scholarly journals Shedding light on the adult brain: a review of the clinical applications of near-infrared spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1955) ◽  
pp. 4452-4469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential as a non-invasive brain monitor in a wide range of clinical scenarios. In the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of clinical experience using NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation, particularly in cardiac surgery, where there is some evidence that NIRS-guided brain protection protocols might lead to a reduction in peri-operative neurological complications. There are no data to support the wider application of NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation during routine anaesthesia and surgery, and its application in brain injury, where it might be expected to have a key monitoring role, is as yet undefined. Technological developments, including the introduction of broadband and time-resolved spectrometers that are capable of reliably measuring changes in oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, offer real potential for a single NIRS-based device to provide multi-site, regional monitoring of cerebral metabolic status as well as oxygenation and haemodynamics.

scholarly journals Use of near–infrared spectroscopy in the adult

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1354) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy

Adult near–infrared spectroscopy is a potential method for observing changes in cerebral oxygenation non–invasively. Access of light to the adult brain requires penetration through extracranial tissues; hence the detection of changes in cerebral chromophore concentration can only be achieved by using near–infrared spectroscopy in the reflectance–mode thereby adding variables which are difficult to control. These include the effects of variable anatomy, different intra–optode distances and the presence of an extra– to intracranial collateral blood supply. Although movements of oxygenated haemoglobin concentration following specific cerebral stimuli can be demonstrated, the challenge of separating changes which occur within the extracranial compartment from those occurring in the intracranial compartments remains. Our experience with near–infrared spectroscopy in the three adult clinical scenarios of carotid endarterectomy, head injury and carbon dioxide stress testing will be presented. The influence of extracranial contamination is demonstrated, as are the methods we have developed to help control for extracranial contamination. Provisional experience with spatially resolved spectroscopy technology will also be presented.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring Sternocleidomastoid Muscular Oxygenation during Isometric Flexion for Patients with Mild Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Pilot Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Yang ◽  
Po-Ching Yang ◽  
Jia-Jin J. Chen ◽  
Yi-Horng Lai ◽  
Chia-Han Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Since there is merit in noninvasive monitoring of muscular oxidative metabolism for near-infrared spectroscopy in a wide range of clinical scenarios, the present study attempted to evaluate the clinical usability for featuring the modulatory strategies of sternocleidomastoid muscular oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in mild nonspecific neck pain patients. The muscular oxygenation variables of the dominant or affected sternocleidomastoid muscles of interest were extracted at 25% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction from ten patients (5 males and 5 females, 23.6 ± 4.2 years) and asymptomatic individuals (6 males and 4 females, 24.0 ± 5.1 years) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Only a shorter half-deoxygenation time of oxygen saturation during a sternocleidomastoid isometric contraction was noted in patients compared to asymptomatic individuals (10.43 ± 1.79 s vs. 13.82 ± 1.42 s, p < 0.001). Even though the lack of statically significant differences in most of the muscular oxygenation variables failed to refine the definite pathogenic mechanisms underlying nonspecific neck pain, the findings of modulatory strategies of faster deoxygenation implied that near-infrared spectroscopy appears to have practical potential to provide relevant physiological information regarding muscular oxidative metabolism and constituted convincing preliminary evidences of the adaptive manipulations rather than pathological responses of oxidative metabolism capacity of sternocleidomastoid muscles in nonspecific neck patients with mild disability.

Accuracy of a Cerebral Oximeter in Healthy Volunteers under Conditions of Isocapnic Hypoxia 

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C. Henson ◽  
Carolyn Calalang ◽  
John A. Temp ◽  
Denham S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cerebral Oximeter ◽  
End Tidal

Background A cerebral oximeter measures oxygen saturation of brain tissue noninvasively by near infrared spectroscopy. The accuracy of a commercially available oximeter was tested in healthy volunteers by precisely controlling end-tidal oxygen (P[ET]O2) and carbon dioxide (P[ET]CO2) tensions to alter global cerebral oxygen saturation. Methods In 30 healthy volunteers, dynamic end-tidal forcing was used to produce step changes in P[ET]O2 resulting in arterial saturation ranging from approximately 70% to 100% under conditions of controlled normocapnia (each person's resting P[ET]CO2) or hypercapnia (resting plus 7-10 mmHg). Blood arterial (SaO2) and jugular bulb venous (S[jv]O2) saturations during each P(ET)O2 interval were determined by co-oximetry. The cerebral oximeter reading (rSO2) and an estimated jugular venous saturation (S[jv]O2), derived from a combination of SaO2 and rSO2, were compared with the measured S(jv)O2. Results The S(jv)O2 was significantly higher with hypercapnia than with normocapnia for the same SaO2. The rSO2 and S(jv)O2 were both highly correlated with S(jv)O2 for individual volunteers (mean r2 = 0.91 for each relation); however, the slopes and intercepts varied widely among volunteers. In three of them, the cerebral oximeter substantially underestimated the measured S(jv)O2. Conclusions During isocapnic hypoxia in healthy persons, cerebral oxygenation as estimated by near infrared spectroscopy precisely tracks changes in measured S(jv)O2 within individuals, but the relation exhibits a wide range of slopes and intercepts. Therefore the clinical utility of the device is limited to situations in which tracking trends in cerebral oxygenation would be acceptable.

scholarly journals Quantification of cerebral blood flow in adults by contrast-enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy: Validation against MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Milej ◽  
Lian He ◽  
Androu Abdalmalak ◽  
Wesley B Baker ◽  
Udunna C Anazodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Depth Sensitivity

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using indocyanine green as a perfusion contrast agent. For validation, CBF was measured independently using the MRI perfusion method arterial spin labeling (ASL). Data were acquired at two sites and under two flow conditions (normocapnia and hypercapnia). Depth sensitivity was enhanced using time-resolved detection, which was demonstrated in a separate set of experiments using a tourniquet to temporally impede scalp blood flow. A strong correlation between CBF measurements from ASL and DCE-NIRS was observed (slope = 0.99 ± 0.08, y-intercept = −1.7 ± 7.4 mL/100 g/min, and R2 = 0.88). Mean difference between the two techniques was 1.9 mL/100 g/min (95% confidence interval ranged from −15 to 19 mL/100g/min and the mean ASL CBF was 75.4 mL/100 g/min). Error analysis showed that structural information and baseline absorption coefficient were needed for optimal CBF reconstruction with DCE-NIRS. This study demonstrated that DCE-NIRS is sensitive to blood flow in the adult brain and can provide accurate CBF measurements with the appropriate modeling techniques.

scholarly journals A Versatile Setup for Time-Resolved Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Fast-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode and on Four-Wave Mixing Laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Sieno ◽  
Alberto Dalla Mora ◽  
Alessandro Torricelli ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
Rebecca Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Diffusive Medium ◽  
Spectroscopy System

In this paper, a time-domain fast gated near-infrared spectroscopy system is presented. The system is composed of a fiber-based laser providing two pulsed sources and two fast gated detectors. The system is characterized on phantoms and was tested in vivo, showing how the gating approach can improve the contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratio for detection of absorption perturbation inside a diffusive medium, regardless of source-detector separation.

Continuous Measurement of Cerebral Oxygenation by Near Infrared Spectroscopy During Induction of Anesthesia

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Timothy Lovell ◽  
Huw Owen-Reece ◽  
Clare E. Elwell ◽  
Martin Smith ◽  
John C. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation

scholarly journals Influence of Intravenous Sildenafil on Cerebral Oxygenation Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Infants After Cardiac Surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Nagdyman ◽  
Thilo Fleck ◽  
Birgit Bitterling ◽  
Peter Ewert ◽  
Hashim Abdul-Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygenation and Influencing Factors in Neonates from High-Altitude Areas

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bi Ze ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
Ge Sang Yang Jin ◽  
Minna Shan ◽  
Yuehang Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Normal Neonates

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Accurate detection of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO<sub>2</sub>) may be useful for neonatal brain injury prevention, and the normal range of rSO<sub>2</sub> of neonates at high altitude remained unclear. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) at high-altitude and low-altitude areas in healthy neonates and neonates with underlying diseases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 515 neonates from low-altitude areas and 151 from Tibet were enrolled. These neonates were assigned into the normal group, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group, and other diseases group. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure rSO<sub>2</sub> in neonates within 24 h after admission. The differences of rSO<sub>2</sub>, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), and cFTOE levels were compared between neonates from low- and high-altitude areas. <b><i>Results:</i></b> (1) The mean rSO<sub>2</sub> and cFTOE levels in normal neonates from Tibet were 55.0 ± 6.4% and 32.6 ± 8.5%, significantly lower than those from low-altitude areas (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). (2) At high altitude, neonates with HIE, pneumonia (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), anemia, and congenital heart disease (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) have higher cFTOE than healthy neonates. (3) Compared with HIE neonates from plain areas, neonates with HIE at higher altitude had lower cFTOE (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), while neonates with heart disease in plateau areas had higher cFTOE than those in plain areas (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The rSO<sub>2</sub> and cFTOE levels in normal neonates from high-altitude areas are lower than neonates from the low-altitude areas. Lower cFTOE is possibly because of an increase in blood flow to the brain, and this may be adversely affected by disease states which may increase the risk of brain injury.

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