scholarly journals The link between behavioural type and natal dispersal propensity reveals a dispersal syndrome in a large herbivore

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1790) ◽  
pp. 20140873 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Debeffe ◽  
N. Morellet ◽  
N. Bonnot ◽  
J. M. Gaillard ◽  
B. Cargnelutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Behavioural Type ◽  
Dispersal Syndrome ◽  
Energetic Expenditure

When individuals disperse, they modify the physical and social composition of their reproductive environment, potentially impacting their fitness. The choice an individual makes between dispersal and philopatry is thus critical, hence a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the decision to leave the natal area is crucial. We explored how combinations of behavioural (exploration, mobility, activity and stress response) and morphological (body mass) traits measured prior to dispersal were linked to the subsequent dispersal decision in 77 roe deer Capreolus capreolus fawns. Using an unusually detailed multi-trait approach, we identified two independent behavioural continuums related to dispersal. First, a continuum of energetic expenditure contrasted individuals of low mobility, low variability in head activity and low body temperature with those that displayed opposite traits. Second, a continuum of neophobia contrasted individuals that explored more prior to dispersal and were more tolerant of capture with those that displayed opposite traits. While accounting for possible confounding effects of condition-dependence (body mass), we showed that future dispersers were less neophobic and had higher energetic budgets than future philopatric individuals, providing strong support for a dispersal syndrome in this species.

scholarly journals Sex differences in condition dependence of natal dispersal in a large herbivore: dispersal propensity and distance are decoupled

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1946) ◽  
pp. 20202947
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Hewison ◽  
J.-M. Gaillard ◽  
N. Morellet ◽  
F. Cagnacci ◽  
L. Debeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Dispersal Propensity

Evolution should favour plasticity in dispersal decisions in response to spatial heterogeneity in social and environmental contexts. Sex differences in individual optimization of dispersal decisions are poorly documented in mammals, because species where both sexes commonly disperse are rare. To elucidate the sex-specific drivers governing dispersal, we investigated sex differences in condition dependence in the propensity and distance of natal dispersal in one such species, the roe deer, using fine-scale monitoring of 146 GPS-collared juveniles in an intensively monitored population in southwest France. Dispersal propensity increased with body mass in males such that 36% of light individuals dispersed, whereas 62% of heavy individuals did so, but there was no evidence for condition dependence in dispersal propensity among females. By contrast, dispersal distance increased with body mass at a similar rate in both sexes such that heavy dispersers travelled around twice as far as light dispersers. Sex differences in the strength of condition-dependent dispersal may result from different selection pressures acting on the behaviour of males and females. We suggest that females disperse prior to habitat saturation being reached, likely in relation to the risk of inbreeding. By contrast, natal dispersal in males is likely governed by competitive exclusion through male–male competition for breeding opportunities in this strongly territorial mammal. Our study is, to our knowledge, a first demonstration that condition dependence in dispersal propensity and dispersal distance may be decoupled, indicating contrasting selection pressures drive the behavioural decisions of whether or not to leave the natal range, and where to settle.

Assessing the intensity of sexual selection on male body mass and antler length in roe deer Capreolus capreolus: is bigger better in a weakly dimorphic species?

Oikos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Vanpé ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Petter Kjellander ◽  
Olof Liberg ◽  
Daniel Delorme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Dimorphic Species

Annual variation in body composition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in moderate environmental conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Hewison ◽  
J. M. Angibault ◽  
E. Bideau ◽  
J. P. Vincent ◽  
J. Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Bone Marrow Fat ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Fat Level

Patterns of growth and seasonal variation in body mass, kidney fat level, and bone marrow fat level were investigated in a roe deer population south of Paris. Size dimorphism was not apparent until the deer were 2 years of age, following a second period of rapid growth in males during spring–summer. No differences between the sexes in fat accumulation or in the periodicity of the annual fat cycle were observed. However, annual cycles of adult body mass were asynchronous between the sexes. Carcase mass was stable for much of the year, but one marked seasonal decline was observed in animals of each sex. For females (April–August) this reflected investment in late gestation and lactation, but among males (April–November) it was presumably linked to the costs of rutting. Contrary to reports for other ungulates, no over-winter decline in adult carcase mass, kidney fat level, or bone marrow fat level was observed, possibly because winters were mild. All four fat indices (kidney fat index, three bone-marrow fat indices) declined over spring–summer. This seasonal cyclicity does not match the energy requirements of reproductive activity, suggesting that the fat cycle is intrinsic, linked to seasonal metabolic variation in roe deer. We suggest that carcase mass is a more reliable index of condition in roe deer.

Ecological correlates of roe deer fawn survival in a sub-Mediterranean population

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Raganella-Pelliccioni ◽  
L. Boitani ◽  
S. Toso
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Threshold Time

We investigated the effect of body mass, spring and summer total rainfall, birth period, and local population density on the survival of 130 roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus (L., 1758)) fawns captured over seven fawning seasons (1997–2003) and radio-monitored daily. We modelled survival using the program MARK, incorporating biological questions into different models, following a priori hypotheses. The best model was selected using Akaike’s information criterion. The population was surveyed by counts and estimates were obtained using mark–resight methods. Weekly survival of roe deer fawns exhibits a pseudo-threshold time trend. Probability of survival is low (0.33 ± 0.0046) in summer, increases (0.79 ± 0.0021) in fall, and approaches the highest value typical of adult survival (0.90 ± 0.00091 and 0.96 ± 0.00021 by the end of March and May, respectively) during early spring following birth. The final model predicts that survival of roe deer fawns is positively affected by total precipitation in spring and body mass under a pseudo-threshold time variation pattern. In contrast with other studies, we did not detect any effect of population density on survival of fawns. This study contributes to the scarce knowledge about the performance of roe deer populations in Mediterranean ecosystems, providing evidence that climate variables and individual characteristics shape the vital rates of roe deer populations.

Body-mass or sex-biased tick parasitism in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)? A GAMLSS approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. KIFFNER ◽  
C. LÖDIGE ◽  
M. ALINGS ◽  
T. VOR ◽  
F. RÜHE
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus

Metabolic rate in female European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): incidence of reproduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Mauget ◽  
Robert Mauget ◽  
Antoine Sempéré
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Reproduction Costs ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Indirect calorimetry measurements were made continuously over a 2-year period in 10 adult female roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) maintained in outdoor enclosures on ad libitum feeding. Results from adult nonpregnant does revealed no endogenous seasonal rhythm in resting metabolic rate (RMR), in contrast to most cervid species. Throughout the 2 years of our study, RMR (overall mean 4695 ± 65 kJ∙d−1) fluctuated in parallel with variations in body mass. The mass-specific RMR ranged from 221.2 ± 4.8 to 230.7 ± 4.0 kJ∙kg−1∙d−1 (466.0 ± 10.8 to 495.5 ± 9.7 kJ∙kg−0.75∙d−1). Results from pregnant females (five in the first year, four in the second) showed that their energy expenditure increased by 15% during the last 2 months of gestation, in step with the increase in body mass. A 27% increase in RMR was recorded in lactating females during the first month post partum. These results show that in a small-bodied cervid such as the roe deer, reproduction costs are no higher than in other wild herbivores.

scholarly journals Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Ranc ◽  
Paul R. Moorcroft ◽  
K. Whitney Hansen ◽  
Federico Ossi ◽  
Tobia Sforna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractThe link between spatio-temporal resource patterns and movement behaviour is a key ecological process, however, limited experimental support has been produced at the home range scale. In this study, we analysed the spatial responses of a resident large herbivore (roe deer Capreolus capreolus) during an in situ manipulation of a concentrated food resource. Specifically, we experimentally altered feeding site accessibility to roe deer and recorded (for 25 animal-years) individual responses by GPS tracking. We found that, following the loss of their preferred resource, roe deer actively tracked resource dynamics leading to more exploratory movements, and larger, spatially-shifted home ranges. Then, we showed, for the first time experimentally, the importance of site fidelity in the maintenance of large mammal home ranges by demonstrating the return of individuals to their familiar, preferred resource despite the presence of alternate, equally-valuable food resources. This behaviour was modulated at the individual level, where roe deer characterised by a high preference for feeding sites exhibited more pronounced behavioural adjustments during the manipulation. Together, our results establish the connections between movement, space-use, individual preference, and the spatio-temporal pattern of resources in home ranging behaviour.

Enamel Thickness Differs between Field and Forest European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jan Demesko ◽  
Marta Kurek ◽  
Patrycja Podlaszczuk ◽  
Janusz Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Enamel Thickness
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