scholarly journals Sexual dichroism and pigment localization in the wing scales of Pieris rapae butterflies

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1606) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Giraldo ◽  
D.G Stavenga
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pieris Rapae Crucivora ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wing Coloration ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Wing Scales

The beads in the wing scales of pierid butterflies play a crucially important role in wing coloration as shown by spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The beads contain pterin pigments, which in Pieris rapae absorb predominantly in the ultraviolet (UV). SEM demonstrates that in the European subspecies Pieris rapae rapae , both males and females have dorsal wing scales with a high concentration of beads. In the Japanese subspecies Pieris rapae crucivora , however, only the males have dorsal wing scales studded with beads, and the dorsal scales of females lack beads. Microspectrophotometry of single scales without beads yields reflectance spectra that increase slightly and monotonically with wavelength. With beads, the reflectance is strongly reduced in the UV and enhanced at the longer wavelengths. By stacking several layers of beaded scales, pierid butterflies achieve strong colour contrasts, which are not realized in the dorsal wings of female P. r. crucivora . Consequently, P. r. crucivora exhibits a strong sexual dichroism that is absent in P. r. rapae .

Drosophila cell fusion induced by wheat germ agglutinin

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
R.M. Rizki ◽  
T.M. Rizki ◽  
C.A. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Drosophila Cell ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Embryonic Cell Lines ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of wheat germ agglutinin on Drosophila embryonic cell lines growing on cover-glasses was examined by scanning electron microscopy. At low concentrations of the lectin (5-10 mug/ml), cells spread against the glass surface and fused to form syncytia. At high concentration, damage to the cell surface was evidenced as extensive membrane shrivelling and loss of surface microfilaments. Fusion also occurred under these conditions. There was some indication that the morphology of cells in division remains undisturbed by wheat germ agglutinin. The coalescence of cells and morphologic disotrtion induced by wheat germ agglutinin were not inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine, the hapten inhibitor of the lectin, under the conditions utilized in this study.

Antennal Sensilla of Chrysis shanghalensis (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), a Larval Ectoparasite of Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shu Z. Yang ◽  
Mei H. Yang ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Jin T. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Chrysis shanghalensis Smith (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) is an ectoparasitoid and important natural enemy of Monema flavescens Walker (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), a serious defoliator of a number of tree species. The external morphology of the antennal sensilla of this parasitoid was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and types and distribution of sensilla were recorded. The antennae of C. shanghalensis were geniculate in shape and composed of a scape with radicula, a pedicel, and a flagellum divided into 11 flagellomeres in males and females. Cuticular pore and 14 types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes. These included aporous Böhm's bristles, sensilla trichodea 1, 2, and 3 (nonporous), sensilla trichodea 4 (multiporous), two types of sensilla chaetica (nonporous), four morphological types of sensilla basiconica (multiporous), two morphological types of sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), and one type of sensillum campaniforme (nonporous).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Corrosion Inhibitive Properties of Three Different Leave Extracts on Mild Steel Iron in Sulphuric Acid Solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Gabriel N. Chukwueze ◽  
Christian O. Asadu ◽  
Chijioke E. Onu ◽  
Innocent S. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Scanning Electron

The inhibitive ability of pawpaw, neem and curry leaf extracts on corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution were investigated in this work. The extracts obtained from their respective leaves, were characterized to determine their phytochemical constituents as well as functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. Weight loss techniques was employed to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the leaf extracts. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the mild steel before and after corrosion experiments. The process factors studied was exposure time, concentration of leaf extracts (inhibitor) and temperature. The results revealed that the phytochemical constituents of the leaves are capable of inhibiting corrosion due to high concentration of tannins which is responsible for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. The rate of corrosion decreased with increase in the concentration of the extracts while the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the extracts. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the corroded mild steel in the presence of the extracts had smoother surfaces than corroded mild steel in the absence of the extracts. Also, neem leaf extract demonstrated higher potential as corrosion inhibitor than pawpaw and curry leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Kinetika Pembentukan Struvite Kristal Menggunakan Zeolit Alam sebagai Adsorben pada Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Ariyanto ◽  
Yuyun Niyati ◽  
Dian Kharismadewi ◽  
Robiah Robiah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wastewater from the fertilizer industry contains a high concentration of PO43- and NH4+. Those ions formed deposits that frequently clogged the conduits and reduced the pump efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. A high concentration of PO43- and NH4+ in this wastewater can be used as a secondary source of PO43- fertilizer through the recovery process into struvite compounds (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). In this research, Struvite was crystallized in Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer (ACCC) with Magnesium modified natural Zeolite (Zeo-Mg) as adsorbent. Research also has been done using the Batch process, and the results were used as basis variables in the ACCC system. Effects of Zeolite activation, amounts of Zeo-Mg (10 – 30 g), PO43- and NH4+reactant ratio (1:1 – 1:3), pH (6 – 9), and reaction time (0 – 60 minutes) to the removal percentage of PO43- were used as research parameters that analyzed in struvite crystallization process. Zeo-Mg and struvite produced were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Research results in the ACCC system with Zeo-Mg as adsorbent showed that the percentage of PO43- removal was 65% in 16 minutes and followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with a reaction rate constant of 0.21 min-1. The PO43- removal reached equilibrium at pH 8.10 after 28 minutes. Simultaneous removal of PO43- to formed struvite crystals using Zeo-Mg as an adsorbent and without the addition of Mg ions solution in the ACCC system is a novel process in wastewater treatment. Moreover, this PO43- recovery process can be implemented in the industrial scale due to the practical operation.A B S T R A KAir limbah industri pupuk banyak mengandung PO43- dan NH4+. Ion-ion ini membentuk endapan yang seringkali menyumbat aliran pipa yang menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi pompa di instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Kandungan PO43- dan NH4+ berkonsentrasi tinggi ini dapat dijadikan sumber sekunder untuk membuat pupuk PO43- dengan melakukan recovery sebagai senyawa struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Pada penelitian ini, struvite dibentuk menjadi kristal menggunakan Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer (ACCC) dengan adsorben zeolit alam yang telah dimodifikasi menggunakan ion magnesium (Zeo-Mg). Penelitian juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses batch, yang hasilnya dijadikan basis variabel pada sistem ACCC. Pengaruh pengaktifan zeolit, penambahan Zeo-Mg (10–30 g), rasio reaktan PO43- dan NH4+ (1:1–1:3), perubahan pH larutan (6–9), dan lamanya waktu reaksi (0–60) menit terhadap persentase penyisihan PO43- menjadi parameter yang dianalisis pada proses kristalisasi struvite. Zeo-Mg dan struvite yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan scanning electron microscopy dan energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Penelitian menggunakan ACCC menghasilkan persentase penyisihan PO43- dengan adsorben Zeo-Mg sebesar 65% dalam 16 menit dan mengikuti persamaan kinetika reaksi orde satu, dengan konstanta laju reaksi 0,21 min-1. Penyisihan PO43- mencapai kesetimbangan pada pH 8,10 setelah 28 menit. Proses pemisahan PO43- dengan adsorben Zeo-Mg menjadi struvite secara berkesinambungan pada sistem ACCC merupakan proses baru pengolahan air limbah. Selain itu, proses pemanfaatan kembali PO43- ini dapat diterapkan ke dalam skala industri karena kemudahan dalam pengoperasiannya.

Microscopic study of male Morpho rhetenor wing scales

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
L. Bingham ◽  
I. Bingham ◽  
J. Tanner ◽  
C. Driscoll ◽  
S. Geary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Wing Scales

The morphology of pigmented ventral scales and non-pigmented iridescent dorsal scales of Morpho rhetenor wings were compared using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Sections of wing and individual scales were mounted at various angles on stubs for SEM evaluation. Some scales were embedded in Spurr’s resin and sectioned for LM and SEM.Pigmented scales are ornamented by ridges parallel to the axis of the scale (Fig. 1). They are approximately 1.5 μm apart with holes through the membrane between ridges. The non-pigmented iridescent scales similarly contain a series of parallel ridges, but with several layers of lamellae (Fig. 2). The distance between these ridges is only approximately 0.7 μm (Fig. 3). Much smaller and more frequent holes can be observed between these ridges (compare Figs. 1 and 3). The overlapping layers of lamellae form stacks of thin films, which resemble a “Christmas tree” structure. The space between the overlapping lamellae is 0.05 μm and there appear to be holes through the midrib between lamellar stacks (Fig. 4).

Intergranular Fatigue Cracking Enhanced by Impurity Segregation

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2137-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Daniel ◽  
Frédéric Christien ◽  
René Le Gall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Impurity Segregation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scanning Electron

It was previously reported that fatigue life of some alloys can be dramatically reduced if the grain boundaries contain a high level of impurity segregation before fatigue tests. In this paper the susceptibility of single phase brass samples (90Cu10Zn) to this form of damage is studied. After cold drawing of as cast brass bars, fatigue samples were heat treated at 800°C during 30min to promote recrystallization and impurity segregation at grain boundary. The samples were then tested under high frequency bending fatigue test at 200°C. After cracking, fracture surfaces were studied using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The SEM micrographs showed that the fractures were mostly intergranular. Chemical composition of intergranular cracks surface were analyzed using EPMA at low accelerating voltage. A high concentration of sulfur was found on most of grain boundary facets. The internal stress in alloys after fatigue was qualitatively estimated using electron backscattering diffraction in scanning electron microscopy. A high level of local misorientation was found near most grain boundaries. The mechanism of intergranular cracks formation during fatigue is discussed taking into account both the segregation of sulfur at grain boundaries and accumulation of plastic strain at grain boundaries

First report of Schulzia travassosi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) for amphibians of the Chaco region in Argentina and proposal of Oswaldocruzia melanostictusi nov. comb.

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthya E. González ◽  
Monika I. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chaco Region ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chaco Province ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThis is the first record of the nematode parasite Schulzia travassosi (Trichostrongylina, Molineidae) in two Argentinean amphibians, Leptodactylus bufonius and Rhinella major, collected in two localities of the Chaco region, Las Lomitas (Formosa Province) and Taco Pozo (Chaco Province). The species was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with previous studies of Paraguayan specimens. Regarding metric characters, the measurements found in Argentinean specimens generally did not differ from those of Paraguayan specimens; some differences were observed in the total length of males and females (some longer and some shorter than Paraguayan specimens), length of the oesophagus (in almost all specimens shorter than in Paraguayan ones) and position of the vulva (nearer to posterior end in Argentinean specimens). The branches and sphincter of ovejector are slightly longer than in Paraguayan female specimens. In males, ray 4 is almost the same length as rays 2, 3 and 5, 6. Cephalic end, cephalic vesicle, synlophe and vulvar depression were viewed under SEM. Schulzia melanostictusi Chopra, Shing and Kumar, 1986 is reassigned as Oswaldocruzia melanostictusi (Chopra, Shing and Kumar, 1986) nov. comb.

Description of immature stages and redescription of adults of Ixodes luciae Sénevet (Acari: Ixodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2495 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA C. ONOFRIO ◽  
MARCELO B. LABRUNA ◽  
JOÃO LUIZ H. FACCINI ◽  
DARCI M. BARROS-BATTESTI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Haller's Organ ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scanning Electron

The tick Ixodes luciae occurs in many countries within the Neotropical region but only adult ticks have been morphologically described. Larvae and nymphs parasitize marsupials and rodents while adults are common on marsupials. A colony of I. luciae was obtained from females collected on marsupials from the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. After being fed on rabbits, the specimens were maintained under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Unfed larvae, nymphs, males and females of the first generation were cleaned and prepared for both optical and scanning electron microscopy. Ixodes luciae is closely related to Ixodes loricatus, Ixodes schulzei, and Ixodes amarali, although each species has its own array of distinctive characters. The larva of I. luciae differs from those of both I. schulzei and I. amarali in the length of the capitulum and from I. schulzei in the number of posthalleral setae in the Haller’s organ. Nymphs differ from I. amarali, I. loricatus and I. schulzei by the length of the external spur on coxae I, and from I. schulzei and I. amarali in having slender and shorter capitulum and hypostome. Males and females of I. luciae differ from the other three species by the length of the external spur on coxae I and by the scutal punctations, which are much longer and larger, respectively, in I. luciae. However, except for a few features, the chaetotaxy is the same for larvae of the four species, not only on the idiosoma (e.g. scutum with four pairs of setae), palpi and tarsus I, but also the number of porose setae within the capsule of Haller’s organ and the prehalleral setae.

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