High concentration of phosphorus is a distinctive feature of myelin. An X-Ray elemental microanalysis study using freeze-fracture scanning electron microscopy of rat sciatic nerve

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Oliveira ◽  
Artur P. Águas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Elemental Microanalysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mercury intake by inflammatory phagocytes: in vivo cytology of mouse macrophages and neutrophils by X-ray elemental microanalysis coupled with scanning electron microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete M Cunha ◽  
Maria João R Oliveira ◽  
Paula G Ferreira ◽  
Artur P Águas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Pouch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Microanalysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phagocytes remove and store mercury (Hg) that enters the body. Macrophages and granulocytes respond in opposite ways to Hg: macrophages loose cell viability, and neutrophils become protected from apoptosis. We have investigated the cytology of early intake of Hg by macrophages and neutrophils after a short period (2-4 min) of in vivo exposure to HgCl2. The two types of phagocytes were attracted either to a subcutaneous air pouch or to the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice by in situ BSA injection. BSA caused, 72 hours later, inflammatory exudates where neutrophils (air-pouch cavity) or macrophages (peritoneal cavity) were the predominant cell type. A lethal dose of HgCl2 (25 mg) was then injected in the two inflammatory cavities. The mice died 2-4 min later and the cell exudates were harvested and studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray elemental microanalysis (SEM-XRM). More than half of the phagocytes showed ingested Hg; a higher percentage of macrophages (around 70%) than neutrophils (around 50%) were positive for the metal. Intracellular particles of Hg were spheroid and presented a small diameter (less than 20 nm). They could be seen in large numbers inside phagocytes (up to 20-30 Hg dots per cell); they were scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. The ability of phagocytes to ingest Hg increased as the BSA-induced inflammation progressed. We conclude that (i) Hg is quickly ingested as small particles by phagocytes; (ii) endocytosis of Hg increases with the degree of activation of phagocytes; and (iii) phagocytes internalize Hg by pinocytosis.

scholarly journals Kinetika Pembentukan Struvite Kristal Menggunakan Zeolit Alam sebagai Adsorben pada Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Ariyanto ◽  
Yuyun Niyati ◽  
Dian Kharismadewi ◽  
Robiah Robiah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wastewater from the fertilizer industry contains a high concentration of PO43- and NH4+. Those ions formed deposits that frequently clogged the conduits and reduced the pump efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. A high concentration of PO43- and NH4+ in this wastewater can be used as a secondary source of PO43- fertilizer through the recovery process into struvite compounds (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). In this research, Struvite was crystallized in Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer (ACCC) with Magnesium modified natural Zeolite (Zeo-Mg) as adsorbent. Research also has been done using the Batch process, and the results were used as basis variables in the ACCC system. Effects of Zeolite activation, amounts of Zeo-Mg (10 – 30 g), PO43- and NH4+reactant ratio (1:1 – 1:3), pH (6 – 9), and reaction time (0 – 60 minutes) to the removal percentage of PO43- were used as research parameters that analyzed in struvite crystallization process. Zeo-Mg and struvite produced were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Research results in the ACCC system with Zeo-Mg as adsorbent showed that the percentage of PO43- removal was 65% in 16 minutes and followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with a reaction rate constant of 0.21 min-1. The PO43- removal reached equilibrium at pH 8.10 after 28 minutes. Simultaneous removal of PO43- to formed struvite crystals using Zeo-Mg as an adsorbent and without the addition of Mg ions solution in the ACCC system is a novel process in wastewater treatment. Moreover, this PO43- recovery process can be implemented in the industrial scale due to the practical operation.A B S T R A KAir limbah industri pupuk banyak mengandung PO43- dan NH4+. Ion-ion ini membentuk endapan yang seringkali menyumbat aliran pipa yang menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi pompa di instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Kandungan PO43- dan NH4+ berkonsentrasi tinggi ini dapat dijadikan sumber sekunder untuk membuat pupuk PO43- dengan melakukan recovery sebagai senyawa struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Pada penelitian ini, struvite dibentuk menjadi kristal menggunakan Aeration Cone Column Crystallizer (ACCC) dengan adsorben zeolit alam yang telah dimodifikasi menggunakan ion magnesium (Zeo-Mg). Penelitian juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses batch, yang hasilnya dijadikan basis variabel pada sistem ACCC. Pengaruh pengaktifan zeolit, penambahan Zeo-Mg (10–30 g), rasio reaktan PO43- dan NH4+ (1:1–1:3), perubahan pH larutan (6–9), dan lamanya waktu reaksi (0–60) menit terhadap persentase penyisihan PO43- menjadi parameter yang dianalisis pada proses kristalisasi struvite. Zeo-Mg dan struvite yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan scanning electron microscopy dan energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Penelitian menggunakan ACCC menghasilkan persentase penyisihan PO43- dengan adsorben Zeo-Mg sebesar 65% dalam 16 menit dan mengikuti persamaan kinetika reaksi orde satu, dengan konstanta laju reaksi 0,21 min-1. Penyisihan PO43- mencapai kesetimbangan pada pH 8,10 setelah 28 menit. Proses pemisahan PO43- dengan adsorben Zeo-Mg menjadi struvite secara berkesinambungan pada sistem ACCC merupakan proses baru pengolahan air limbah. Selain itu, proses pemanfaatan kembali PO43- ini dapat diterapkan ke dalam skala industri karena kemudahan dalam pengoperasiannya.

Investigation of Sulphate Attack on C-S-H Gel

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1116-1120
Author(s):  
Xiao Xin Feng ◽  
Xiu Juan Li ◽  
Qing Min Wei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentration Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

C-S-H gel was prepared by extracting from the hardened cement paste, and was immersed in Na2SO4 solution and MgSO4 solution respectively. The microstructure of the C-S-H gel attacked by sulphate was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is found that C-S-H gel is attacked by both Na2SO4 and MgSO4, and gypsum forms whether in low or high concentration solution of Na2SO4 and MgSO4.

Micro-Surgical Fascicular Nerve Repair: A Morphological Study of the Endoneurial Bulge

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
S. J. Archibald ◽  
T. R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Sharp Razor Blade ◽  
Scanning Electron

The phenomenon of ‘endoneurial bulging’ from the cut end of the divided nerve fasciculus in the rat sciatic nerve has been examined with light and scanning electron microscopy and the morphological changes compared when dividing the fasciculus with either micro-scissors or a sharp razor blade.

Micro-Surgical Fascicular Nerve Repair: A Morphological Study of the Endoneurial Bulge

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
S. J. ARCHIBALD ◽  
T. R. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Sharp Razor Blade ◽  
Scanning Electron

The phenomenon of ‘endoneurial bulging’ from the cut end of the divided nerve fasciculus in the rat sciatic nerve has been examined with light and scanning electron microscopy and the morphological changes compared when dividing the fasciculus with either micro-scissors or a sharp razor blade.

scholarly journals Nano Crystallites and Clustered Species in Modified Sodium Telluride Glasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5587-5597
Author(s):  
Amal Behairy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Na2o Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structural properties, crystalline and  clustering  behavior of xNa2O·(1-x)TeO2 (15 £ x £ 65 mol% glasses have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning   electron microscopy (SEM ). The experimental results have demonstrated that the basic structural units in telluride glasses change from highly strained TeO4 trigonal bipyramids to more regular TeO3 units containing non bridging oxygen atoms (NBO). The concentration of NBO atoms in telluride network increases with  increasing? Na2O content. The present results suggest that (NBO) atoms in telluride glasses  exist in  their pure form in glasses of up to 35 mol% Na2O.  But at higher Na2O concentrations, NBO atoms do not exist in their pure form; that is,  the majority of  NBO atoms  are coordinated with high concentration from Na cations  to form  nano-crystalline clusters. The  results based on  X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and  differential scanning calomerty (DSC) reveal the presence of two crystalline phases: ? TeO2  and   Na2Te4O9 phases during the crystallization process of the prepared glass in the region < 50 mol% Na2O. But  at higher Na2O concentrations, Na2Te2O5 and NaTeO3 crystalline clustered phase  in the nono size scale are the dominant type. This means that NBO in  TeO3 trigonal pyramids will interact with the excess of Na cation resulting in the three-dimensional network containing nano size clusters  particularly in telluride glasses  containing 50 and 65 mol% Na2O. An increase in Na2O concentration in Na2O-rich telluride  network results in increasing Na coordination instead of breaking more tellurium–oxygen bonds.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

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