The Rutherford Memorial Lecture, 1962 Atomic physics and the strength of metals

1963 ◽  
Vol 275 (1361) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Present Position ◽  
The Subject

In the previous Rutherford lecture Sir Lawrence Bragg (1961) gave an account of the history and present position of crystallography. Crystallography consists of the study of the regular ways in which atoms or molecules are arranged in solids, and crystallographers now investigate substances of ever-growing complexity. At the same time, alongside crystallography, there has grown up a science which is related to it, namely, a study of the ways in which these regular arrangements can break down. If there are many thousands of crystal structures known in nature, you would guess that there must be tens of thousands of possible defects; this may be so, but in fact the study of defects is confined at the present time to those which are observed in the simpler crystal structures, in metals, oxides and so on, and so we are far from knowing the full complexity that may exist. Actually, however, there is one form of defect which has a certain simplicity and very great theoretical and practical importance, namely, the dislocation. It is the history and present status of this concept that form the subject matter of this lecture.

Geometry as a Course in Reasoning

1923 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Henry P. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Mathematical Proofs ◽  
The Subject

How can geometry be reclaimed from its present position in most of our secondary schools as little more than an unsuccessful course in formal mathematical logic, is a question that has engaged the attention of alert teachers for many years. There is a movement on foot at the present time to overhaul the whole of our mathematical teaching in all schools below the college grade which is doing much to improve the situation. As soon as school authorities throughout the country had decided that geometry could and should be taught in the newly organized junior high schools, the problem was put squarely up to mathematics teachers to reorganize the content and methods of this subject. It was quite evident from the start that the old style presentation of mathematical proofs that we call demonstrative geometry would not be understood by pupils below the ninth grade, and there was a sneaking suspicion in the minds of many that it was not too well understood by most pupils above that grade. Accordingly Euclid's organization of the subject matter of geometry was thrown boldly overboard by mathematical committees appointed to study the situation, and a course of study was recommended which was based on the capacities of childrens’ minds rather than on those of the ancient Greek philosophers. Rigid proofs were eliminated and intuitive, observational, inventional, and numerical geometry was substituted.

Essays in Physics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Feedback Stability ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
University Course

“Essays in Physics” gives accounts of 32 chosen topics. The level is that of a 3–4-year university course in Physics. The topics discussed are diverse but “mainstream”. Each essay aims to say something fresh that complements what the reader will find elsewhere. Just what “fresh” means inevitably depends somewhat on the subject matter. Some chapters give a “different” slant on a familiar idea (e.g. electromagnetic energy, Lorentz transformation, photon emission). Some contain an analysis not available elsewhere (diffraction, feedback stability). Some correct material that is commonplace in many textbooks (much atomic physics). Some add insightful discussion to standard material (free energy, Brillouin zones). One in particular refines technique (perturbation theory). One brings order to confusion (-m dB). The aim in all cases is to encourage a fuller, and correct, understanding, and an enhanced intellectual acuity (critical faculty). With a subject as mature as physics, it is bold to claim originality. However I will dare to make that claim, in particular for Chapters 10, 22 and 30, but also for parts of most other chapters.

scholarly journals Application of the Salini test in determining investments in the practice of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova ◽  
Gleb Andreevich Gadalov
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features ◽  
First Time

Determination of the existence of subject-matter jurisdiction is of practical importance for the entire dispute settlement process by the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), which was created for protection of the rights of foreign investors. The subject-matter jurisdiction of ICSID is conditioned by existence of an “investment”. Determination of existence of an investment in each particular dispute is attributed to the exclusive competence of the arbitral tribunal itself, since the concept of “investment” is not disclosed in the text of the Washington Convention. The authors assess the key features of the activity that is recognized as investment, used by the arbitrators conducting qualification of one or another transaction to establish whether or not they fall under requirements of the Article 25 of the Washington Convention. Special attention is turned to the methodology and practice of application of the aforementioned criteria. It is noted that in each criteria, the arbitrators determine their own structure. Detailed analysis is carried out on the issues of subject-matter jurisdiction in the decisions of ICSID , beginning with the Fedex case, in which the need to use objective criteria in determination of ICSID jurisdiction without their interpretation is pointed for the first time; and Salini case, in which the arbitrators disclosed the content of these criteria, as well as subsequent decisions that illustrated different approaches of the arbitrators towards interpreting the Salini test. The conclusion is made that despite the fact that the criteria used in modern arbitration practice developed in the Salini case do not possess regulatory characteristics, their presence allows making objective distinction between the investments protected on the level of international agreements and regular commercial transactions. The Salini test provides potential investors with the opportunity to assess risks prior to starting investment activity on the territory of a foreign country, as well as protect the parties to the investment relations from abuse.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

The Taxonomic Structuring of Medical Information and its Usefulness in this Form

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zinsser
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Programmed Instruction ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
The Subject

An outline has been presented in historical fashion of the steps devised to organize the central core of medical information allowing the subject matter, the patient, to define the nature and the progression of the diseases from which he suffers, with and without therapy; and approaches have been made to organize this information in such fashion as to align the definitions in orderly fashion to teach both diagnostic strategy and the content of the diseases by programmed instruction.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

HUBUNGAN PROFESIONALISME PENDIDIK TK DENGAN KINERJA PENDIDIK DI TK RAYON IV KOTA DUMAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Ranirizal Ranirizal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Kindergarten Educators ◽  
Academic Qualifications

Performance is the performance shown by educators, both in quality and quantity in carrying out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to them professionally. Educator performance development is a very decisive factor in the success of the education and learning process. In fact, in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City, there is still a low level of competency standards possessed by educators. The intended competency standard is from the standard academic qualifications and four competencies that must be possessed by a kindergarten educator, namely pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. This is evidenced by educators not yet mastering learning material with the maximum known when the learning process educators are not able to explain well the subject matter, and educators have not shown maximum performance in carrying out their duties and functions. The purpose of this study was to see whether there was an influence on teacher professionalism on teacher performance in Dumai IV Rayon Kindergarten. The results of the study prove that there is a significant relationship between the professionalism of Kindergarten educators and the performance of educators in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City. This is evidenced by the value of Sig (2-tailed) professionalism on educator's performance of 0,000, so the calculation shows 0,000 <0.05. This means that Ha is accepted, that is, there is a significant relationship between the professionalism of Kindergarten educators and the Performance of Educators in Kindergarten Rayon IV, Dumai City.

Justine Pila, The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
Patrick Masiyakurima
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Subject
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