scholarly journals On helium in saline minerals, and its probable connection with potassium

1908 ◽  
Vol 81 (547) ◽  
pp. 278-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
Saline Minerals ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In a former paper I mentioned that saline minerals were often comparatively free from contamination with radio-active material of the uranium-radium series. Accordingly they afford special opportunities of testing whether or not helium is generated by the other elements present, namely, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulphur, chlorine, oxygen, hydrogen. In this paper determinations are given of helium and radium in some of the saline minerals of Stassfurt. These minerals occur in strata of triassic age, though the age of some of them may be less, for there is evidence that secondary alterations have taken place in the salt deposits. Helium was liberated by solution of the mineral in water. The powdered substance was placed in a flask fitted up as shown in the preceding paper. The flask was exhausted, washed out with oxygen, again exhausted, and sealed off from the pump. Water, well boiled, and allowed to cool in a vacuum, was admitted through a tap. Heat was applied to promote solution, and when this was complete the gases set free were driven out by boiling and collected over mercury. Carbonic acid was removed by potash, and other constituents by sparking. The small residue was then examined as described in ‘Roy. Soc. Proc.,’ A, vol. 80, p. 592, liquid air being generally used to cool the charcoal.

scholarly journals Metal Binding Proteins

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or third messengers. Some metal ions, especially transition metal ions, take part in catalysis in many enzymes. From ten to twelve metals are vitally important for activity of living organisms: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. This short review is devoted to structural, physical, chemical, and physiological properties of proteins, which specifically bind these metal cations.

The effect of dehydration and rehydration on salt loss in the second-stage larvae of Anguina tritici

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Womersley
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Calcium Loss ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

SUMMARYThe effect of repeated dehydration and hydration on the salt content of 2nd-stage larvae of Anguina tritici was studied. The sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium contents of the larvae after subjection to varying periods of desiccation and rehydration were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry. External cation concentrations on the cuticle of the head, middle body and tail regions were determined semi-quantitatively with scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with X-ray analysis (EDAX). Salt concentrations decreased with each dehydration/rehydration cycle. The greatest loss occurred on revival from the first desiccation period. The results indicated that A. tritici was incapable of regulating it's internal sodium content during revival, but suggested a limited ability to control potassium, magnesium and calcium loss. Salt loss through the nematode cuticle was restricted to potassium and calcium during desiccation. The salt losses encountered are discussed in relation to nematode osmoregulation and to the survival of the nematode in the anhydrobiotic state.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Goldman ◽  
Samuel Karelitz ◽  
Hedda Acs ◽  
Eli Seifter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

scholarly journals The digestion process of the sugar alcohol isomalt in the intestinal tract of the pig

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Van Weerden ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In a study with ten pigs of 60–70 kg live weight, provided with a re-entrant cannula at the end of the ileum, and sixteen intact, non-cannulated pigs, the digestion and absorption of a dietary dose of 100 g isomalt/kg, and isomalt given between the meals as a ‘sweet’on the basis of 50 and 100 g/kg feed consumption, were examined. In all three isomalt treatments slightly less than 0.40 of the isomalt consumed was digested in the small intestine when the calculations were based on ileal sugar passage. However, when basing the calculations on energy contents of ileal chyme, only approximately 0.10 was digested in the small intestine. The bacterial fermentation of the isomalt flowing into the large intestine was indicated by a decreased faecal energy digestibility and a slight reduction in faecal dry matter and nitrogen digestibility. The retention of the minerals sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus was not influenced to any measurable extent when isomalt was fed.

scholarly journals Autotransplantacija slezine

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knezevic ◽  
D. Stefanovic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Djordjevic ◽  
Slavko Matic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Rupture ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rupture Of The Spleen ◽  
Previous Disease

Auto transplantation of the spleen can be performed in the patients with traumatic rupture of the spleen, in whom spleen could not be conserved in the other way. The right indication for this method is isolated rupture of the spleen (concvasation or complete devascularisation). This method is not recommended in the endangered patients, patients with previous disease of the spleen as well as in the patients with the perforation of the other abdominal organs at the same time. Auto transplantation was performed in 12 patients with isolated splenic rupture and hematoperitoneum, 11 men and one woman. The majority of patients are younger. In 8 patients, autotransplantat was placed into big omentum, in three into lipomatous tissue surrounding left kidney, and in one into anterior abdominal wall. In all the patients from this group, following analysis were taken: MCV (middle volume of erythrocytes), HTC, Hb, Le, Glucose, urea, creatinin, sodium, potassium, alkali phosphatasis, target cells, Howell Jolly's bodies, Heinz's bodies, IgG, IgA, igM, C3, C4, T3, T4, T8, B, segmentated, eosinophiles, lymphocytes, reticulocytes, thrombocytes, fibrinogen, PT, APTT, aggregation of thrombocytes and aggregation of thrombocytes on collagen. The same parameters were taken in 12 patients with surgery similar to splenectomy and in 12 after splenectomy. After splenectomy, there was decrease of the immunologic defending abilities of the organism because of the loss of the clirens function of the spleen, decreased level of the opsonines and tutsin, which leads to the impaired phagocytosis, decreased concentration of IgM and T and B lymphocytes, while in patients after auto transplantation the results were physiological. The most important thing in the assessment of the function of the autotransplantated spleen is scintigraphic investigation using 99mTc-denaturated red blood cells. In our study, auto transplant function was assessed in 10/12 patients by scintigraphy. Five years after surgery no one patient was proved to have postsplenectomic sepsis.

scholarly journals VI. An examination into the structure of the cells of the human lungs; with a view to ascertain the office they perform in respiration. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. V. P. R. S. Illustrated by microscopical drawings from the pencil of F. Bauer, Esq. F. R. S

1827 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge

No subject connected with physiological enquiry has more excited the attention of the anatomist and chemist, than respiration; but the association between this subject and animal heat, which has so long been supposed to exist, has led to the belief, for the last century, that both enquiries belong more particularly to chemistry than anatomy, and I may probably be considered as going out of my province in taking up this investigation. On the other hand, I see reason to believe that the process of respiration is in itself more simple than is imagined, and more within the reach of disco­very by means of accurate anatomical knowledge of the parts employed, than by means of acquaintance with the intricacies belonging to chemical affinities: I carry this so far as to contend that no explanation of respiration upon chemical principles is to be depended on, unless it accord in all respects with the anatomy and physiology of the lungs , by which the assumed process takes place. The present theory respecting respiration adopted by the chemists, is, that this process decarbonises the blood in the following manner; at every inspiration a compound of oxygen and nitrogen, mixed together, is received into the lungs, and in every expiration, the same volume is returned, measure for measure exactly, with this only difference, that what entered as oxygen is returned in the form of carbonic acid gas, which, according to their theory, proves that no part of the inspired atmospheric air has been retained in the lungs, but a quantity of carbon, equal to that of the oxygen inspired, has been extracted from the blood by the oxygen, making it become carbonic acid gas.

X-ray microanalysis of HeLa S3 cells. II. Analysis of elemental levels during the cell cycle

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
A. Warley ◽  
J. Stephen ◽  
A. Hockaday ◽  
T.C. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
The Other ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cation Concentration ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Hela S3 ◽  
Hela S3 Cells

HeLa S3 cells were synchronized using hydroxyurea. Cryoultramicrotomy and X-ray microanalysis were used to study changes occurring in concentrations of elements during the cell cycle of the synchronized cells. Three subcellular compartments were studied: cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. Potassium concentrations showed little fluctuation in all of the cell compartments during the cell cycle. Sodium concentrations increased during S. and M phases, returning to lower levels in the G1 phase. Chlorine concentrations were highest during the S and G2 phases. At all stages of the cell cycle respective concentrations of potassium, sodium, sulphur and chlorine were similar in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Concentrations of phosphorus increased in the nucleus during S, G2 and M, and also showed fluctuations in the nucleolus during the cycle; these were not seen in the cytoplasm. In S, M and M/G1 sodium concentrations were highest in the nucleolus compared with the other compartments. In the cytoplasm these changes resulted in an increase in total monovalent cation concentration (i.e. sodium + potassium) during S, G2 and M, which returned to base levels after mitosis. This increase in monovalent cation concentration is due almost entirely to the increase in sodium, with little change occurring in the concentration of potassium.

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