scholarly journals Releases of Asian houbara must respect genetic and geographic origin to preserve inherited migration behaviour: evidence from a translocation experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200250
Author(s):  
Robert J. Burnside ◽  
Claire Buchan ◽  
Daniel Salliss ◽  
Nigel J. Collar ◽  
Paul M. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Central Population ◽  
Migratory Strategies

Maintaining appropriate migratory strategies is important in conservation; however, translocations of migratory animals may alter locally evolved migration behaviours of recipient populations if these are different and heritable. We used satellite telemetry and experimental translocation to quantify differences and assess heritability in migration behaviours between three migratory Asian houbara ( Chlamydotis macqueenii ) breeding populations (640 km range across eastern, central and western Uzbekistan). Adults from the eastern population migrated twice as far (mean = 1184 km ± 44 s.e.) as the western population (656 km ± 183 s.e.) and showed significantly less variation in migration distance than the central population (1030 km ± 127 s.e.). The western and central populations wintered significantly further north (mean: +8.32° N ± 1.70 s.e. and +4.19° N ± 1.16 s.e., respectively) and the central population further west (−3.47° E ± 1.46 s.e.) than individuals from the eastern population. These differences could arise from a differing innate drive, or through learnt facultative responses to topography, filtered by survival. Translocated birds from the eastern population (wild-laid and captive-reared, n = 5) migrated further than adults from either western or central recipient populations, particularly in their second migration year. Translocated birds continued migrating south past suitable wintering grounds used by the recipient populations despite having to negotiate mountain obstacles. Together, this suggests a considerable conserved heritable migratory component with local adaptation at a fine geographic scale. Surviving translocated individuals returned to their release site, suggesting that continued translocations would lead to introgression of the heritable component and risk altering recipient migration patterns. Conservation biologists considering translocation interventions for migratory populations should evaluate potential genetic components of migratory behaviour.

scholarly journals Mercury and Stable Isotopes in Feathers Of Audouin's Gulls as Indicators of Feeding Habits and Migratory Connectivity

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Sanpera ◽  
Xavier Ruiz ◽  
Rocío Moreno ◽  
Lluís Jover ◽  
Susan Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Wintering Areas

Abstract To better understand migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations, we analyzed mercury (Hg) and stable isotope signatures of nitrogen (δ15N), carbon (δ13C), and sulfur (δ34S) in Audouin's Gulls (Larus audouinii) breeding in two different colonies, the Ebro Delta (northeastern Spain) and the Chafarinas Islands (southwestern Mediterranean). Although abundant information is available on the biology and trophic ecology of this gull's breeding populations, little is known about migration patterns, distribution in winter, or conditions faced during the nonbreeding period. Analyses were carried out on first primary feathers, grown during the summer while gulls are on the breeding grounds, and mantle feathers, grown during the winter. Different isotopic signatures (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) in summer (primary) feathers from each area agree with the observed differences in diet between the two colonies. In winter (mantle) feathers, isotopic signatures did not differ, consistent with a common wintering ground and common diet, although the lack of isotopic basemaps in marine systems precludes assignment to a geographical area of reference. Future research is needed to relate isotopic signatures and Hg values in mantle feathers to trophic ecology in wintering areas. Results for Hg indicate that the excretory role played by primary feathers precludes their use as indicators of trophic ecology.

The effect of adult feeding on female pre-calling period and ovarian development in a migratory moth, the Oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-ning Han ◽  
A. Gavin Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Oocyte Development ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Oriental Armyworm ◽  
Migratory Strategies

AbstractFemale oriental armyworm moths, Mythimna separata (Walker), emerged without discernible oocytes in the ovarioles, and reproductive maturity, on the criterion of onset of calling behaviour, was associated with an intermediate stage of oocyte development. Ingestion of carbohydrate was required for completion of oocyte development in the majority of females although a proportion matured when allowed only water. Among females kept alone, these were exclusively moths from a strain selected for early onset of calling but, in the presence of a male, a few females from an unselected line also called and achieved oocyte maturation, without access to carbohydrate. Thus factors other than ovarian development apparently influence the commencement of calling. The absence of an effect of carbohydrate uptake on pre-calling period supports a previous conclusion that this trait is determined primarily by genetic components in this species. It is concluded that ingestion of carbohydrate is important for the attainment of reproductive maturity in M. separata but that it has a differential effect in early and later-calling genotypes. The implications of the results for the reproductive and migratory strategies of M. separata, an important agricultural pest, are discussed.

scholarly journals Population specific annual cycles and migration strategies in a leap-frog migrant

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Hedh ◽  
Juliana Dänhardt ◽  
Anders Hedenström
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Migratory Population ◽  
Migratory Strategies ◽  
Specific Timing

Abstract A common migratory pattern in birds is that northerly breeding populations migrate to more southerly non-breeding sites compared to southerly breeding populations (leap-frog migration). Not only do populations experience differences in migration distances, but also different environmental conditions, which may vary spatiotemporally within their annual cycles, creating distinctive selective pressures and migratory strategies. Information about such adaptations is important to understand migratory drivers and evolution of migration patterns. We use light-level geolocators and citizen science data on regional spring arrivals to compare two populations of common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula breeding at different latitudes. We (1) describe and characterize the annual cycles and (2) test predictions regarding speed and timing of migration. The northern breeding population (NBP) wintered in Africa and the southern (SBP) mainly in Europe. The annual cycles were shifted temporally so that the NBP was always later in all stages. The SBP spent more than twice as long time in the breeding area, but there was no difference in winter. The NBP spent more time on migration in general. Spring migration speed was lower in the SBP compared to autumn speed of both populations, and there was no difference in autumn and spring speed in the NBP. We also found a larger variation in spring arrival times across years in the SBP. This suggests that a complex interaction of population specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season, and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory strategies. Significance statement Migration distance, climate, and the resulting composition of the annual cycle are expected to influence migration strategies and timing in birds. Testing theories regarding migration behaviours are challenging, and intraspecific comparisons over the full annual cycle are still rare. Here we compare the spatiotemporal distributions of two latitudinally separated populations of common ringed plovers using light-level geolocators. We found that there was a larger long-term variation in first arrival dates and that migration speed was slower only in spring in a temperate, short-distance migratory population, compared to an Arctic, long-distance migratory population. This suggests that a complex interaction of population specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory behaviours.

scholarly journals Forecasting Avian Migration Patterns using a Deep Bidirectional RNN Augmented with an Auxiliary Task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Owoeye
Keyword(s):  
Bird Migration ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cathartes Aura ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Building Models ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Better Than

Early forecasting of bird migration patterns has important application for example in reducing avian biodiversity loss. An estimated 100 million to 1 billion birds are known to die yearly during migration due to fatal collisions with human made infrastructures such as buildings, high tension lines, wind turbines and aircrafts thus raising a huge concern for conservationists. Building models that can forecast accurate migration patterns is therefore important to enable the optimal management of these critical infrastructures with the sole aim of reducing biodiversity loss. While previous works have largely focused on the task of forecasting migration intensities and the onset of just one migration state, predicting several migration states at even finer granularity is more useful towards optimally managing the infrastructures that causes these deaths. In this work, we consider the task of forecasting migration patterns of the popular Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) collected with the aid of satellite telemetry for multiple years at a resolution of one hour. We use a deep Bidirectional-GRU recurrent neural network augmented with an auxiliary task where the state information of one layer is used to initialise the other. Empirical results on a variety of experiments with our approach show we can accurately forecast migration up to one week in advance performing better than a variety of baselines.

scholarly journals International migration patterns of Red-throated Loons (Gavia stellata) from four breeding populations in Alaska

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0189954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. McCloskey ◽  
Brian D. Uher-Koch ◽  
Joel A. Schmutz ◽  
Thomas F. Fondell
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Breeding Populations

Is translocation of stock-raiding leopards into a protected area with resident conspecifics an effective management tool?

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Weilenmann ◽  
Markus Gusset ◽  
David R. Mills ◽  
Tefo Gabanapelo ◽  
Monika Schiess-Meier
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Ranging Behaviour ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Lethal Management

ContextTranslocation as a non-lethal management tool to eliminate individual ‘problem’ animals is commonly used but rarely evaluated. AimWe sought to evaluate whether translocating stock-raiding leopards (Panthera pardus) into a protected area with resident conspecifics in Botswana is effective in dealing with ‘problem’ carnivores. MethodsWe assessed release-site fidelity, ranging behaviour, individual survival and reduction of conflict after translocation of four translocated leopards in relation to four resident conspecifics, which were tracked from 24 days up to 4 years. Key resultsNone of the translocated leopards showed release-site fidelity; they either returned to the trap site or showed extensive roaming behaviour after release. Three of the four translocated leopards reportedly resumed stock-raiding and were shot when ranging outside of protected areas, which apparently was a consequence of being released into an area already occupied by territorial conspecifics. On the basis of satellite telemetry, the linear movement distance of one translocated leopard (1249 km) and the range size of three resident female leopards (513 ± 124 km2) are the largest on record. ConclusionsFrom comparing the survival and ranging behaviour of translocated leopards with that of resident conspecifics, we conclude that translocation was not an effective management tool for dealing with stock-raiding leopards in our study. ImplicationsRather than translocating ‘problem’ carnivores, efforts should focus on reducing the potential for problems to develop, most importantly on improving livestock-husbandry practices.

Influence of geographic origin on post-stocking survival and condition of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a small river

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Turek ◽  
Vladimír Žlábek ◽  
Josef Velíšek ◽  
Pavel Lepič ◽  
Daniel Červený ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Distant Source ◽  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
European Grayling ◽  
Final Weight

The post-release survival and condition of 1+ year old European grayling Thymallus thymallus reared in a local (Husinec) and two 250–300 km distant, hatcheries (Pardubice and Hynčice) were evaluated by the recapture of tagged fish five months after release into the Blanice River, Czech Republic, the fish population of which was depleted by cormorant predation during several previous winters. The fish were marked using Visible Implant Elastomer tags and released into six sites along the river in May 2014: 100 locally sourced fish and 100 of a strain from a distant source per site. Significantly higher recapture of Husinec (33%) than Pardubice (20%) was found at one site but was offset by results in the remaining two sites into which they were stocked. Significantly higher site fidelity was shown by Husinec (12%) than Hynčice (7%) fish in the three sites. Lower initial weight and condition factor of the Husinec fish was equal to or higher than fish from the distant hatcheries at recapture. Some differences in final weight, length, and condition factor were found among groups regardless of release site. Lower recapture rate, growth, and condition were displayed in fish released into the three downstream sites (Husinec 1 and Hynčice). The results indicated the potential for successful use of non-autochthonous stock for grayling population recovery.

scholarly journals Identification of Source Population for Greenland Canada Geese: Genetic Assessment of a Recent Colonization

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-782
Author(s):  
Kim T. Scribner ◽  
Richard A. Malecki ◽  
Bruce D. J. Batt ◽  
Rainy L. Inman ◽  
Scot Libants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North American ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Atlantic Population ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

AbstractWe used microsatellite markers, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and satellite telemetry to infer the North American geographic origin and racial composition of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) from newly colonized habitats in Greenland. Using likelihood-based assignment tests we determined that multilocus genotypes of Greenland Canada Geese were consistent with the hypothesis of origin from birds of the Atlantic Population breeding around southern Ungava Bay, Quebec, Canada. The Atlantic Population, based on previous studies of seasonal movements and demography, appeared to be reproductively isolated from the North Atlantic Population. We found that these two populations were genetically differentiated based on microsatellite allele and mtDNA haplotype frequencies. Findings of high levels of genetic discordance among North American breeding populations are consistent with migratory movements, despite high levels of distributional overlap of birds from the North Atlantic and Atlantic Populations during migration and on wintering areas. Findings based on genetic markers were concordant with satellite telemetry conducted during spring migration, which showed that birds destined for Greenland migrate through the southern Ungava Bay breeding colony. Genetic differences among these populations are useful for addressing other issues of ecological or management concern.Identificación de la Población Fuente de los Gansos Branta canadensis de Groenlandia: Evaluación Genética de una Colonización RecienteResumen. Utilizamos marcadores microsatélites, ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt), y telemetría de satélite para inferir el origen geográfico en Norte América y la composición racial de los gansos Branta canadensis en hábitats recientemente colonizados en Groenlandia. Mediante pruebas de asignación basadas en verosimilitud, determinamos que los genotipos multilocus de los gansos de Groenlandia eran consistentes con la hipótesis de origen de aves de la población del Atlántico que se reproduce alrededor del sur de Ungava Bay, Quebec, Canadá. Con base en estudios previos de movimientos estacionales y demografía, la población del Atlántico pareció estar aislada reproductivamente de la población del Atlántico Norte. Encontramos que estas dos poblaciones son genéticamente diferentes en términos de frecuencias alélicas de microsatélites y haplotipos de ADNmt. El hallazgo de altos niveles de discordancia genética entre poblaciones reproductivas norteamericanas es consistente con los movimientos migratorios, a pesar de los altos niveles de superposición de las distribuciones de aves de las poblaciones del Atlántico y el Atlántico Norte durante la migración y en las áreas de invernada. Los resultados basados en los marcadores genéticos concordaron con la telemetría satelital llevada a cabo durante la migración de primavera, la cual mostró que las aves con destino a Groenlandia migran a través del sur de la colonia reproductiva de Ungava Bay. Las diferencias genéticas entre estas poblaciones son útiles para abordar otros asuntos de interés ecológico o de manejo.

Genetic Components of Yield Stability in Maize Breeding Populations

Crop Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 2018-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Lee ◽  
T. K. Doerksen ◽  
L. W. Kannenberg
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stability ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Breeding Populations
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