scholarly journals Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Duan ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Mingmei Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
High Concentrations

This study illustrated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus and recycle of nutrients in wastewater combined with inorganic carbon under autotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated under different conditions by adding sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) at 15–40 mg l −1 separately in wastewater containing high nitrogen and phosphorus content. The growth characteristics of S. obliquus , pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes of microalgae liquid, the recycle rate of ammonia and phosphorus and lipid content were determined. The changes of pH and DIC showed that S. obliquus could use Na 2 CO 3 to grow, with lipid contents of 18–25%. Among all Na 2 CO 3 concentrations, 20 mg l −1 was the optimum, of which S. obliquus had the highest NH 3 -N recycle of 52% and P O 4 3 – P recycle of 67%. By the 14th day, its biomass production also reaches the maximum of 0.21 g l −1 . However, inorganic carbon fixation rate was inversely proportional to its concentration. Moreover, the biomass was in positive correlation with the Na 2 CO 3 concentration except 20 mg l −1 , which provided a possibility that S. obliquus could be acclimatized to adjust to high concentrations of inorganic carbon to promote biomass accumulation and recycle of nutrients.

Bicarbonate uptake rates and diversity of RuBisCO genes in saline lake sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beichen Wang ◽  
Jianrong Huang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Hongchen Jiang ◽  
Haiyi Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Bicarbonate Uptake ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT There is limited knowledge of microbial carbon fixation rate, and carbon-fixing microbial abundance and diversity in saline lakes. In this study, the inorganic carbon uptake rates and carbon-fixing microbial populations were investigated in the surface sediments of lakes with a full range of salinity from freshwater to salt saturation. The results showed that in the studied lakes light-dependent bicarbonate uptake contributed substantially (>70%) to total bicarbonate uptake, while the contribution of dark bicarbonate uptake (1.35–25.17%) cannot be ignored. The light-dependent bicarbonate uptake rates were significantly correlated with pH and turbidity, while dark bicarbonate uptake rates were significantly influenced by dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, temperature and salinity. Carbon-fixing microbial populations using the Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway were widespread in the studied lakes, and they were dominated by the cbbL and cbbM gene types affiliated with Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, respectively. The cbbL and cbbM gene abundance and population structures were significantly affected by different environmental variables, with the cbbL and cbbM genes being negatively correlated with salinity and organic carbon concentration, respectively. In summary, this study improves our knowledge of the abundance, diversity and function of carbon-fixing microbial populations in the lakes with a full range of salinity.

scholarly journals Insights into Biodegradation Related Metabolism in an Abnormally Low Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifer by Metagenomics Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Cai ◽  
Zhuo Ning ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Caijuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Contaminated Aquifers ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

In petroleum-contaminated aquifers, biodegradation is always associated with various types of microbial metabolism. It can be classified as autotrophic (such as methanogenic and other carbon fixation) and heterotrophic (such as nitrate/sulfate reduction and hydrocarbon consumption) metabolism. For each metabolic type, there are several key genes encoding the reaction enzymes, which can be identified by metagenomics analysis. Based on this principle, in an abnormally low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) petroleum-contaminated aquifer in North China, nine groundwater samples were collected along the groundwater flow, and metagenomics analysis was used to discover biodegradation related metabolism by key genes. The major new finding is that autotrophic metabolism was revealed, and, more usefully, we attempt to explain the reasons for abnormally low DIC. The results show that the methanogenesis gene, Mcr, was undetected but more carbon fixation genes than nitrate reduction and sulfate genes were found. This suggests that there may be a considerable number of autotrophic microorganisms that cause the phenomenon of low concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in contaminated areas. The metagenomics data also revealed that most heterotrophic, sulfate, and nitrate reduction genes in the aquifer were assimilatory sulfate and dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes. Although there was limited dissolved oxygen, aerobic degrading genes AlkB and Cdo were more abundant than anaerobic degrading genes AssA and BssA. The metagenomics information can enrich our microorganic knowledge about petroleum-contaminated aquifers and provide basic data for further bioremediation.

scholarly journals CO2 Uptake and Fixation by Endosymbiotic Chemoautotrophs from the Bivalve Solemya velum

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Scott ◽  
Colleen M. Cavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Solemya Velum ◽  
Influence Of Ph

ABSTRACT Chemoautotrophic symbioses, in which endosymbiotic bacteria are the major source of organic carbon for the host, are found in marine habitats where sulfide and oxygen coexist. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of pH, alternate sulfur sources, and electron acceptors on carbon fixation and to investigate which form(s) of inorganic carbon is taken up and fixed by the gamma-proteobacterial endosymbionts of the protobranch bivalve Solemya velum. Symbiont-enriched suspensions were generated by homogenization of S. velum gills, followed by velocity centrifugation to pellet the symbiont cells. Carbon fixation was measured by incubating the cells with 14C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon. When oxygen was present, both sulfide and thiosulfate stimulated carbon fixation; however, elevated levels of either sulfide (>0.5 mM) or oxygen (1 mM) were inhibitory. In the absence of oxygen, nitrate did not enhance carbon fixation rates when sulfide was present. Symbionts fixed carbon most rapidly between pH 7.5 and 8.5. Under optimal pH, sulfide, and oxygen conditions, symbiont carbon fixation rates correlated with the concentrations of extracellular CO2 and not with HCO3 − concentrations. The half-saturation constant for carbon fixation with respect to extracellular dissolved CO2 was 28 � 3 μM, and the average maximal velocity was 50.8 � 7.1 μmol min−1 g of protein−1. The reliance of S. velum symbionts on extracellular CO2 is consistent with their intracellular lifestyle, since HCO3 − utilization would require protein-mediated transport across the bacteriocyte membrane, perisymbiont vacuole membrane, and symbiont outer and inner membranes. The use of CO2 may be a general trait shared with many symbioses with an intracellular chemoautotrophic partner.

Phytoplankton Biogeochemical Cycles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The North ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

This chapter describes how the activity of phytoplankton, bacteria, and Archaea drive the marine biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and how climate driven changes in plankton abundance and community composition influence these biogeochemical cycles in the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are essential elements required for all life on Earth. In the marine environment, dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are utilized during phytoplankton growth to form organic material, which is respired and remineralized back to inorganic forms by the activity of bacteria, Archaea, and zooplankton. The net result of the photosynthesis, calcification, and respiration of marine plankton is the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, its sequestration to the deep ocean as organic and inorganic carbon, and its availability to fuel all fish and shellfish production.

Photosynthesis in the Aquatic Macrophyte Egeria densa. II. Effects of Inorganic Carbon Conditions on 14C Fixation

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Browse ◽  
JMA Brown ◽  
FI Dromgoole
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Time Courses

In short-term labelling experiments, tripling the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TIC) did not significantly increase the high rates of 14C fixation reported in an earlier paper [19.0 μmol C (g dry wt)-1 min-1 at pH 6.8, [TIC] = 1 mM]. However, either decreasing [TIC] or increasing the pH caused the fixation rate to fall markedly. Thus at pH 6.8, [TIC] = 38 μM and pH 10.2, [TIC] = 1.0 mM, photosynthesis was 2.3 and 1.3 μmol g-1 min-1, respectively. Time courses of the distribution of photosynthetic intermediates indicated that the Calvin cycle remained the predominant pathway of carbon fixation, irrespective of the ambient conditions of TIC and pH. When the rate of photosynthesis was reduced by decreasing [TIC] or increasing pH, the proportion (but not the absolute amount) of label found in malate increased. At pH 6.8, [TIC] = 2.9 mM, μ-carboxylation accounted for only 2.7% of the total carbon fixed, compared with 9% at air levels of CO2 (pH 4.5, [TIC] = 13 μM). Egeria does not appear to exhibit C4 photosynthesis under any of the conditions studied, but malate may be a significant product of photosynthesis whenever the fixation rate is reduced by carbon availability.

scholarly journals Apports En Carbone Et Azote Dans Le Fleuve Niger À Tondibia (Niamey) : Résultats De Deux (2) Ans D’observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Alhou B ◽  
Issiaka Boukari ◽  
Darchambeau F.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrographic Regions

The Niger River is the third more important river in Africa and drains a surface of about 2,120,000 km². It includes six hydrographic regions representing West African ecosystems. Despite the importance of this river at the regional and continental scale, little information has been collected on its biogeochemical characteristics and particularly on its role in the transportation and the transformation of matter (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus). This study present the results of two years investigation, April 2011 to March 2013 in the middle Niger, upstream Niamey (Niger) city [2.01° E, 13.57° N], according to a bi-weekly observation frequency. The variables measured are temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended matter, dissolved inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and particulars organics C and N as well as isotopic composition of these elements. Daily discharges of the river come from hydrologic station measurement of the Niger authority Basin (NBA) at Niamey city. Hydrologic situation was strongly contrasted between the 2 years of survey. The mean discharge of the first year was only 673 m3 s-1 (one of the weakest discharge recorded on the river Niger at Niamey since 1940), while the mean discharge of the second year was 1,096 m3 s-1. Our results show that suspended matter, particular organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon are transported mainly during the local flood, induced by precipitations in July and August. The second flood (Guinean flood) which occurred, during November to January, is characterized by low temperatures and clean waters.

Diurnal Variation of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and its Use in Estimating Primary Production and CO2 Invasion in Lake 227

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler ◽  
E. J. Fee
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Tracer Techniques

Standard in situ measurements of phytoplankton production and 14C bottle bioassays gave erroneous results when applied to lake 227, a eutrophic softwater lake in the Canadian Shield. Errors were found to be due to diurnal variations in the degree of carbon limitation of phytoplankton, and to invasion of CO2 from the atmosphere and hypolimnion.A method based on diurnal measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, community respiration, and invasion of CO2, using gas chromatography, is described. Production by phytoplankton in lakes fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus was found to be several times higher than in natural lakes of the area. Net production during summer stratification was found to equal invasion of CO2 from the atmosphere.The new technique should have application in other eutrophic low carbon lakes, where 14C tracer techniques are encumbered by serious technical complications.

scholarly journals Elevated Root-Zone Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Alters Plant Nutrition of Lettuce and Pepper Grown Hydroponically and Aeroponically

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Leibar-Porcel ◽  
Martin R. McAinsh ◽  
Ian C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Enhancing root-zone (RZ) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) levels of plants grown hydroponically and aeroponically can increase biomass accumulation but may also alter plant nutrient uptake. These experiments investigated how bicarbonate (HCO3−) added to a hydroponic nutrient solution and CO2 gas added to an aeroponic system affected biomass and nutrient concentrations of lettuce and pepper plants. Applying high RZ HCO3− concentrations (20 mM) to lettuce plants grown hydroponically decreased foliar N, P, Cu, K, Mn and Zn concentrations, concurrent with decreased biomass accumulation (50% less than control plants). On the contrary, 1 mM RZ HCO3− promoted biomass accumulation (10% more than control plants), but this could not be attributed to higher tissue nutrient concentrations. While elevated RZ CO2 did not alter biomass accumulation and nutrient concentrations in pepper grown aeroponically, it decreased foliar Mg and S concentrations in lettuce grown aeroponically even though nutrient contents (concentration x biomass) did not differ between treatments, due to 22% more biomass than control plants. In addition, elevated RZ CO2 enhanced N, P, Cu and Zn contents relative to control plants, indicating greater uptake of those elements. Nevertheless, there was no consistent relationship between plant growth promotion and altered plant nutrition, suggesting alternative mechanisms of growth regulation.

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