scholarly journals Algorithm for a particle-based growth model for plant tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 181127
Author(s):  
Joost H. J. van Opheusden ◽  
Jaap Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Bonded Particles ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Local Nature ◽  
Number Of Cells

We have developed an algorithm for a particle-based model for the growth of plant tissues in three dimensions in which each cell is represented by a single particle, and connecting cell walls are represented as permanent bonds between particles. A sample of plant tissue is represented by a fixed network of bonded particles. If, and only if a cell divides, this network is updated locally. The update algorithm is implemented in a model where cell growth and division gives rise to forces between the cells, which are relaxed in steepest descent minimization. The same forces generate a pressure inside the cells, which moderates growth. The local nature of the algorithm makes it efficient computationally, so the model can deal with a large number of cells. We used the model to study the growth of plant tissues for a variety of model parameters, to show the viability of the algorithm.

scholarly journals Pola Pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa untuk Retting-Embun Serat Kasar pada Tanaman Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Eka Prasetyowati ◽  
Ahmad Syauqi ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
A Cell ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Number Of Cells

Sansivieria trifasciata has a cell wall consisting of high cellulose components which are reinforced by lignin, pectin and hemicellulose. Separation of fibers from bonds that strengthen fibers is still a major problem because the cell walls that are owned are very strong and stiff. In the activity of separating selolusa fiber there needs to be a process called retting. Residues from the retting process with chemicals can pollute the environment, separation by mechanical means produces fibers that are still rigid, and with soaking requires a lot of water and causes odor. The purpose of this study is how long the Pseudomonas earuginosa used can show cell proliferation; get a graph of growth patterns in Sansevieria trifasciata leaf preparations by adding nutrients and fiber quality from dew retting. This study uses an experimental method; there are 2 treatments, namely the addition of nutrition and without nutrition with 6 replications time 5 days, 10, days, 15 days, 20 days and 30 days. The results of this study were the number of treated cells with the addition of nutrients and without the addition of nutrients experiencing the lag phase of the 5th to 10th day and the exponential phase starting from the 10th day to the 30th day. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can soften the cell wall with dew-retting ability obtained by 3.0 nutritional treatment scores and a score of 1.5 treatments without nutrition. In the regression analysis  ≥ , where there is a significant influence between the number of cells per unit and the addition of nutrients and without the addition of nutrients. Keywords: growth pattern, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coarse fiber, Sansevieria trifasciata ABSTRAK Sansivieria trifasciata memiliki dinding sel yang terdiri dari komponen selulosa tinggi yang diperkuat oleh lignin, pektin dan hemiselulosa. Pemisahan serat dari ikatan yang memperkuat serat masih menjadi masalah utama karena dinding sel yang dimiliki sangat kuat dan kaku. Dalam kegiatan pemisahan serat selolusa perlu adanya proses yang dinamakan retting. Residu dari proses retting dengan bahan kimia dapat mencemari lingkungan, pemisahan dengan cara mekanik menghasilkan serat yang masih kaku, dan dengan perendaman membutuhkan air yang cukup banyak serta menimbulkan bau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah berapa lama Pseudomonas earuginosa yang digunakan dapat menunjukkan perkembangbiakan sel, mendapatkan grafik pola pertumbuhan pada sediaan daun Sansevieria trifasciata dengan penambahan nutrisi dan kualitas serat dari retting-embun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, terdapat 2 perlakuan yaitu penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa nutrisi dengan 6 ulangan waktu 5 hari, 10, hari, 15 hari, 20 hari dan 30 hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini jumlah sel perlakuan dengan penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa penambahan nutrisi mengalami fase lag hari ke-5 sampai hari ke-10 dan fase eksponensial dimulai dari hari ke-10 sampai hari ke-30. Pseudomonas aeruginosa dapat melunakkan dinding sel dengan kemampuan retting-embun diperoleh skor 3,0 perlakuan nutrisi dan skor 1,5 parlakuan tanpa nutrisi. Pada analisa regresi  ≥ , dimana adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara jumlah sel setiap unitnya dengan penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa penambahan nutrisi. Kata kunci: Pola Pertumbuhan, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serat Kasar dan Sansevieria trifasciata

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

QLB for Quantum Many-Body and Quantum Field Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Succi
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Quantum Particles

Chapter 32 expounded the basic theory of quantum LB for the case of relativistic and non-relativistic wavefunctions, namely single-particle quantum mechanics. This chapter goes on to cover extensions of the quantum LB formalism to the overly challenging arena of quantum many-body problems and quantum field theory, along with an appraisal of prospective quantum computing implementations. Solving the single particle Schrodinger, or Dirac, equation in three dimensions is a computationally demanding task. This task, however, pales in front of the ordeal of solving the Schrodinger equation for the quantum many-body problem, namely a collection of many quantum particles, typically nuclei and electrons in a given atom or molecule.

scholarly journals Putrescine, a Cell Growth Factor

Nature ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 235 (5338) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Overview of Popular Techniques of Raman Spectroscopy and Their Potential in the Study of Plant Tissues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Aneta Saletnik ◽  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Czesław Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Technique

Raman spectroscopy is one of the main analytical techniques used in optical metrology. It is a vibration, marker-free technique that provides insight into the structure and composition of tissues and cells at the molecular level. Raman spectroscopy is an outstanding material identification technique. It provides spatial information of vibrations from complex biological samples which renders it a very accurate tool for the analysis of highly complex plant tissues. Raman spectra can be used as a fingerprint tool for a very wide range of compounds. Raman spectroscopy enables all the polymers that build the cell walls of plants to be tracked simultaneously; it facilitates the analysis of both the molecular composition and the molecular structure of cell walls. Due to its high sensitivity to even minute structural changes, this method is used for comparative tests. The introduction of new and improved Raman techniques by scientists as well as the constant technological development of the apparatus has resulted in an increased importance of Raman spectroscopy in the discovery and defining of tissues and the processes taking place in them.

scholarly journals Organismal view of a plant and a plant cell.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
The Status ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Biological Organisation

Cell walls are at the basis of a structural, four-dimensional framework of plant form and growth time. Recent rapid progress of cell wall research has led to the situation where the old, long-lasting juxtaposition: "living" protoplast--"dead" cell wall, had to be dropped. Various attempts of re-interpretation cast, however, some doubts over the very nature of plant cell and the status of the walls within such a cell. Following a comparison of exocellular matrices of plants and animals, their position in relation to cells and organisms is analysed. A multitude of perspectives of the biological organisation of living beings is presented with particular attention paid to the cellular and organismal theories. Basic tenets and resulting corollaries of both theories are compared, and evolutionary and developmental implications are considered. Based on these data, "The Plant Body"--an organismal concept of plants and plant cells is described.

scholarly journals Síndrome de Burnout asociado a los factores demográficos en una empresa de telefonía celular

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
María Antonieta Andrade Vallejo ◽  
Esteban Martínez Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Temporary Employees ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Military ◽  
Area Health

RESUMEN El Síndrome de Agotamiento Profesional (Síndrome de Burnout) se ha tratado en diversos estudios, en el ámbito militar, del sector salud, en estudios de género, etc. Esta investigación se planteó el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento del síndrome de agotamiento profesional, asociado a los factores demográficos, en una empresa de servicios (telefonía celular), en el área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Se administró el MBI-GS1 a una muestra representativa de cada grupo de trabajadores (permanentes y eventuales) que se encontraban laborando en esta empresa. Este instrumento evalúa las tres dimensiones de Burnout (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja autorrealización en su trabajo), asociadas a los factores demográficos, que permita al directivo o administrador tomar decisiones en torno al personal, cuando éstos estén evidenciando agotamiento profesional.Palabras clave: agotamiento profesional, agotamiento emocional, despersonalización, baja autorrealización, factores demográficos, sector servicios.Burnout Syndrome associated with demographic factors on a cell phone company ABSTRACT Professional Exhaustion Syndrome (Burnout Syndrome) has been processed in different works such as the military area, health sector, gender studies, etc. This research’s objective is to define the behavior of the burnout syndrome associated with demographic factors, in a services Company (cellphone company), in Mexico City metropolitan area . The MBI-GS was given to a representative sample of each group (permanent and temporary) employees, from the company. This assesment tool evaluates the three dimensions of Burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low self-realization at work), these associated to demographic factors, allowing the manager or administrator to make decisions about workers, where they are showing burnout.Keywords: Burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low self-realization, demographic, services sector.Síndrome de Burnout associado com fatores demográficos numa empresa de telefonia móvel RESUMOA Síndrome de Esgotamento Profissional (Síndrome de Burnout) foi abordada em diversos estudos, nas forças armadas, do setor de saúde, em estudos de gênero, etc. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o comportamento da síndrome de esgotamento profissional, associado aos fatores demográficos, numa empresa de serviços, (telefone celular), na área Metropolitana da Cidade do México. Administrou-se o MBI-GS a uma amostra representativa a cada grupo de trabalhadores (permanentes e eventuais), que se encontravam trabalhando nesta empresa. Este instrumento avalia as três dimensões do Burnout (esgotamento emocional, despersonalização e baixa auto realização no seu trabalho) associadas aos fatores demográficos, que permita ao diretivo ou administrador, a toma de decisões sobre o pessoal, quando estes estejam evidenciando esgotamento profissional.Palavras-chave: esgotamento profissional, esgotamento emocional, despersonalização, baixa auto realização, fatores demográficos, setor de serviços.

scholarly journals Secretion of Cryparin, a Fungal Hydrophobin

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5431-5435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. McCabe ◽  
Neal K. Van Alfen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Secretory Vesicle ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT Cryparin is a cell-surface-associated hydrophobin of the filamentous ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica. This protein contains a signal peptide that directs it to the vesicle-mediated secretory pathway. We detected a glycosylated form of cryparin in a secretory vesicle fraction, but secreted forms of this protein are not glycosylated. This glycosylation occurred in the proprotein region, which is cleaved during maturation by a Kex2-like serine protease, leaving a mature form of cryparin that could be isolated from both the cell wall and culture medium. Pulse-chase labeling experiments showed that cryparin was secreted through the cell wall, without being bound, into the culture medium. The secreted protein then binds to the cell walls ofC. parasitica, where it remains. Binding of cryparin to the cell wall occurred in submerged culture, presumably because of the lectin-like properties unique to this hydrophobin. Thus, the binding of this hydrophobin to the cell wall is different from that of other hydrophobins which are reported to require a hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface for assembly.

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