scholarly journals Analysing the effect of paddy rice variety on fluorescence characteristics for nitrogen application monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 180485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyong Shen ◽  
Zhongke Feng ◽  
Daoqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
The Relationship

Paddy rice is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, so it is very important to accurately monitor its growth status and photosynthetic efficiency. The nitrogen (N) level is a key factor closely related to crop growth. In this study, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology combined with multi-variate analysis was applied to investigate the effect of paddy rice variety on N fertilizer level monitoring. Principal components analysis was conducted to extract the variables of the main fluorescence characteristics to identify N levels. Experimental results demonstrated that no nitrogen fertilizer can be completely identified for each paddy rice variety. In addition, other N levels can also be well classified based on the fluorescence characteristics. The relationship between the fluorescence ratio (F735/F685 : F735, and F685 denote the fluorescence intensity at 735 nm, and 685 nm, respectively) and leaf N content of different paddy rice varieties is also discussed. Experimental results revealed that LIF technology is an effective method of monitoring the N fertilizer and leaf biochemical components of paddy rice.

scholarly journals Development of Paddy Rice Seed Classification Process using Machine Learning Techniques for Automatic Grading Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kantip Kiratiratanapruk ◽  
Pitchayagan Temniranrat ◽  
Wasin Sinthupinyo ◽  
Panintorn Prempree ◽  
Kosom Chaitavon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Learning Techniques

To increase productivity in agricultural production, speed, and accuracy is the key requirement for long-term economic growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. Traditional manual paddy rice seed classification operations are costly and unreliable because human decisions in identifying objects and issues are inconsistent, subjective, and slow. Machine vision technology provides an alternative for automated processes, which are nondestructive, cost-effective, fast, and accurate techniques. In this work, we presented a study that utilized machine vision technology to classify 14 Oryza sativa rice varieties. Each cultivar used over 3,500 seed samples, a total of close to 50,000 seeds. There were three main processes, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and rice variety classification. We started the first process using a seed orientation method that aligned the seed bodies in the same direction. Next, a quality screening method was applied to detect unusual physical seed samples. Their physical information including shape, color, and texture properties was extracted to be data representations for the classification. Four methods (LR, LDA, k-NN, and SVM) of statistical machine learning techniques and five pretrained models (VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2) on deep learning techniques were applied for the classification performance comparison. In our study, the rice dataset were classified in both subgroups and collective groups for studying ambiguous relationships among them. The best accuracy was obtained from the SVM method at 90.61%, 82.71%, and 83.9% in subgroups 1 and 2 and the collective group, respectively, while the best accuracy on the deep learning techniques was at 95.15% from InceptionResNetV2 models. In addition, we showed an improvement in the overall performance of the system in terms of data qualities involving seed orientation and quality screening. Our study demonstrated a practical design of rice classification using machine vision technology.

Pengaruh Pengelolaan Hara NPK Terhadap Ketersediaan N Dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) Di Desa Waelo Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Soplanit ◽  
Siti H Nukuhaly
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
N Content ◽  
Leaf N Content

This study was conducted in Waelo Village, Waeapo Subdistrict, Buru District, with the objectives to determine N fertilizer application timing to increase rice yield and to understand the response of two rice varieties commonly grown in Waeapo. The experimental method used in this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design, with several fertilization treatments (NPK, NK,NP, PK and control), and rice varieties (Membramo and Mekongga), and with three replications. The results showed that administration of N fertilizer (NP, NK, NPK) gave significant effects on plant height, leaf color, full grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight, dry grain yield, soil N content and leaf N content;  meanwhile it did not affect soil reaction (pH). A low rice yield was obtained in the treatment without N fertilizer, with 2.50 kg dry grain yield per plot and PK treatment with 2.78 kg  dry grain yield per plot.

scholarly journals Modified Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Increasing Rice Variety Tolerance toward Submergence Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gribaldi Gribaldi ◽  
Nurlaili Nurlaili ◽  
Nurmala Dewi ◽  
Ekawati Danial ◽  
Firnawati Sakalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Submergence Stress

This research was conducted from July to October 2015, using Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors and three replications for each treatment. The first factor was rice varieties (V): V1 = IR 64; V2 = Inpara 5. The second factor was fertilizer (N): N0: without submergence, all N fertilizer was given during planting; N1: all N fertilizer dose was given during planting; and N2: 1/2 dose of N fertilizer was given during planting; the rest was given at 42 days after planting. The submergence was during 7–14 days after planting; N3 = the entire dose of N fertilizer that was given during planting, N4 = 1/2 the dose of N fertilizer that was given during planting, and the rest was given at 42 days after planting. The submergence was during 7–14 and 28–35 days after planting. The results showed that the management of nitrogen fertilizer application had effect on rice growth and production which experienced dirty water submergence stress; the application of 1/2 dose of N fertilizer given during planting had the best effect on rice growth and production; the longer the submergence period for rice variety, the higher the effect on rice growth and production.

Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kataoka ◽  
BJ Venn ◽  
SM Williams ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
IM Heemels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Glucose Curve

Aims: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese ethnicity and examined possible determinants of ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia. Methods: Self-identified Chinese (n = 32) and European (n = 31) healthy volunteers attended on eight occasions for studies following ingestion of glucose and jasmine, basmati, brown, Doongara® and parboiled rice. In addition to measuring glycaemic response, we investigated physical activity levels, extent of chewing of rice and salivary α-amylase activity to determine whether these measures explained any differences in postprandial glycaemia. Results: Glycaemic response, measured by incremental area under the glucose curve, was over 60% greater for the five rice varieties (P < 0.001) and 39% greater for glucose (P < 0.004) amongst Chinese compared with Europeans. The calculated glycaemic index was approximately 20% greater for rice varieties other than basmati (P = 0.01 to 0.05). Ethnicity [adjusted risk ratio 1.4 (1.2-1.8) P < 0.001] and rice variety were the only important determinants of incremental area under the glucose curve. Conclusions: Glycaemic responses following ingestion of glucose and several rice varieties are appreciably greater in Chinese compared with Europeans, suggesting the need to review recommendations regarding dietary carbohydrate amongst rice-eating populations at high risk of diabetes. © 2012 Diabetes UK.

Parasites and promiscuity: Acute disease salience leads to more restricted sexual attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110309
Author(s):  
James B. Moran ◽  
Nicholas Kerry ◽  
Jin X. Goh ◽  
Damian R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity

How does disease threat influence sexual attitudes and behaviors? Although research on the influence of disease threat on social behavior has grown considerably, the relationship between perceived disease threat and sexual attitudes remains unclear. The current preregistered study (analyzed N = 510), investigated how experimental reminders of disease threat influence attitudes and anticipated future behaviors pertaining to short-term sexual relationships, using an ecologically valid disease prime. The central preregistered prediction was that experimental manipulation of disease threat would lead to less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward sexual promiscuity. Results were consistent with this preregistered prediction, relative to both a neutral control condition and a non-disease threat condition. These experimental results were buttressed by the finding that dispositional variation in worry about disease threat predicted less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward short-term sexual relationships. This study represents the first preregistered investigation of the implications of acute disease threat for sexual attitudes.

scholarly journals Tailoring rice varieties to consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage: Lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110197
Author(s):  
Kofi Britwum ◽  
Matty Demont
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Locally Grown

Rice breeding priorities in Africa often focus on agronomic gains. However, being a net importer of rice, the continent’s varietal replacement success also crucially hinges on new varieties’ market competitiveness vis-à-vis imports. Markets have been profoundly shaped by cultural and colonial heritage. Indigenous preferences for African rice can be traced back to ancient rice domestication and have been subsequently influenced by Asian rice import standards as a result of colonial import substitution policies. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) crosses between African and Asian rice species have the potential to reconcile these dual indigenous/import preferences, but little is known about their market competitiveness. We use auction market data to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic consumer value of NERICA in The Gambia relative to two market standards: branded, Asian rice imports and the most popular locally grown Asian rice variety. We categorize rice consumers into four market segments, based on their heritage as evidenced by their preferences and genealogical lineages. NERICA outperforms both Asian rice standards in terms of market competitiveness, and its value is further reinforced by colonial heritage and labeling, but somewhat weakened by cultural heritage. Consumers were found to pay price premiums for NERICA in the range of 5% to 22% relative to Asian rice imports, with the highest premiums offered by consumers with colonial heritage, representing 86% of the sample. Maintaining and expanding this market will require breeders to incorporate trait mixes that reconcile agronomic gains and consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Estimation of resistance force at steady-state sinkage for cylindrical wheel-typed lunar/planetary exploration rovers with function of push–pull locomotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Tsujikawa ◽  
Tetsuya Oshima ◽  
Kojiro Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Forces

Abstract Planetary exploration rovers have required a high traveling performance to overcome obstacles such as loose soil and rocks. Push-pull locomotion rovers is a unique scheme, like an inchworm, and it has high traveling performance on loose soil. Push-pull locomotion uses the resistance force by keeping a locked-wheel related to the ground, whereas the conventional rotational traveling uses the shear force from loose soil. The locked-wheel is a key factor for traveling in the push-pull scheme. Understanding the sinking behavior and its resistance force is useful information for estimating the rover’s performance. Previous studies have reported the soil motion under the locked-wheel, the traction, and the traveling behavior of the rover. These studies were, however, limited to the investigation of the resistance force and amount of sinkage for the particular condition depending on the rover. Additionally, the locked-wheel sinks into the soil until it obtains the required force for supporting the other wheels’ motion. How the amount of sinkage and resistance forces are generated at different wheel sizes and mass of an individual wheel has remained unclear, and its estimation method hasn’t existed. This study, therefore, addresses the relationship between the sinkage and its resistance force, and we analyze and consider this relationship via the towing experiment and theoretical consideration. The results revealed that the sinkage reached a steady-state value and depended on the contact area and mass of each wheel, and the maximum resistance force also depends on this sinkage. Additionally, the estimation model did not capture the same trend as the experimental results when the wheel width changed, whereas, the model captured a relatively the same trend as the experimental result when the wheel mass and diameter changed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Starch Hydrolysis for Glycemic Index Prediction of Rice Varieties

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Cristiana Pereira ◽  
Regina Menezes ◽  
Vanda Lourenço ◽  
Teresa Serra ◽  
Carla Brites
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Processing Technologies

Rice consumed as white cooked polished grain has been considered a high glycemic index (GI) food, particularly compared with other starchy foods. However, the GI levels of rice based food can vary among different rice types and food processing technologies. Rice GI variation can be affected by several factors, such as rice variety, the genetic background of rice as well as due to crop edaphoclimatic conditions. The main difference in rice starch composition that influences GI is the amylose content. Besides the chemical composition of rice, the gelatinization characteristics and food processing can also contribute to starch retrogradation, thus increasing the level of resistant starch with a great influence on GI. To understand the glycemic response of rice types differing in amylose and viscosity profiles, four rice samples were analyzed and compared with standard and resistant HI-MAIZE corn starches. An in vitro enzymatic starch hydrolysis procedure was applied to estimate GI. The results indicate substantial differences in the starch hydrolysis of the two corn starches. Starch hydrolysis tended to be more rapid and efficient for ‘Waxy’ and ‘Ceres’ (intermediate-amylose) rice types than for ‘Maçarico’ (high-amylose rice). In addition, the data show that the Maçarico variety has the lowest estimated GI and the highest retrogradation rate compared with ‘Waxy’, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Basmati’ type. The results obtained reinforce the importance of knowing amylose content and viscosity profiles for the prediction of rice glycemic responses.

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