scholarly journals Lack of multiple paternity in the oceanodromous tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier )

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Holmes ◽  
Lisa C. Pope ◽  
Samuel M. Williams ◽  
Ian R. Tibbetts ◽  
Mike B. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Solitary Species

Multiple paternity has been documented as a reproductive strategy in both viviparous and ovoviviparous elasmobranchs, leading to the assumption that multiple mating may be ubiquitous in these fishes. However, with the majority of studies conducted on coastal and nearshore elasmobranchs that often form mating aggregations, parallel studies on pelagic, semi-solitary species are lacking. The tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier ) is a large pelagic shark that has an aplacental viviparous reproductive mode which is unique among the carcharhinids. A total of 112 pups from four pregnant sharks were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci to assess the possibility of multiple paternity or polyandrous behaviour by female tiger sharks. Only a single pup provided evidence of possible multiple paternity, but with only seven of the nine loci amplifying for this individual, results were inconclusive. In summary, it appears that the tiger sharks sampled in this study were genetically monogamous. These findings may have implications for the genetic diversity and future sustainability of this population.

Frequency of multiple paternity in the grass snake (Natrix natrix)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Meister ◽  
Sylvain Ursenbacher ◽  
Bruno Baur
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimate ◽  
New World ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Grass Snake

Males can enhance their reproductive success through mating with multiple females. For females, however, one mating is usually sufficient to inseminate all of their ova. Females may benefit from multiple mating by producing genetically more diverse offspring, and by having the opportunity to choose sperm of the genetically most compatible male. We used five microsatellite loci to investigate the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity in 11 clutches of the grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Switzerland. Using a very conservative estimate (program GERUD), two or more fathers were found in 27% of the clutches. However, based on the maximum likelihood estimate (program COLONY), multiple paternity occurred in 91% of the clutches with 2-5 contributing males per female. This is the first investigation demonstrating multiple paternity in a European natricine, with a frequency similar to those found in new world natricines.

Multiple paternity in field- and captive-laid egg strands of Sepioteuthis australis (Cephalopoda:Loliginidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. van Camp ◽  
S. C. Donnellan ◽  
A. R. Dyer ◽  
P. G. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
In Captivity

Previous observations on the mating behaviour of the southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis Quoy & Gaimard 1833, revealed the potential for multiple paternities within egg strands, which contained up to eight eggs each. Six egg masses were laid in captivity from a possible 14 female and 20 male parents. By using five microsatellite loci, 112 eggs from 35 randomly selected egg strands were assigned sires using the potential fathers’ genotypes. Seven egg strands containing 22 eggs were also collected from the field to test that squid in captivity were apportioning eggs in natural ways, and that multiple paternity within egg strands was not an artefact of captivity. Ninety-seven per cent of strands laid in captivity showed multiple paternities. Similarly, multiple fathers were also evident in the field-laid egg strands. The maximum number of sires found within a single egg strand was four; however, three sires were more common. This is the first account of multiple paternities within egg strands laid by Sepioteuthis. It is likely that females are ‘spermatophore-limited’ when egg laying, and are promiscuous to ensure a ready supply of these sperm packets. Moreover, genetic diversity in a brood is increased by this mating strategy.

Multiple paternity in the moor frog, Rana arvalis

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Knopp ◽  
Juha Merilä
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moor Frog

AbstractThe frequency of multiple paternity in 21 moor frog (Rana arvalis) egg clutches from one Swedish breeding locality was investigated using nine microsatellite loci. By genotyping on average 24 fertilized eggs per female, two different analyzes revealed multiple paternity in 14% and 29% of the egg clutches examined, respectively. In the multiply sired broods, approximately 23% of the individual eggs belonged to a second male. The observed frequency of multiple paternity was relatively high and in line with earlier amphibian studies. The evolutionary significance and proximate reason (active multiple mating or sperm leakage at communal lek) for the observed patterns remain unclear.

Microsatellite markers reveal multiple paternity and sperm storage in the Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Roques ◽  
C Díaz-Paniagua ◽  
A C Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Small Clutch ◽  
Microsatellite Analyses

The spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) is a terrestrial species in which multiple mating is frequently observed. We assessed the probability of multiple paternity in clutches (n = 15) laid by eight females, including successive clutches. Paternity was determined by microsatellite analyses at three loci. A large number of alleles per locus (n = 15–22) provided high probabilities of detecting multiple paternity, particularly at all loci combined (P = 0.989). Multiple paternity was found in 20% of the clutches in which offspring displayed more than two paternal alleles. However, this frequency may have been underestimated, given the small clutch sizes and the few loci used. Also, T. graeca is able to store sperm from single or multiple matings and can use it to fertilize subsequent clutches of eggs, as indicated by the fact that the second clutch of a captive female was sired by a different male and that clutches of another female were multiply sired by the same males. These results confirm that multiple paternity exists in T. graeca and that sperm storage in this species may be an important reproductive strategy to fertilize multiple clutches per year.

scholarly journals Microsatellite loci in the tiger shark and cross-species amplification using pyrosequencing technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália J Mendes ◽  
Vanessa P Cruz ◽  
Fernando Y Ashikaga ◽  
Sâmia M Camargo ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Pyrosequencing Technology ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has a global distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas, and is caught in numerous fisheries worldwide, mainly as bycatch. It is currently assessed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In this study we identified 9 microsatellite loci through next generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) using 29 samples from the western Atlantic. The genetic diversity of these loci was assessed and revealed a total of 48 alleles ranging from 3 to 7 alleles per locus (average of 5.3 alleles). Cross-species amplification was assessed in three other species: Carcharhinus longimanus, C. acronotus and Alopias superciliosus. Given the potential applicability of genetic markers for biological conservation, these data may contribute to the population assessment of this and other species of sharks worldwide.

scholarly journals The evolution of pueriparity maintains multiple paternity in a polymorphic viviparous salamander

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Alarcón-Ríos ◽  
Alfredo G. Nicieza ◽  
André Lourenço ◽  
Guillermo Velo-Antón
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Polymorphic Species

Abstract The reduction in fecundity associated with the evolution of viviparity may have far-reaching implications for the ecology, demography, and evolution of populations. The evolution of a polygamous behaviour (e.g. polyandry) may counteract some of the effects underlying a lower fecundity, such as the reduction in genetic diversity. Comparing patterns of multiple paternity between reproductive modes allows us to understand how viviparity accounts for the trade-off between offspring quality and quantity. We analysed genetic patterns of paternity and offspring genetic diversity across 42 families from two modes of viviparity in a reproductive polymorphic species, Salamandra salamandra. This species shows an ancestral (larviparity: large clutches of free aquatic larvae), and a derived reproductive mode (pueriparity: smaller clutches of larger terrestrial juveniles). Our results confirm the existence of multiple paternity in pueriparous salamanders. Furthermore, we show the evolution of pueriparity maintains, and even increases, the occurrence of multiple paternity and the number of sires compared to larviparity, though we did not find a clear effect on genetic diversity. High incidence of multiple paternity in pueriparous populations might arise as a mechanism to avoid fertilization failures and to ensure reproductive success, and thus has important implications in highly isolated populations with small broods.

scholarly journals Microsatellite loci in the tiger shark and cross-species amplification using pyrosequencing technology

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália J. Mendes ◽  
Vanessa P. Cruz ◽  
Fernando Y. Ashikaga ◽  
Sâmia M. Camargo ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Pyrosequencing Technology ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has a global distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas, and it is caught in numerous fisheries worldwide, mainly as bycatch. It is currently assessed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In this study, we identified nine microsatellite loci through next generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) using 29 samples from the western Atlantic. The genetic diversity of these loci were assessed and revealed a total of 48 alleles ranging from 3 to 7 alleles per locus (average of 5.3 alleles). Cross-species amplification was successful at most loci for other species such asCarcharhinus longimanus, C. acronotusandAlopias superciliosus. Given the potential applicability of genetic markers for biological conservation, these data may contribute to the population assessment of this and other species of sharks worldwide.

scholarly journals Microsatellite loci in the tiger shark and cross-species amplification using pyrosequencing technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália J Mendes ◽  
Vanessa P Cruz ◽  
Fernando Y Ashikaga ◽  
Sâmia M Camargo ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Pyrosequencing Technology ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has a global distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas, and is caught in numerous fisheries worldwide, mainly as bycatch. It is currently assessed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In this study we identified 9 microsatellite loci through next generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) using 29 samples from the western Atlantic. The genetic diversity of these loci was assessed and revealed a total of 48 alleles ranging from 3 to 7 alleles per locus (average of 5.3 alleles). Cross-species amplification was assessed in three other species: Carcharhinus longimanus, C. acronotus and Alopias superciliosus. Given the potential applicability of genetic markers for biological conservation, these data may contribute to the population assessment of this and other species of sharks worldwide.

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