scholarly journals The adsorption features between insecticidal crystal protein and nano-Mg(OH) 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 170883
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Pan ◽  
Zhangyan Xu ◽  
Yilin Zheng ◽  
Tengzhou Huang ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Insecticidal Protein ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Insecticidal Crystal Protein ◽  
Exothermic Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Nano-Mg(OH) 2 , with low biological toxicity, is an ideal nano-carrier for insecticidal protein to improve the bioactivity. In this work, the adsorption features of insecticidal protein by nano-Mg(OH) 2 have been studied. The adsorption capacity could reach as high as 136 mg g −1 , and the adsorption isotherm had been fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first or -second order rate model, and the adsorption was spontaneous and an exothermic process. However, high temperatures are not suitable for adsorption, which implies that the temperature would be a critical factor during the adsorption process. In addition, FT-IR confirmed that the protein was adsorbed on the nano-Mg(OH) 2 , zeta potential analysis suggested that insecticidal protein was loaded onto the nano-Mg(OH) 2 not by electrostatic adsorption but maybe by intermolecular forces, and circular dichroism spectroscopy of Cry11Aa protein before and after loading with nano-Mg(OH) 2 was changed. The study applied the adsorption information between Cry11Aa and nano-Mg(OH) 2 , which would be useful in the practical application of nano-Mg(OH) 2 as a nano-carrier.

scholarly journals BIOSORPTION OF Cu (II) METAL IONS BY DRAGON FRUIT SKIN (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sahriani Ali ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie ◽  
Paulina Taba
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Ph Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Biosorption is an effective method for removal of heavy metals from their solutions. Biosorption of Cu (II) by contact time, pH, and concentration has been investigated. Concentration of Cu (II) ion before and after adsorption was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The effect of the pH process was studied at pH of 2-7. The result showed that the optimum time for biosorption of Cu (II) ion by biomass dragon fruit was 10 minutes and pH 4 was the optimum pH of biosorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for the adsorption of isotherm. Result showed that biosorption of Cu (II) by dragon fruit peel fit better the Langmuir model than Freundich model with the adsorption capacity (Qo) of 20.401 mg/g biosorbent. The result of FT-IR analysis showed that hydroxyl groups were responsible for the binding of Cu (II) ions. 

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

Method for the simultaneous quantification of n-hexane metabolites: application to n-hexane metabolism determination

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soriano ◽  
M. Menéndez ◽  
P. Sanz ◽  
M. Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
The Difference

1 The described analytical procedure permits the simultaneous determination of the main n-hexane meta bolites in urine. 2-Hexanone, 2-hexanol, 2, 5-hexanediol and 2, 5-hexanedione, were chosen to dose the rats used in this study. All urine samples were collected and analysed on a daily basis, before and after acidic hydrolysis (pH 0.1) by GC/MS. 2-Hexanone, 2, 5-dimethylfurane, γ-valerolac tone and 2, 5-hexanedione were determined before hydro lysis ; 2-hexanol and 2, 5-hexanediol, after hydrolysis; and 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone were calculated by the difference between γ-valerolactone and 2, 5-hexanedione with and without hydrolysis, respectively. 2 A metabolic scheme was proposed reflecting the biotransformations undergone by the four compounds assayed. We consider 2, 5-dimethylfurane as a 'true metabolite' because the quantities detected were always greater before hydrolysis. 3 It has been reported that human and rat n-hexane metabolism follow a similar pattern. Therefore, as a practical application and without increasing either sample or time requirements, the simultaneous quantifi cation of the different metabolites and their excretion profile could provide better information about the metabolic situation of exposed workers than the determi nation of 2, 5-hexanedione alone. According to our experimental results, 4, 5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone itself would be a good toxicity indicator.

scholarly journals Testing Whether Suicide Capability Has a Dynamic Propensity: The Role of Affect and Arousal on Momentary Fluctuations in Suicide Capability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyne C. Law ◽  
Michael D. Anestis
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Main Effects

To prevent suicidal behaviors, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and processes that enable an individual to act on suicidal thoughts. Suicide capability, which involves an increased pain tolerance and fearlessness of death, is a critical factor that enables an individual to endure the physical pain necessary to make a lethal suicide attempt. Extant research has largely conceptualized suicide capability as developing linearly in response to painful and provocative experiences, but the emerging literature on the temporal dynamics of suicide has been challenging the notion of linearity in suicide risk. Few studies have directly measured and compared changes in suicide capability in response to rumination on different affective states. We sought to experimentally test if rumination in the context of low vs. high arousal emotions will prompt distinct changes in two core components of suicide capability: pain tolerance and fearlessness of death on two undergraduate student samples. In both studies, participants provided measures of subjective emotional state as well as pain threshold, tolerance, and persistence before and after completing experimental manipulations which included both emotion and rumination induction procedures. In the second study, measures of fearlessness about death and physiological arousal (heart rate) were added to the experimental procedures. We found significant decreases in pain threshold, tolerance, and persistence following the experimental manipulations but found no main effects of rumination or suicide risk. These findings suggest that suicide capability can fluctuate but these changes may occur through a different mechanism and/or differ between individuals at varying levels of suicide risk.

scholarly journals The Practical Effect of New Ethics Rules: Responding to Subpoenas and Document Requests About Client Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Steven L. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fair Disclosure ◽  
Judicial Efficiency ◽  
Discovery Phase ◽  
Model Rule ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Malpractice Liability ◽  
Practical Effect

            This article is a comparative overview of the American Bar Association’s Model Rule 1.6(b) before and after the issuance of the ABA’s Formal Opinion 473, issued on February 17, 2016, which was an attempt to restate and revise the rule’s ethical expectations and to help settle several questions that had plagued the rule’s practical application. A lawyer’s duty of confidentiality to his or her client, and the public policy favoring judicial efficiency and fair disclosure during the discovery phase of litigation, often places lawyers in precarious ethical positions. This article attempts to provide guidance on this issue through an analysis of the rule and the context in which a lawyer’s overarching duty to keep his or her client’s information confidential can be precluded by the lawful compulsion to disclose such information without incurring malpractice liability.  

scholarly journals Newly Synthesized N-Substituted Thiosemicarbazone as a Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M HCl

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
N Z. Nor Hashim ◽  
K Kassim ◽  
F H. Zaidon
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
L1 And L2

Two N-substituted thiosemicarbazone derivatives namely as 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide and 2-benzylidene-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (L1 and L2, respectively) have been tested as corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in 1 M HCl. The ligands were synthesized and investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).  The obtained results indicated that inhibition efficiency, (IE, %) L1 increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations which behaved as a good corrosion inhibitor compared to L2. The synthesized ligands were successfully characterized by melting point, elemental analysis (C, H, N, and S), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. The excellent inhibition effectiveness for both compounds on mild steel before and after immersion in 1 M HCl solution containing 40 ppm of L1 and L2 were also verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on potentiodynamic polarization results, it can be concluded that all investigated compounds are mixed-type inhibitors and obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 

scholarly journals Age, but not short-term intensive swimming, affects chondrocyte turnover in zebrafish vertebral cartilage

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Liang Jian ◽  
Wei-Chun HuangFu ◽  
Yen-Hua Lee ◽  
I-Hsuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cartilage Homeostasis ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Brdu Labeling

Both age and intensive exercise are generally considered critical risk factors for osteoarthritis. In this work, we intend to establish zebrafish models to assess the role of these two factors on cartilage homeostasis. We designed a swimming device for zebrafish intensive exercise. The body measurements, bone mineral density (BMD) and the histology of spinal cartilages of 4- and 12-month-old zebrafish, as well the 12-month-old zebrafish before and after a 2-week exercise were compared. Our results indicate that both age and exercise affect the body length and body weight, and the micro-computed tomography reveals that both age and exercise affect the spinal BMD. However, quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry and histochemistry indicate that short-term intensive exercise does not affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) of spinal cartilage. On the other hand, the cartilage ECM significantly grew from 4 to 12 months of age with an increase in total chondrocytes. dUTP nick end labeling staining shows that the percentages of apoptotic cells significantly increase as the zebrafish grows, whereas the BrdU labeling shows that proliferative cells dramatically decrease from 4 to 12 months of age. A 30-day chase of BrdU labeling shows some retention of labeling in cells in 4-month-old spinal cartilage but not in cartilage from 12-month-old zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that zebrafish chondrocytes are actively turned over, and indicate that aging is a critical factor that alters cartilage homeostasis. Zebrafish vertebral cartilage may serve as a good model to study the maturation and homeostasis of articular cartilage.

Trait and State Anxiety before and after Competitive Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1059-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallgeir Halvari ◽  
Torgrim Gjesme
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
And Performance

33 subjects were tested on competitive trait and state anxiety immediately before and after a competitive motor task of short duration (average performance time of 25 seconds). It required precise coordination of correct muscular activity, timing as well as speed, and physical strength that included explosive shifts in direction of movement. Two types of performance measures were employed, (a) number of errors during the performance and (b) the time it took to complete the motor task. Analysis showed a positive relation between trait anxiety and performance errors when a linear model was applied; however, when a curvilinear model was used, a strong significant U-relationship between errors and precompetition state anxiety emerged. Further, a strong positive linear relation between poststate anxiety and number of performance errors was observed. The results indicate that making errors in performance situations is a critical factor in producing postcompetition state anxiety.

scholarly journals Degradable Polymer Stars Based on Tannic Acid Cores by ATRP

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cuthbert ◽  
Saigopalakrishna S. Yerneni ◽  
Mingkang Sun ◽  
Travis Fu ◽  
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Degradable Polymers ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenolic Esters ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Waste Accumulation

Degradable polymers are crucial in order to reduce plastic environmental pollution and waste accumulation. In this paper, a natural product, tannic acid was modified to be used as a polymer star core. The tannic acid was modified with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators and characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and XPS. Twenty-five arm polymer stars were prepared by photoinduced ATRP of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) (molar mass Mw = 300 g/mol) (P(OEO300MA)). The polymer stars were degraded by cleaving the polymer star arms attached to the core by phenolic esters under mild basic conditions. The stars were analyzed before and after degradation by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Cytotoxicity assays were performed on the P(OEO300MA) stars and corresponding degraded polymers, and were found to be nontoxic at the concentrations tested.

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