scholarly journals Comparative behavioural observations demonstrate the ‘cleaner’ shrimp Periclimenes yucatanicus engages in true symbiotic cleaning interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 170078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Titus ◽  
Clayton Vondriska ◽  
Marymegan Daly
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Cleaning Behaviour ◽  
The Status ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
Cleaner Shrimp

Cleaner shrimps are ecologically important members of coral reef communities, but for many species, cleaner status (i.e. dedicated, facultative and mimic), clientele and ecological role remain unverified or described. On Caribbean coral reefs, the spotted ‘cleaner’ shrimp Periclimenes yucatanicus forms symbioses with sea anemones that may serve as cleaning stations for reef fishes. The status of this species as a cleaner is ambiguous: only a single in situ cleaning interaction has been reported, and in the only test of its efficacy as a cleaner, it did not effectively reduce parasite loads from surgeonfish. It has subsequently been hypothesized by other authors to be a cleaner mimic. We conduct a comparative investigation of cleaning behaviour between P. yucatanicus and the ecologically similar, closely related, dedicated cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. We provide the first detailed field observations on cleaning behaviour for P. yucatanicus and test multiple behavioural expectations surrounding mimicry in cleaning symbioses. We found that P. yucatanicus regularly signals its availability to clean, client fishes visit regularly and the shrimp does engage in true symbiotic cleaning interactions, but these are brief and our video reflects a species that appears hesitant to engage posing clients. In comparison to A. pedersoni , P. yucatanicus stations had significantly fewer total visits and cleans, and 50% of all cleaning interactions at P. yucatanicus stations were shorter than 10 s in total duration. Our behavioural observations confirm that P. yucatanicus is a true cleaner shrimp; we reject the hypothesis of mimicry. However, investigation is needed to confirm whether this species is a dedicated or facultative cleaner. We hypothesize that P. yucatanicus has a specialized ecological role as a cleaner species, compared to A. pedersoni .

scholarly journals The Spotted Cleaner Shrimp, Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives, 1891), on an Unusual Scleractinian Host

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Muñoz ◽  
Agustín Garese ◽  
Fabián H. Acuña ◽  
James D. Reimer ◽  
Nuno Simões
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Cleaning Stations ◽  
Cleaner Shrimp

The spotted cleaner shrimp, Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives, 1891), forms symbioses with sea anemones that may serve as cleaning stations for reef fishes [...]

Social behavior of the Pederson cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni (Chace, 1958) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palemonidae) in the Caribbean Sea: size- and gender-based dominance hierarchy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Gilpin ◽  
Nanette E Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cleaner Shrimp

Abstract Social interactions among Pederson cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni (Chace, 1958), an associate of sea anemones, likely affect cleaning services to reef fishes, but major aspects of their social group structure and behavior remain unknown. We hypothesized that Pederson shrimp form dominance hierarchies expressed through size- and gender-based behavioral interactions. Observation of 116 shrimp on coral reefs at St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, revealed that they formed social groups of ~3 or 4 individuals (range 1–9) per host sea anemone, as a mix of large females, medium-size males, and/or small juveniles. Social groups were not rigidly size-structured, in that body size ratio between adjacent individuals did not differ significantly from random. Individuals, however, were spatially structured such that distance between shrimp and the tentacles of the host anemone decreased significantly with shrimp body size; large individuals occupied the anemone tentacle crown, whereas smaller shrimp perched on reef or sand substrates adjacent to the anemone. During laboratory experiments, shrimp exhibited five types of exploitation competition behaviors toward client fish models (signal, approach, clean, no response, retreat), and four types of interference competition behaviors toward conspecific shrimp (approach, attack, no response, retreat). Large females more frequently signaled toward, approached, and cleaned fish models than did males and juveniles, which did not respond or retreated. Females also approached and attacked conspecifics more than did males and juveniles, which retreated at frequencies that increased with decreasing body size. We conclude that Pederson shrimp form gender and size-based hierarchies in which large females monopolize food resources (ectoparasites on client fishes), and interfere with resource access by smaller males and juveniles. These behaviors cause them to spatially partition microhabitats on anemones, and hypothetically could lead to males and juveniles dispersing among anemones more frequently than females. These shrimp social interactions may thus enhance spatial and temporal variation among cleaning stations, with consequences for the health and mobility of reef fishes.

scholarly journals Relative Importance of Cleaning Behaviour in Centrolabrus Exoletus and other Wrasse at Arrábida, Portugal

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Henriques ◽  
Vitor C. Almada
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Cleaning Behaviour ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Tropical Reef ◽  
Ctenolabrus Rupestris ◽  
Labrus Bergylta ◽  
Host Fishes

Underwater behavioural observations were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of cleaning behaviour in three species of common north-eastern Atlantic wrasse (Teleostei: Labridae). At the study site, the only cleaner was Centrolabrus exoletus. A total of 12 species was cleaned, with the wrasse, Symphodus melops and Labrus bergylta being the species most frequently cleaned. Neither S. melops nor Ctenolabrus rupestris, known to be cleaners in other sites or in captivity, could be observed cleaning other fishes. Centrolabrus exoletus was found to be a facultative cleaner fish with cleaning acts representing only 7% of the observed feeding acts. In focal observations of host fishes, the incidence of cleaning acts reached a level (11 h-1 per host) similar to that reported for tropical reef fishes and probably reflects the high numbers of cleaners available. Some factors that may affect the origin of the cleaning interactions are discussed.

Prevalence and Course of Schizophrenia in a Chinese Rural Area

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Sheng Ran ◽  
Meng-Ze Xiang ◽  
Sheng-Xian Li ◽  
You-He Shan ◽  
Ming-Sheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Status

Objective: To assess the characteristics and factors affecting course of schizophrenia in a Chinese rural area. Method: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify all the patients with schizophrenia among 149 231 people in Xinjin County, Chengdu. Results: The total prevalence of schizophrenia was 4.13 per 1000 population. Males had an earlier mean age of onset (29.6 years) than females (32.3 years). Duration of illness before treatment and the total duration of illness were found to be significantly associated with level of remission. The status of treatment, family economy, housing, and families' care of patients had a significant effect on the clinical course of the illness. Conclusions: Duration of illness before treatment may be an important predictor of course in schizophrenia. Early treatment for the patients may produce higher level of improvement in prognosis. Education intervention and community-based service are urgent priorities for these patients.

scholarly journals Management effectiveness suggests a role in structuring herbivorous fish communities in Sinai marine protected areas, Gulf of Aqaba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. El-Haddad ◽  
Saad Z. Mohamed ◽  
Tarek A. Temraz ◽  
Abdel-Hamid A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The Status

Herbivorous reef fishes are critically important for maintaining the health and resilience of coral reefs. In the Egyptian Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), many of these herbivores are important fishery targets and little is known about their population size structure and biomass patterns. Here, we conduct a large-scale (~250 km of coastline) assessment of the status of herbivorous fish populations along a fishing pressure gradient at 30 sites and eight regions in the GoA. These regions are subjected to three levels of fishing and protection, ranging from almost no fishing (No take, NT), and moderately fished (via Gear restriction, GR) to heavily fished (Open access, OA). We found that the NT fishery reserve was the most effective to maintain herbivorous fish size, biomass, and richness across all functional groups, though numerical density was not. Total herbivore biomass was 4.3 and 2.8 times higher on NT reefs and GR reefs, respectively than on OA reefs. Among GoA regions, only Ras Mohammed and Sharm El-Sheikh (unfished), and Nabq (fished) met the global mean herbivore biomass target of ~30 kg/500 m2. Our work also highlights three important results regarding the impacts of fishing and fisheries management on herbivorous fish populations: (i) size structure was heavily skewed toward smaller individuals, with fishes less than (20 cm) accounting for 81.1% of the population in heavily fished OA reefs vs. 52.8% at unfished NT reefs, (ii) biomass of larger herbivore individuals (>35 cm) accounting for less than 1% of the total biomass in OA reefs vs. 37% at NT reefs, and (iii) large-bodied target species, Cetoscarus bicolor, Naso unicorn, and Kyphosus spp., accounting for 15.9% of the total biomass at NT reefs on average, while they were virtually absent from OA reefs. Collectively, these findings suggest that many principal fisheries species in the central northern regions of the GoA have been overexploited, which in turn can lead to reef degradation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a participatory management approach and enforce restrictions on destructive fishing gear in order to promote recovery of herbivore biomass.

scholarly journals Facultative cleaning behaviour of juvenile Diplodus sargus (Sparidae) and its ecological role in marine temperate waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
J Neto ◽  
D Vieira ◽  
D Abecasis ◽  
J Marques ◽  
L Gordo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Role ◽  
Cleaning Behaviour ◽  
Diplodus Sargus

scholarly journals ORAL HYGIENE

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 066-069
Author(s):  
Mehmood Hussain ◽  
Syed Imran Hasan ◽  
Moin Khan ◽  
Amna Arsalan ◽  
Shajia Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hospital Study ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: To observe the status of oral hygiene and its association with otherfactors in patients visiting Hamdard University Dental Hospital. Study Design: It was adescriptive type of study. Place and Duration of study: The study was carried out at HamdardUniversity Dental Hospital, Karachi. Total duration of this study was one year. Methodology: Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used. Total 581 patients were included in thisstudy, after taking consent structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate informationfrom all patients. Then patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their oral hygienestatus. Results: In this study 228 were males while 353 were females. In males only 6.1% patientshad good oral hygiene while 28.5% & 62.2% had fair and poor oral hygiene respectively. Infemales 8.2% had good oral hygiene while 39.6% & 18.13% had fair and poor oral hygienerespectively. Among males 88.1% use tooth brush while 3.5% use finger for teeth cleaning whilein females this ratio was 91.7% 7 3.3%. Conclusions: In males frequency of poor oral hygienewas comparatively high which may be linked to smoking and dietary habits.

scholarly journals Wild Animals Inventarisation In Sempu Island Nature Reserve [ Wild Animals Inventarisation In Sempu Island Nature Reserve]

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Sukistyanawati ◽  
Hari Pramono ◽  
Bagus Suseno ◽  
Heru Cahyono ◽  
Sapto Andriyono
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Status ◽  
Growing Region

AbstrakKeberadaan satwa liar di cagar alam diharapkan terus lestari dan menjadi simpanan sumberdaya genetik dimasa yang akan data. Beragam aktivitas yang dilakukan di Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu (CAPS) saat ini dirasa sangat perlu dilakukan pengelolaan sesuai dengan status kawasan konservasi yang berupa cagar alam. Aktivitas ekotourism yang berkembang dikawasan sekitar CAPS memicu kekhawatiran akan terganggunya keberadaaan dan keanekaragaman satwa yang menghuni kawasan konservasi di Malang selatan ini. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan survei potensi satwa liar dilakukan di CAPS. Penelitian ini penelitian deskriptif yang menguraikan data-data yang didapatkan dan dijelaskan baik dengan tabel maupun grafik. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September-Nopember 2015. Metode jelajah digunakan dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian telah menemukan 66 jenis jenis burung. Dari sejumlah burung tersebut memiliki status berbeda-beda yaitu 10 jenis burung endemik Indonesia, 25 jenis burung dilindungi, empat jenis migran, sembilan jenis merupakan Appendix CITES, empat jenis burung bernilai konservasi tinggi (jenis-jenis yang masuk dalam Redlist IUCN) yaitu Pelatuk merah (Chrysophlegma miniaceum) dan Sikatan-rimba dadacoklat (Rhinomyias olivaceus).Sedangkan jenis mamalia ditemukan sembilan species dan reptilia sebanyak tujuh species. Selain jenis burung, mamalia dan reptil, hasil survei ini juga telah menemukan satu species Lepidoptera terdokumentasikan adalah Idea stolli. Kajian tentang kelompok satwa ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian mengingat pentingnya dalam ekologis di CAPS. Abstract The existence of wildlife in the nature reserves is expected to continue to be sustainable and resource savings in the future genetic data. Various activities undertaken in Sempu Island Nature Reserve (CAPS) is currently considered very necessary to manage in accordance with the status of protected areas such as nature reserves. Activities ecotourism growing region around Cap sparked fears of a disruption of the existence and diversity of wildlife that inhabits the conservation area in the south of Malang. Therefore, the potential for wildlife survey work carried out at CAPS. This study was a descriptive study that describes the data obtained and described both with tables and graphs. The study was conducted in September-November 2015. Exploring method used to collect data in this study. The results have been found 66 kinds of birds. From the number of birds that have the status of different namely 10 species of birds endemic to Indonesia, 25 species of protected birds, four types of migrants, nine types of the Appendix of CITES.The Banded Red Woodpecker (Chrysophlegma miniaceum) and Olive-back jungle-flycatcher (Rhinomyias olivaceus) are included in Redlist IUCN.Sedangkan found nine species of mammals and reptiles, seven species. In addition to birds, mammals and reptiles, the results of the survey also found one species of Lepidoptera is the Idea stolli documented.Studies on that animals need attention because of their ecological role in CAPS

On the Labor-Law Status of Employees Caring for Disabled Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Viktoria Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Employment Relation ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
The Status

The article presents a systemic analysis of legal status of individuals caring for disabled children: a parent, an adopter, a guardian, a custodian, and a foster parent. The specificity of the status of such an individual is defined through combining employment and family duties that are carried out in the course of appearance, alteration, suspension, and termination of employment relation. The author demonstrates the difficulties of defining this status and examines the categories of individuals caring for disabled children with distinguishing peculiarities of the employment relation for each category. The labor-law status of an individual caring for a disabled child is temporary and does not always match the total duration of the labor-law status. The basic labor rights of an individual caring for a disabled child are based on his or her family status which is associated with a particular legal connection between a disabled child and a subject caring for him or her. The author formulates the definitions of such notions as «an individual caring for a disabled child» and «labor-law status of an individual caring for a disabled child».

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document