scholarly journals The presence of lateral photophores correlates with increased speciation in deep-sea bioluminescent sharks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 150219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien M. Claes ◽  
Dan-Eric Nilsson ◽  
Jérôme Mallefet ◽  
Nicolas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Expected Species Richness

The vast majority of species within the lanternshark genus Etmopterus harbour complex luminescent markings on their flanks, whose functional significance has long remained obscure. Recent studies, however, suggest these enigmatic photophore aggregations to play a role in intraspecific communication. Using visual modelling based on in vivo luminescence measurements from a common lanternshark species, we show that etmopterid flank markings can potentially work as a medium range signal for intraspecific detection/recognition. In addition, using molecular phylogenetic analyses, we demonstrate that the Etmopterus clade exhibits a greater than expected species richness given its age. This is not the case for other bioluminescent shark clades with no (or only few) species with flank markings. Our results therefore suggest that etmopterid flank markings may provide a way for reproductive isolation and hence may have facilitated speciation in the deep-sea.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of reverse-transcribed bacterial rRNA obtained from deep-sea cold seep sediments

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Inagaki ◽  
Yuri Sakihama ◽  
Akira Inoue ◽  
Chiaki Kato ◽  
Koki Horikoshi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

scholarly journals Evaluation of an EpitypifiedOphiocordyceps formosana(Cordyceps s.l.) for Its Pharmacological Potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Wen Wang ◽  
Tzu-Wen Hong ◽  
Yu-Ling Tai ◽  
Ying-Jing Wang ◽  
Sheng-Hong Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The substantial merit ofCordyceps s.l.spp. in terms of medicinal benefits is largely appreciated. Nevertheless, only few studies have characterized and examined the clinical complications of the use of health tonics containing these species. Here, we epitypifiedC. formosanaisolates that were collected and characterized asOphiocordyceps formosanabased on morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic analyses, and metabolite profiling. Thus, we renamed and transferredC. formosanato the new protologueOphiocordyceps formosana(Kobayasi & Shimizu) Wang, Tsai, Tzean & Shencomb. nov.Additionally, the pharmacological potential ofO. formosanawas evaluated based on the hot-water extract from its mycelium. The relative amounts of the known bioactive ingredients that are unique toCordyceps s.l.species inO. formosanawere found to be similar to the amounts inO. sinensisandC. militaris, indicating the potential applicability ofO. formosanafor pharmacological uses. Additionally, we found thatO. formosanaexhibited antioxidation activitiesin vitroandin vivothat were similar to those ofO. sinensisandC. militaris. Furthermore,O. formosanaalso displayed conspicuously effective antitumor activity compared with the testedCordyceps s.l.species. Intrinsically,O. formosanaexhibited less toxicity than the otherCordycepsspecies. Together, our data suggest that the metabolites ofO. formosanamay play active roles in complementary medicine.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of Stenopodidea (Crustacea : Decapoda) shrimps inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes reveals non-monophyly of the families Spongicolidae and Stenopididae and most of their composite genera

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Lin Chen ◽  
Joseph W. Goy ◽  
Heather D. Bracken-Grissom ◽  
Darryl L. Felder ◽  
Ling Ming Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Living Species

The infraorder Stenopodidea is a relatively small group of marine decapod crustaceans including the well known cleaner shrimps, but their higher taxonomy has been rather controversial. This study provides the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses of Stenopodidea using sequence data from two mitochondrial (16S and 12S rRNA) and two nuclear (histone H3 and sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit (NaK)) genes. We included all 12 nominal genera from the three stenopodidean families in order to test the proposed evolutionary hypothesis and taxonomic scheme of the group. The inferred phylogeny did not support the familial ranking of Macromaxillocarididae and rejected the reciprocal monophyly of Spongicolidae and Stenopididae. The genera Stenopus, Richardina, Spongiocaris, Odontozona, Spongicola and Spongicoloides are showed to be poly- or paraphyletic, with monophyly of only the latter three genera strongly rejected in the analysis. The present results only strongly support the monophyly of Microprosthema and suggest that Paraspongiola should be synonymised with Spongicola. The three remaining genera, Engystenopus, Juxtastenopus and Globospongicola, may need to be expanded to include species from other genera if their statuses are maintained. All findings suggest that the morphological characters currently adopted to define genera are mostly invalid and substantial taxonomic revisions are required. As the intergeneric relationships were largely unresolved in the present attempt, the hypothesis of evolution of deep-sea sponge-associated taxa from shallow-water free-living species could not be verified here. The present molecular phylogeny, nevertheless, provides some support that stenopoididean shrimps colonised the deep sea in multiple circumstances.

scholarly journals From Polyalthia to Polyalthiopsis (Annonaceae): transfer of species enlarges a previously monotypic genus

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bine Xue ◽  
Hong-Bo Ding ◽  
Gang Yao ◽  
Yun-Yun Shao ◽  
Xiao-Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Polyalthiopsis Chaowasku (Annonaceae) was a poorly known monotypic genus from Vietnam that was recently segregated from the highly polyphyletic genus Polyalthia s.l. The sister clade relationship between Polyalthiopsis and Miliusa was not well established in previous study. The phylogenetic position of two Polyalthia spp. from China, P. chinensis S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li and P. verrucipes C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li, remains unresolved and is shown here to be phylogenetically affiliated with Polyalthiopsis. Phylogenetic analyses of six chloroplast regions (matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, rbcL, trnL-F and ycf1; ca.7.3 kb, 60 accessions) unambiguously placed Polyalthia chinensis and P. verrucipes in the same clade with Polyalthiopsis floribunda (PP = 1, MPBS = 97%); the entire clade is sister to Miliusa with weak to strong support (PP = 1, MPBS = 54%). Polyalthia chinensis and P. verrucipes share several diagnostic characters with Polyalthiopsis floribunda, including the raised midrib on the upper surface of the leaf in vivo, conspicuous foliar glands when dried, petiole with transverse striations when dried and axillary inflorescences. The two species differ from Polyalthiopsis floribunda in having fewer flowers per inflorescence, longer linear petals and two ovules per carpel. On the basis of the combined molecular phylogenetic and morphological data, we propose two new combinations, Polyalthiopsis chinensis (S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue & Y.H.Tan and Polyalthiopsis verrucipes (C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue & Y.H.Tan. The protologue of Polyalthia verrucipes did not include a description of the flowers, which we provide here. An updated description for the genus Polyalthiopsis and a key to species in the genus Polyalthiopsis is also provided.

Corrigendum to: Phylogeny of Stenopodidea (Crustacea : Decapoda) shrimps inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes reveals non-monophyly of the families Spongicolidae and Stenopididae and most of their composite genera

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Chien-Lin Chen ◽  
Joseph W. Goy ◽  
Heather D. Bracken-Grissom ◽  
Darryl L. Felder ◽  
Ling Ming Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Living Species

The infraorder Stenopodidea is a relatively small group of marine decapod crustaceans including the well known cleaner shrimps, but their higher taxonomy has been rather controversial. This study provides the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses of Stenopodidea using sequence data from two mitochondrial (16S and 12S rRNA) and two nuclear (histone H3 and sodium–potassium ATPase ?-subunit (NaK)) genes. We included all 12 nominal genera from the three stenopodidean families in order to test the proposed evolutionary hypothesis and taxonomic scheme of the group. The inferred phylogeny did not support the familial ranking of Macromaxillocarididae and rejected the reciprocal monophyly of Spongicolidae and Stenopididae. The genera Stenopus, Richardina, Spongiocaris, Odontozona, Spongicola and Spongicoloides are showed to be poly- or paraphyletic, with monophyly of only the latter three genera strongly rejected in the analysis. The present results only strongly support the monophyly of Microprosthema and suggest that Paraspongiola should be synonymised with Spongicola. The three remaining genera, Engystenopus, Juxtastenopus and Globospongicola, may need to be expanded to include species from other genera if their statuses are maintained. All findings suggest that the morphological characters currently adopted to define genera are mostly invalid and substantial taxonomic revisions are required. As the intergeneric relationships were largely unresolved in the present attempt, the hypothesis of evolution of deep-sea sponge-associated taxa from shallow-water free-living species could not be verified here. The present molecular phylogeny, nevertheless, provides some support that stenopoididean shrimps colonised the deep sea in multiple circumstances.

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

Infundibulicybe rufa sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae), a reddish brown species from southwestern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
QI ZHAO ◽  
YAN-JIA HAO ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
YANG-YANG CUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Pileus Surface

Infundibulicybe rufa sp. nov., is described from Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve, southwestern China. It is characterized by the combination of the following characters: umbilicate to slightly infundibuliform, reddish brown pileus; decurrent, cream lamellae; cylindrical stipe concolorous with the pileus surface. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicates that I. rufa is closely related to I. mediterranea and I. bresadolana. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa for the new taxon are presented.

Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
Kaoru Maeto ◽  
Alejandro Zaldivar-Riverón ◽  
Sergey Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Asian genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, a small and understudied group within the hymenopteran family Braconidae, is revised. A new genus exclusively from the Asian region, Asiabregma gen. nov., containing three species (A. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (type species, Japan and Malaya), A. makiharai sp. nov. (Japan) and A. sulaensis (van Achterberg), comb. nov. (Indonesia)) is described. One new species of Aulosaphobracon, A. striatus sp. nov. from Vietnam, and one of Facitorus, F. amamioshimus sp. nov. from Japan, are also described. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA and 28S rRNA sequences, the three genera previously placed in the tribe Facitorini, Facitorus, Conobregma and Jannya, together with Asiabregma gen. nov., are transferred to the rogadine tribe Yeliconini.

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