scholarly journals Highly contrasted responses of Mediterranean octocorals to climate change along a depth gradient

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 140493 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Pivotto ◽  
D. Nerini ◽  
M. Masmoudi ◽  
H. Kara ◽  
L. Chaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Different Response

Climate change has a strong impact on marine ecosystems, including temperate species. Analysing the diversity of thermotolerance levels within species along with their genetic structure enables a better understanding of their potential response to climate change. We performed this integrative study on the Mediterranean octocoral Eunicella cavolini , with samples from different depths and by means of a common garden experiment. This species does not host photosynthetic Symbiodinium , enabling us to focus on the cnidarian response. We compared the thermotolerance of individuals from 20 m and 40 m depths from the same site and with replicates from the same colony. On the basis of an innovative statistical analysis of necrosis kinetics and risk, we demonstrated the occurrence of a very different response between depths at this local scale, with lower thermotolerance of deep individuals. Strongly thermotolerant individuals were observed at 20 m with necrosis appearing at higher temperatures than observed in situ . On the basis of nine microsatellite loci, we showed that these marked thermotolerance differences occur within a single population. This suggests the importance of acclimatization processes in adaptation to these different depths. In addition, differences between replicates demonstrated the occurrence of a variability of response between fragments from the same colony with the possibility of an interaction with a tank effect. Our results provide a basis for studying adaptation and acclimatization in Mediterranean octocorals in a heterogeneous environment.

Multivariate variation within and between open-pollinated families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scagel ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby ◽  
J. Maze
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Family Variable ◽  
Family Variation

The morphological variation of seedlings from a single population of Pseudotsuga menziesii was examined and related to their maternal parentage (41 families) and speed of germination (selection) during the course of a common garden experiment. The largest source of variation among seedlings was attributed to within-family variation. Furthermore, within-family variable intercorrelations differed from family to family, suggesting that intrinsic causal factors are important to the generation and organization of variation. Pooled within-family variation was explored and shown to be related to the between-family variation. These results suggest that developmental and historical factors cannot be ignored in the interpretation and exploitation of sources of variation. Such considerations identify limitations to Neo-Darwinian explanations and suggest reappraisal of progeny trials with respect to these issues. The results also pose limitations to our interpretations of genetic similarity on the basis of multivariate morphological data.

scholarly journals Variations in Flavonoid Metabolites Along Altitudinal Gradient in a Desert Medicinal Plant Agriophyllum squarrosum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhou ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Chaoju Qian ◽  
Xiaoyue Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Agriophyllum Squarrosum ◽  
Pioneer Plant ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Ecological Basis

Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., a pioneer plant endemic to the temperate deserts of Asia, could be domesticated into an ideal crop with outstanding ecological and medicinal characteristics. A previous study showed differential flavonoid accumulation between two in situ altitudinal ecotypes. To verify whether this accumulation was determined by environmental or genetic factors, we conducted flavonoid-targeted metabolic profiling among 14 populations of A. squarrosum collected from regions with different altitudes based on a common garden experiment. Results showed that the most abundant flavonoid in A. squarrosum was isorhamnetin (48.40%, 557.45 μg/g), followed by quercetin (13.04%, 150.15 μg/g), tricin (11.17%, 128.70 μg/g), isoquercitrin (7.59%, 87.42 μg/g), isovitexin (7.20%, 82.94 μg/g), and rutin (7.00%, 80.62 μg/g). However, based on a common garden at middle-altitude environment, almost none of the flavonoids was enriched in the high-altitude populations, and even some flavonoids, such as quercetin, tricin, and rutin, were significantly enriched in low-altitude populations. This phenomenon indicated that the accumulation of flavonoids was not a result of local adaptation to high altitude. Furthermore, association analysis with in situ environmental variables showed that the contents of quercetin, tricin, and rutin were strongly positively correlated with latitude, longitude, and precipitation gradients and negatively correlated with temperature gradients. Thus, we could conclude that the accumulations of flavonoids in A. squarrosum were more likely as a result of local adaption to environmental heterogeneity combined with precipitation and temperature other than high altitude. This study not only provides an example to understand the molecular ecological basis of pharmacognosy, but also supplies methodologies for developing a new industrial crop with ecological and agricultural importance.

scholarly journals Mexican conifers differ in their capacity to face climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero ◽  
Maximilien Larter ◽  
Noelia González-Muñoz ◽  
Christian Wehenkel ◽  
Arnulfo Blanco-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Xylem Vulnerability ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Pinus Pseudostrobus

The recent massive dieback of forest trees due to drought stress makes assessment of the variability of physiological traits that might be critical for predicting forest response and adaptation to climate change even more urgent. We investigated xylem vulnerability to cavitation and xylem specific hydraulic conductivity in seven species of three principal conifer genera (Juniperus monticola, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus flaccida, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus devoniana, and the endangered Picea chihuahuana) of the Mexican mountains in order to identify the species most vulnerable to future warmer and drier climates. Hydraulic traits were examined using the in situ flow centrifuge technique (Cavitron) on branches collected from adult trees of natural populations and seedlings growing in a common garden. We found evidence of significant differences in xylem safety between genera (P50: pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance): the three juniper species exhibited low P50 values (ranging from -9.9 to -10.4 MPa), relative to the much more vulnerable pine and spruce species (P50 ranging between - 2.9 to - 3.3 MPa).  Our findings also revealed no variation in P50 between adult trees assessed in the field and seedlings growing in a common garden. We therefore propose that if, as projected, climate change makes their natural habitats much warmer and drier, populations of Mexican pines and the studied spruce will be likely to decline severely as a result of drought-stress induced cavitation, while the juniper species will survive.

scholarly journals Can intraspecific variation in a herbivorous mite alter responses to drought-stressed host plant? A common garden experiment in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Migeon ◽  
Philippe Auger ◽  
Odile Fossati ◽  
Ruth A Hufbauer ◽  
Maeva Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

The effects of drought stress on plants and phytophagous arthropods are topics currently extensively investigated in the context of climate change. Dryness not only impacts cultivated plants but also their parasites, which in some cases are favoured by drought. It represents a major challenge that agriculture is facing in a perspective of intensification of drought. Direct effects of drought on herbivorous arthropods typically produce bigger offspring and faster development but attractiveness can also occur. However, how much responses to abiotic factors differ among populations of a species remains poorly documented. The impact of drought-stressed plants on key life-history parameters is here investigated for a major agricultural pest, the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, depending on the climatic conditions of the localities at origin. Sampled localities represent a rather wide range of core climate conditions across the mite s native distribution area with contrasting climatic profiles, ranging from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities to medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities. Plant drought stress effects on mites was estimated by measuring four life history traits: development time, fecundity, sex-ratio and emigration rate in a common garden experiment made of two modalities: well-watered and drought-stressed bean plants. Mites feeding on drought-stressed plants displayed shorter developmental time and attempted to leave leaf patches less often, and young females were more fecund. The mites originating from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities respond more strongly to drought than mites originating from medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities, suggesting local adaptation of T. urticae populations to various aridity values and indicates that mite feeding behaviour is shaped by the climatic conditions they faced in the area of origin.

scholarly journals Local adaptation drives thermal tolerance among parasite populations: a common garden experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1830) ◽  
pp. 20160587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Mazé-Guilmo ◽  
Simon Blanchet ◽  
Olivier Rey ◽  
Nicolas Canto ◽  
Géraldine Loot
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Parasite Populations

Understanding the evolutionary responses of organisms to thermal regimes is of prime importance to better predict their ability to cope with ongoing climate change. Although this question has attracted interest in free-living organisms, whether or not infectious diseases have evolved heterogeneous responses to climate is still an open question. Here, we ran a common garden experiment using the fish ectoparasite Tracheliastes polycolpus , (i) to test whether parasites living in thermally heterogeneous rivers respond differently to an experimental thermal gradient and (ii) to determine the evolutionary processes (natural selection or genetic drift) underlying these responses. We demonstrated that the reaction norms involving the survival rate of the parasite larvae (i.e. the infective stage) across a temperature gradient significantly varied among six parasite populations. Using a Q st / F st approach and phenotype–environment associations, we further showed that the evolution of survival rate partly depended upon temperature regimes experienced in situ , and was mostly underlined by diversifying selection, but also—to some extent—by stabilizing selection and genetic drift. This evolutionary response led to population divergences in thermal tolerance across the landscape, which has implications for predicting the effects of future climate change.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

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