James Ivory, F.R.S., mathematician: ‘The most unlucky person that ever existed’

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
James Ivory

James Ivory (1765–1842) has been described as the finest British mathematician of his time, and he received many honours. Yet his career was largely unsuccessful and unhappy, and from the age of 51 he lived reclusively in retirement in London. The explanation for this paradox is that he suffered repeatedly from mental illness, perhaps paranoid schizophrenia.

Mentally Ill West Indian Immigrants

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (478) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
West Indian Immigrants

At present there exist in the literature numerous references to mental illness in different cultures; these vary from consideration of disorders peculiar to certain cultures, e.g. Koro, Latah, Amok, Wihtigo, etc., well reviewed by Yap (Yap, 51) to the problems of acculturation and mental illness. Examples of the latter include the studies of Tooth and Carothers, the latter suggesting that Westernization and detribalization increased the incidence of psychosis in Africans (Carothers, 2; Tooth, 45). Slotkin (42) pointed to the paranoid schizophrenia phenomena among acculturated Menomini. Hallowell (14, 15) found significant Rorschach differences between acculturated and unacculturated Salteaux.

Beliefs and Delusions of West Indian Immigrants to London

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (460) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Kiev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
West Africans ◽  
Confusional States

Psychiatrists have for long paid attention to mental illness in different communities and cultures. In Java, Kraepelin noted that melancholia and mania were rare and that depressive reactions rarely contained elements of sinfulness (9). Later, Bleuler commented upon differences between English and Irish patients and between Bavarian and Saxon patients (2). Others have described various “culture-bound” syndromes such as amok, the windigo psychosis of the Cree, Salteaux and Ojibwa, latah and Arctic hysteria (23, 5, 8, 11, 26). More recently Tooth has described a special category of “delusional” states in West Africans while Carothers has reported on “ill-defined” states and “primitive” psychoses among the West Africans (22, 4). Other workers have stressed the significance of cultural factors in the distribution of mental illness. Seligman noted in 1929 that confusional states were more common than systematized insanities among the Papuans of New Guinea and could not find any cases of manic depressive illness (17). Berne noted that toxic confusional psychoses rather than the schizophrenias were the predominant illness among hospitalized Malay (1). Carothers related Westernization to an increase in manifest paranoid behaviour among patients in Kenya (4). Similarly Spiro noted that the Ifaluk in the Carolines had violent paranoid outbursts only after Japanese occupation and Slotkin emphasized the paranoid schizophrenia phenomena among acculturated Menomini (20, 19). Opler found that lower class Filipinos had a high proportion of affective disorders and catatonic confusional states among the Hawaiian hospitalized, while Carothers and Tooth in Africa both found statistically low incidences of depression and suicidal states with relatively high rates of confusional states among African natives (13, 4, 22).

A Confederacy of Dunces: mental illness in the life and work of John Kennedy Toole

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-469
Author(s):  
Abhijit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Mental Illness Attitudes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Illness Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis article examines the life and work of John Kennedy Toole, focusing on his 1981 Pulitzer Prize winning novel A Confederacy of Dunces. Toole finished the novel in 1966 and, after failing to rework his manuscript to his editor's satisfaction, he shelved the project. Following this, he displayed symptoms typical of paranoid schizophrenia and he took his own life at the age of 31. In his novel, Toole parodies both psychoanalysis and the practice of psychiatry at the time, with a strong overlap with the emerging perspectives critical of psychiatry popularised by figures such as Szasz, Laing and Foucault. Toole's life and work have relevance for psychiatrists interested in the relationship between creativity and mental illness, attitudes towards psychiatry in the 1960s, and the interplay between societal values and judgements of mental health.

Characteristics and progress of patients who receive inpatient rehabilitation services

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Annett Kavanagh ◽  
Nnamdi Nkire ◽  
Ena Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Past History ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
North East ◽  
Training Programmes

AbstractObjectives:To describe the characteristics and progress of the first 50 patients with severe and enduring mental illness who accessed inpatient rehabilitation services in Dublin North East Mental Health Service between 2001 and 2006.Method:Retrospective collection of data on the first 50 inpatients from case notes and staff interviews. Data included demographics, psychiatric history, results of rehabilitation interventions and assessment tools. The results were compiled and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results:Fifty patients were identified. The majority were male (68%) with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (60%). The levels of co-morbid alcohol and drug misuse were 40% and 30% respectively. Histories of verbal/physical aggression were found in 92% and impulsive behaviour in 70%. The majority of patients had a past history of being detained under the Mental Treatment Act (1945). High levels of co-morbid physical health problems were identified. New long-stay (NLS) patients showed a trend towards requiring the shortest admissions prior to being ready for discharge to lower levels of support.Conclusion:One third of patients moved on to reside at lower support levels and accessed vocational training programmes following active inpatient rehabilitation interventions. However, there remained a cohort of patients who required prolonged inpatient admissions due to their high levels of disability. This study further highlights the need to ensure that a range of rehabilitation services from inpatient to supported community placement are provided to meet the needs of patients with severe and enduring mental illness with complex needs.

The impact of a rehabilitation and recovery service on patient groups residing in high support community residences

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kavanagh ◽  
Ena Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Past History ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Recovery Service ◽  
North East ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Support ◽  
Community Residences

AbstractObjectives: To describe the characteristics of the patient groups with severe and enduring mental illness residing in high support community residences in Dublin North East Mental Health Service and the impact of a rehabilitation and recovery service on their outcomes since the instigation of that service.Method: Data was collected retrospectively on current and past residents from case notes and staff interviews. Data included demographics, psychiatric history and results of rehabilitation interventions. The results were compiled and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Fifty patients were identified. The majority were male (62%) with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (66%).The levels of co-morbid alcohol and drug misuse were 48% and 36% respectively. Histories of verbal/physical aggression were found in 70% and noncompliance in 60%. Two thirds of patients had a past history of being detained under the Mental Treatment Act (1945). Ninety-four per cent were unemployed at admission to the residence and following rehabilitation intervention 60% were linked with vocational training programmes and 10% with community employment schemes. ‘New long-stay’ and ‘old long-stay’ patients showed a trend towards poorer outcomes, whereas patients who had previously lived in the community showed a trend towards progressing to lower levels of support.Conclusions: Positive outcomes were achieved following active rehabilitation interventions, but there remained a cohort of patients whose needs could not be met in a supported community rehabilitation residential programme. This highlights the need to ensure that a range of rehabilitation services from inpatient to supported community placement are provided to meet the needs of patients with severe and enduring mental illness with complex needs.

scholarly journals Kris Kristofferson/John Holt—‘Help Me Make It Through The Night’

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Simon Procter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Being There

As with all the contributors here, my chosen song comes from fieldwork. I spent time in an urban UK mental health community setting, a place which nobody has to attend (it is not part of the statutory psychiatric system), but where people choose to spend time to gain various kinds of support – formal and informal – whilst in other respects living independently despite (in most cases) having a psychiatric diagnosis. Most service users with whom I spent time were male, over forty, long-term unemployed, living on the economic edge, ever fearful about having their benefits withdrawn, and diagnosed with some form of mental illness, most commonly paranoid schizophrenia. My primary reason for being there was to participate in and observe the various interactions around the provision of music in general and music therapy in particular.  

Personal and social performance scale (PSP) in community-based patients with serious mental illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1517-1517
Author(s):  
T. Tsouvalas ◽  
L. Konstantinidou ◽  
G. Georgiou ◽  
E.-M. Birmpili ◽  
R. Nikolara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Residence Location ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPSP scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the functioning of patients with with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI).ObjectivesTo assess PSP performance in patients with SPMI.AimsRelapse prevention and maintenance of social functioning in the long-term management of SPMI.MethodsAssessments were made at the local CMHC on June, September and December 2009. Clinical and demographic characteristics were recorded.44 patients’ function per each domain was rated at six levels.The impact on total PSP scores of the following variables was examined (random intercept model): type of medication, gender, age, marital status, professional status, residence location, everyday living, follow-up visits and time under treatment.ResultsThe sample included 35. 80% male, 75% unmarried, 89% pensioners, 82% living with their families, 71% living in villages, 29% living in cities. Paranoid schizophrenia was the most frequent diagnosis.Statistically significant improvement from baseline to month 3 was showed for self care, personal and social relations subscales of PSP scale. Socially useful actions stabilized between month 3 and month 6, as well.The mean PSP scores increased from baseline to month 3 by 4.0 units (p = 0.012) and then stabilized. The mean score changed from month 3 to month 6 by approximately 0.1 units (P = 1.00).ConclusionThe functioning of patients with SPMI improved over time due to the monitoring by trained physicians and caregivers.The advices offered from the treating physicians towards functioning maintenance seemed to improve patients’ functioning.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA WHO HAVE COMMITTED SERIOUS ASSAULTIVE ACTS IN UZBEKISTAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saida Yеshimbetova ◽  
Bulat Chembaev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sociocultural Characteristics

Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan.Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups.Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements.Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group.Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation.      

P03-265 The importance of the multidisciplinary attention in the mental serious disorder. About a case

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1433-1433
Author(s):  
D. López Marco ◽  
R. Consuegra Sánchez ◽  
I. Mártinez Pérez ◽  
A. Gómez Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Patient ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Daily Dialysis ◽  
First Moment

IntroductionEl following work tries to show the difficulty of adherence to the treatment of our patients and the factors that influence the same one.AimsTo establish an alliance terapeútica in a patient with diagnosis of paranoid Esuizofrenia submitted to dialysis with void conscience of disease.Material and methodsSecondary chronicle treats itself about a 49-year-old male diagnosed of paranoid Schizophrenia with a renal disease to a chronic familiar GN in phase V in dialysis nowadays. He does not arouse of mental illness.Personal precedentsRenal chronic insufficiency in daily dialysis. Badly TA’s control and irregular follow-up of the diet. From Nefrología’s consultation they request interconsultation and psychiatric treatment.It is sent for nefróloga for valuation of pharmacological treatment by the aim to improve the adherence to his dialysis. From the first moment it considers to work together with nefrología to adapt treatment, being the mediating one the sister-in-law. We initiate treatment with paliperidona 3mgr/día. We remind that it of the nefróloga every day on having come to dialysis. Later we initiate treatment with injectable Risperidona of long duration 25mgr/14 days in increasing dose up to 75mgr/14días with good response.ResultsThough it keeps small conscience of presenting a mental illness, he accepts the treatment, improving both the psychotic symptomatology and the acceptance of his physical ailments.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary attention in the psychiatric patient and especially in the mental serious patient it is fundamental to obtain a good alliance and adherence to the treatment, and therefore to improve the forecast.

The impact of shame and cultural beliefs on mental illness and treatment adherence: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Albassam ◽  
A. Ameen ◽  
V. Chiappetta ◽  
A. Hanif ◽  
L. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionShame, especially when enmeshed in cultural beliefs about mental illness and cultural roles, could be a detrimental factor in psychiatric illness in context of adherence to treatment and continuation of care. Shame is defined as a painful experience which embodies multiple components including: collapse of self esteem, feeling of humiliation, rupture of self continuity, sense of isolation, and feeling of being watched by critical others.ObjectiveUnderstanding the psychodynamics of shame, in a particular cultural milieu and its components which could impact psychiatric treatment and care.MethodHere we present a case report of a 41-years-old Arab male patient from Yemen, with a history of paranoid schizophrenia who was admitted to inpatient psychiatric service for bizarre and aggressive behavior.ResultsInitially the depth of patient's delusions and psychotic symptoms were not fully appreciated due to the cultural gap between the patient and the treatment team. He was then re-valuated through the implementation of the cultural formulation interview (CFI) by clinicians from same cultural background. This team was able to elucidate the deep feelings of shame and inadequacy in patient's presentation and provide a culturally tailored treatment plan.ConclusionsEvaluation of psychiatric patients in a different cultural setting where western values do not apply might not be sufficient to assess the breadth of psychotic symptoms especially when an underlying feeling of shame contribute to presenting symptoms. Treatment of those patients with neuroleptics without assessing the cultural dynamics might result in poor adherence to medication and follow up.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document