scholarly journals Signal complexity communicates aggressive intent during contests, but the process is disrupted by noise

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20180841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriacos Kareklas ◽  
James Wilson ◽  
Hansjoerg P. Kunc ◽  
Gareth Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Erithacus Rubecula ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Song Complexity ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Contest Behaviour ◽  
New Evidence

Contestants use displays to signal their aggressive intent and settle disputes before they escalate. For birds, this is often in the form of song, which can vary in structural complexity. The role of song complexity in signalling aggressive intent has not been fully established, and its efficacy could be influenced by background noise levels. Using playback experiments, we found that in European robins, Erithacus rubecula, song complexity signalled sender aggression and affected receiver response. However, increased noise impacted the ability of contestants to adjust response based on opponent song complexity. These findings provide new evidence regarding the use of acoustic signal complexity for assessing opponent aggression and that noise can influence contest behaviour by interrupting this process, which could impose fitness consequences.

Modelling of structural complexity in sedimentary basins: The role of pre-existing faults in thrust tectonics

1993 ◽  
Vol 226 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sassi ◽  
B. Colletta ◽  
P. Balé ◽  
T. Paquereau
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Thrust Tectonics

New Evidence on the Role of the Media in Corporate Social Responsibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok El Ghoul ◽  
Omrane Guedhami ◽  
Robert Nash ◽  
Ajay Patel
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
The Media ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
New Evidence

Abnormalities of the HPA axis in affective disorders: clinical subtypes and potential treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Peter Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Brain

Background:New evidence is emerging regarding abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in subtypes of affective disorders. Adverse effects of HPA axis dysregulation may include dysfunction of monoaminergic transmitter systems, cognitive impairment and peripheral effects. Newer treatments specifically targeting the HPA axis are being developed.Objective:To review these developments focusing particularly on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone.Method:A selective review of the literature.Results:The function of GRs is increasingly being defined. The role of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the brain is also increasingly understood. HPA axis function is particularly likely to be abnormal in psychotic depression and bipolar disorder, and it is in these conditions that trials of the GR antagonist mifepristone are being focused. CRH antagonists and DHEA are also being investigated as potential treatments.Conclusion:Initial studies of mifepristone and other HPA-axis-targeting agents in psychotic depression and bipolar disorder are encouraging and confirmatory studies are awaited.

Cellular Samurai: katanin and the severing of microtubules

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (16) ◽  
pp. 2821-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Quarmby
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Microtubule Severing ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
New Evidence

Recent biochemical studies of the AAA ATPase, katanin, provide a foundation for understanding how microtubules might be severed along their length. These in vitro studies are complemented by a series of recent reports of direct in vivo observation of microtubule breakage, which indicate that the in vitro phenomenon of catalysed microtubule severing is likely to be physiological. There is also new evidence that microtubule severing by katanin is important for the production of non-centrosomal microtubules in cells such as neurons and epithelial cells. Although it has been difficult to establish the role of katanin in mitosis, new genetic evidence indicates that a katanin-like protein, MEI-1, plays an essential role in meiosis in C. elegans. Finally, new proteins involved in the severing of axonemal microtubules have been discovered in the deflagellation system of Chlamydomonas.

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