scholarly journals Patterns of philopatry and longevity contribute to the evolution of post-reproductive lifespan in mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20150992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Nichols ◽  
L. Zecherle ◽  
K. Arbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Adaptive Models ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Male Philopatry

While menopause has long been known as a characteristic trait of human reproduction, evidence for post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS) has recently been found in other mammals. Adaptive and non-adaptive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of PRLS, but formal tests of these are rare. We use a phylogenetic approach to evaluate hypotheses for the evolution of PRLS among mammals. In contrast to theoretical models predicting that PRLS may be promoted by male philopatry (which increases relatedness between a female and her group in old age), we find little evidence that male philopatry led to the evolution of a post-reproductive period. However, the proportion of life spent post-reproductive was related to lifespan and patterns of philopatry, suggesting that the duration of PRLS may be impacted by both non-adaptive and adaptive processes. Finally, the proportion of females experiencing PRLS was higher in species with male philopaty and larger groups, in accordance with adaptive models of PRLS. We suggest that the origin of PRLS primarily follows the non-adaptive ‘mismatch’ scenario, but that patterns of philopatry may subsequently confer adaptive benefits of late-life helping.

scholarly journals Mania in late life

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Felicity Richards ◽  
Martin Curtice
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Older Populations

SummaryMania in late life is a serious disorder that demands specialist assessment and management. However, it is greatly under-researched, with only a paucity of studies specifically analysing older populations. The mainstay of the old age psychiatry workload will inevitably be concerned with assessing and managing dementia and depression, but the steady rise in the aging population with longer survival means that there will be an increase in absolute numbers of older people presenting with mania. There are no specific treatment algorithms available for mania in late life. This article reviews mania and hypomania in late life and concentrates on diagnosis, assessment and treatment, as well as on the management considerations associated with this important age group.

Abstract WP169: Midlife to Late-Life Changes in Blood Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow in Old Age: the AGES-Reykjavik Study

Stroke ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Sabayan ◽  
Justine Moonen ◽  
Sigurdur Sigurdsson ◽  
Mark van Buchem ◽  
Osorio Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Life Changes

Old Age, Women, and Dynamic Psychotherapy

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Sandra Evans ◽  
Jane Garner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Dynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
The Arts

Old age can be a challenging time for people. It brings with it changes which include losses as well as opportunities for shifting one’s focus. Societal perceptions of ageing and projections of negative values associated with being old can act as a further blow to peoples’ general resilience. This chapter explores some of these societal projections over the centuries, in public and political life and in the arts. It examines how these influences may impact on women personally as we get older, including how we become ill psychologically and how we react to illness. What the authors consider to be important is that in late life, opportunities for restoration of the self still exist. People can and do recover from mental illness and older women can and do contribute to the wider social world in ways other than as mothers and carers.

‘I Don't Feel Old’: Subjective Ageing and the Search for Meaning in Later Life

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTA critique of the study of ageing by sociologists and historians is provided in this paper, on the basis of the comparative neglect of life history studies across the whole lifespan. It points to the skewed nature of studies reported in the literature. As a corrective, results from a UK life history based study are presented. It focuses on leisure, grand- parenting and intimate relationships between adults, leading to conclusions about the relationship between class factors in the determination of late life experiences and self perceptions of the meaning of old age.

scholarly journals PRECARITY IN LATE LIFE: RETHINKING DEMENTIA AS A FRAILED OLD AGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 671-671
Author(s):  
A.M. Grenier ◽  
C. Phillipson ◽  
E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Late Life

scholarly journals Positive psychiatry/psychology for older adults: a new and important movement but robust methodology is essential

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
View Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Positive psychiatry and the related positive psychology are offering a much needed alternative framework through which to view the psychology of old age (Jeste et al., 2015). Traditional models of old age tend to approach the subject from a negative view point where themes of dependency and decline can be common (Cumming and Henry, 1961). In contrast, positive psychiatry and psychology refer to the scientific study of strengths and capabilities that contribute to well-being (Seligman, 1998). Some of these can be thought of as character strengths and evidence suggests that concepts such as hope, humour, integrity, and gratitude are universal, with examples documented in at least 54 nations across the world (Park et al., 2006). Researchers aligned to these theoretical models seek to explore complex approaches to measuring and improving mental health, recognizing that well-being is often a dynamic interplay between positive and negative psychological processes and outcomes (Lomas and Ivtzan, 2016).

scholarly journals The Process of Successful Ageing

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret M. Baltes ◽  
Laura L. Carstensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Research ◽  
Gains And Losses

AbstractAs increasingly more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, theoretical attention to successful ageing is needed. In this paper, we overview historical, societal and philosophical evidence for a deep, long-standing ambivalence about human ageing that has influenced even scientific views of old age. In recent years, however, discussion of the psychological and behavioural processes people use to maintain and reach new goals in late life has gained momentum. We contribute to this discussion the metamodel of selective optimisation with compensation, developed by Baltes and Baltes. The model is a metamodel that attempts to represent scientific knowledge about the nature of development and ageing with the focus on successful adaptation. The model takes gains and losses jointly into account, pays attention to the great heterogeneity in ageing and successful ageing, and views successful mastery of goals in the face of losses endemic to advanced age as the result of the interplay of the three processes, selection, compensation, and optimisation. We review evidence from the biological and social science literatures for each component and discuss new research avenues to study the interaction of the three processes.

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