scholarly journals Energetics of stress: linking plasma cortisol levels to metabolic rate in mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Haase ◽  
Andrea K. Long ◽  
James F. Gillooly
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Baseline Concentrations ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Point Of Departure

Physiological stress may result in short-term benefits to organismal performance, but also long-term costs to health or longevity. Yet, we lack an understanding of the variation in stress hormone levels (i.e. glucocorticoids) that exist within and across species. Here, we present comparative analyses that link the primary stress hormone in most mammals (i.e. cortisol) to metabolic rate. We show that baseline concentrations of plasma cortisol vary with mass-specific metabolic rate among cortisol-dominant mammals, and both baseline and elevated concentrations scale predictably with body mass. The results quantitatively link a classical measure of physiological stress to whole-organism energetics, providing a point of departure for cross-species comparisons of stress levels among mammals.

Men's and Women's Mating Preferences: Distinct Evolutionary Mechanisms?

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Carol Miller ◽  
Anila Putcha-Bhagavatula ◽  
William C. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Species Comparisons

Have men and women evolved sex-distinct mating preferences for short-term and long-term mating, as postulated by some evolutionary theorists? Direct tests of assumptions, consideration of confounds with gender, and examination of the same variables for both sexes suggest men and women are remarkably similar. Furthermore, cross-species comparisons indicate that humans do not evidence mating mechanisms indicative of short-term mating (e.g., large female sexual skins, large testicles). Understanding human variability in mating preferences is apt to involve more detailed knowledge of the links between these preferences and biological and chemical mechanisms associated with sexual motivation, sexual arousal, and sexual functioning.

Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Linda W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
University Of Virginia ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Enhanced Recovery Programs ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEnhanced recovery programs (ERPs) aim to reduce psychological and physiological stress related to surgery, and minimize opioid use. This article describes the tenets of enhanced recovery, the guidelines for ERP in lung surgery, and the University of Virginia experience with developing and implementing a program. The impact of these strategies on short-term patient outcomes and potential long-term benefits including influence on lung cancer-specific outcomes are reviewed. The opioid crisis is of utmost importance; this article will explore how ERPs may be a mitigating factor.

scholarly journals Physiological indicators of stress in gestating sows under different cooling systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1549-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quiñonero ◽  
Carlos García-Santamaría ◽  
Emilio María-Dolores ◽  
Eva Armero
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Good Medium

The objective of this work was to determine physiological stress markers, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and corticoid concentrations, in gestating sows under different cooling systems. A sprinkling cooling system (SS) and a system based on fan-assisted evaporative cellulose pad (PS) were used. SS showed higher N/L ratio (1.095) than PS (0.850). Corticoid concentrations showed high variability. Corticosteroids are more efficient short-term stress indicators while N/L ratio is a good medium and long-term stress indicator. According to N/L ratio, gestating sows under PS benefit from a higher level of welfare.

Supporting the supporter

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meara H. Faw
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Health

The social, economic, and physical costs associated with providing long-term care for a child with disabilities can be overwhelming, and it is not uncommon for caregivers to experience burnout, emotional distress, and significant health ailments as a result of their commitment to their child. Social support can be a key resource to combat these negative effects, as ample research has shown that social support can act as a buffer to the negative effects of stress. The current study explored whether short-term supportive interactions between parents of children with disabilities and members of their supportive network ( n = 40 dyads) influenced the physiological stress responses (as measured by salivary cortisol) of both interactants. Results indicated that receiving support in a short interaction resulted in parents experiencing decreases to their physiological stress, though the quality of the support played a key role in determining how beneficial the interaction was in this context. These results suggest the importance of considering support quality when examining the influence of social support on physical outcomes for support recipients.

scholarly journals In Times of Trouble: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Responses to Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C Campbell ◽  
J Jeffrey Inman ◽  
Amna Kirmani ◽  
Linda L Price
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The World ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying economic downturn have dramatically impacted the lives of consumers around the world. From a conceptual perspective, such health and economic threats can severely disrupt consumers’ sense of ontological security and elicit adaptive responses by both consumers and marketers. Given the opportune timing, this issue of the Journal of Consumer Research is focused on articles that address questions of consumers’ responses to external threats. The purpose of this introduction is to provide an organizing “conceptual tapestry” to connect the articles appearing in the issue. This framework is provided as a tool to help researchers structure their particular projects within the broader landscape of consumer threat response and to present some potential directions for future research. In conjunction with these articles, we hope that this conceptual framework will provide a point of departure for researchers seeking to enhance the understanding of how consumers and markets collectively respond over the short term and long term to threats that disrupt consumers’ routines, lives, or even the fabric of society.

ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE UPON REPEATED STIMULATION WITH CORTICOTROPHIN IN PATIENTS LACKING ENDOGENOUS CORTICOTROPHIN SECRETION

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kolanowski ◽  
W. Esselinckx ◽  
C. Nagant de Deuxchaisnes ◽  
J. Crabbé
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Steroid Withdrawal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Adrenocortical Response

ABSTRACT The role played by a normal endogenous corticotrophin secretion in the mechanism by which adrenocortical steroidogenic response to ACTH increases as a result of previous administration of the peptide, was assessed by repeated ACTH administration in 25 patients under prolonged cortico-therapy and in 13 patients with anterior hypophyseal insufficiency. The response to ACTH (250 μg tetracosapeptide iv over 8 h) was evaluated on the basis of changes in plasma cortisol and in the urinary excretion of cortisol and 17-ketogenic steroids. The steroidogenic response to the first ACTH infusion was markedly reduced in these patients when compared to control subjects, or even to subjects on short-term dexametasone. However, in these patients as in normals, acute ACTH administration was followed by a phase, lasting for 3 days at least, during which the steroidogenic response to further ACTH stimulation was increased. When ACTH was infused repeatedly on 4 consecutive days in patients on long-term cortico-therapy, adrenocortical responsiveness was rapidly restored to normal. By contrast, when ACTH was administered every fourth day, a less pronounced enhancement of adrenocortical responsiveness occurred, the secretory activity returning to previous hypo-adrenal state between each stimulation.. These data indicate that the mechanism of amplified adrenocortical response to ACTH does not require continuous endogenous corticotrophin secretion. They further suggest that intermittent corticotrophin therapy may be more adequate in promoting recovery of adrenocortical function on steroid withdrawal than a schedule consisting of daily ACTH administration, since the latter is thought to slow down hypothalamic-pituitary activity because of concomitant sustained enhancement of steroidogenesis.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document