OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES CAUSED BY THE LARVAE OF HYPODERMA BOVIS (L.) AND HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DE VILL.) (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) IN TISSUES OF CATTLE

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Epidural Fat ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation

The lesions in submucosal and adventitial connective tissue of the oesophagus of cattle caused by the migrating larvae of Hypoderma lineatum (De Vill.), consist of pseudocystic areas and tracks of a gelatinous fibrinous exudate containing necrotic cellular debris and collagen fibres in various stages of dissolution surrounded by accumulations of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The larvae feed on the dissolved connective tissue. These changes suggest that migration through the tissues is mainly by enzymic dissolution of collagen fibres and ground substance. Similar changes were found in the connective tissue surrounding the muscles of "licked beef". The larvae of H. bovis (L.) in the epidural fat cause areas of fat necrosis and sometimes invade the periosteum and dura. The greenish colour of the tracks is due to infiltrations of eosinophils. The warble shows a mixed picture of chronic granulomatous and non-suppurative inflammation, encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue. The larva is surrounded by a vascular layer of granulation tissue infiltrated with eosinophils, large mononuclears and plasma cells. Numerous giant cell systems and pseudotubercles are present. The larvae feed on the exudate within the warble cavity. Areas of suppuration are rarely found. The healing of the warble and the reaction to dead larvae are described.

scholarly journals CATTLE HYPODERMATOSIS IN SOUTH TAJIKISTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Sodatkhonova ◽  
Khudoidodov ◽  
Razikov
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis

The article presents data on the infestation of cattle by subcutaneous gadflies in the southern regions of Tajikistan. It has been established that two species of subcutaneous gadfly parasitize in cattle – Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. The prevalence of gadfly larva in cattle is 11.4–31.1% and the intensity of infection is 2–21 specimens, and Hypoderma lineatum larva is 4.6–11.3% and the intensity of infection is 5–15 specimens of connective tissue capsules per animal, respectively. Connective tissue capsules Hypoderma bovis in the back area of animals appeared in late January and early February, and Hypoderma lineatum in late December and early January. Development of larvae under the skin of animals lasted on average 50–55 days. The release of the Hypoderma lineatum larva was noted in the second and third decades of February, and the gadfly in mid-March. The flying of the Hypoderma lineatum imago is from mid-April to the second decade of June, and the gadfly from the second decade of May to early July at an optimal air temperature of 18–25°C. This is due to the fact that there are favorable natural and climatic conditions in these areas for the development of larvae in the pupation stage and a fairly dense population of animals (cattle) per a hectare of pasture.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

scholarly journals Endometritis and Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia in a Goat

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaher A. Radi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Superficial Epithelium ◽  
Cystic Masses

Histologic examination was performed on uterine biopsy samples of irregular cystic masses noted during caesarean section of a 2-year-old female Boer goat. Histopathologic examination revealed multifocal erosions of the superficial epithelium and multifocal infiltration of the endometrium by widely scattered viable and degenerate neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells admixed with mild amounts of cellular debris and hemorrhage. The endometrium was markedly expanded by many irregular cystic and hyperplastic glands. This is the first case report of endometritis and cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a goat in North America.

Porudominskie and Herzenberg. Towards the doctrine of the pathological anatomy of male gonorrhea. (Ztsch. F. Urol, No. II, 1936)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 938-938
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Surface Layers

The material of the authors consists of 5 cases of gonorrhea that died from accidental causes, 1 case of amputation and 3 cases. extirpation of the paraurethral course. Conclusions: the gonorrhea process is played out in the epithelium and connective tissue of the genitourinary tract and has an exudative-proliferative character. The inflammatory infiltrate consists of lymphoid cells, plasma cells, leukocytes, and eosinophils. The squamous epithelium is not an obstacle to the penetration of infection this is clearly seen when studying the process in the paraurethral passages. The penetrated deep into the gonococcus are phagocytosed by lecocytes in the surface layers of the submucosa. Metaplasia of columnar epithelium in squamous and transitional, can be in any part of the genitourinary tract and can be detected before the onset of gonorrhea. Litreitis is not necessary for gonorrhea. Prostatitis can be without vesiculitis.

scholarly journals The neuroma-like structure of the long-time severed and isolated nerve stumps

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eros Abrantes Erhart ◽  
Cecil J. Rezze
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Distal Nerve

The long-time severed and isolated intermediate and distal nerve segments, maintained undisturbed in their connective tissue bed, completely separated from each other and from the proximal stump, are repopulated by nerve-fibres which origin is still unknown. The extremities of such nerve segments present complex nervous nodules capped by fibrous tissue, neuroma-like structures.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF A FIBROUS TISSUE WHICH APPEARS IN LIVING CULTURES OF ADULT FROG TISSUES

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Baitsell
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Adult Frog ◽  
Hanging Drop Method ◽  
Living Tissues

In living cultures of various kinds of adult frog tissues, which have been made according to the hanging drop method, there occurs, in many cases, a transformation of the plasma clot by which it becomes entirely changed from a typical fibrin net both in appearance and structure. The changes in the fibrin net generally begin when the culture is from two to three days old. During these changes it appears that the elements of the fibrin net fuse or consolidate, and as a result a great number of fine wavy fibrils are formed which unite to form wavy bundles of fibers, and these freely intertwine and anastomose as they ramify through the area of the plasma clot. The transformation of the fibrin net occurs first in the region of the clot which lies next to the imbedded tissue, gradually extends to the distal regions of the clot, and in time—as a rule in about two weeks—the entire plasma clot becomes changed from the fibrin net into a structure which to all appearances is identical with regular connective tissue. Photographs of both living and preserved cultures have been made to show the course of the transformation of the plasma clot and the development of the fibers. Experiments have been made which show that the fibers which are formed are not outgrowths of the imbedded tissue. Also they are not formed by an intracellular action, but arise directly by a transformation of the fibrin elements of the plasma clot. Experiments have been made which indicate that the transformation of the fibrin net will not occur unless it has come under the influence of living tissues or of living isolated cells. However, mechanical means, such as exerting tension on the clot with needles, may hasten the formation of the fibers. Also, in some cultures, movements of living isolated cells appear to aid in the formation of the fibers. The living tissues alone, however, are able to cause the fibers to form without the aid of any apparent mechanical factor. This is shown by cultures of various tissues in which no cell movement occurs and in which the plasma clot is undisturbed and yet a prolific formation of fibers may take place. Experiments have been made in order to determine the true nature of the transformed plasma clot and to see if the new fibrous tissue were still fibrin in character. The results that have so far been obtained from these tests have not been entirely conclusive and leave the question unsettled. The transformation of the fibrin net results in a shrinkage of the clot. It also becomes very tough and resistant to injury and, therefore, entirely different from the fragile and easily destroyed fibrin net when in its original condition. It is believed that such a reaction must play an important part in wound healing. A study of the relation between connective tissue fibers formed in wound healing and in embryonic development to the fibers formed in the plasma clot is being made, and the results will appear in a later paper.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS AS A CRITERION FOR CELL IDENTIFICATION, CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE SMALL CORTICAL CELLS OF THE THYMUS

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Danchakoff
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Small Lymphocyte ◽  
Thymus Cell ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Granular Lymphocytes

The main problem which has been considered in this paper is the identification of the small thymus cells. Cells resembling ?A infiltrate the cortical layer of the thymus. Whether these cells are true lymph cells, or whether they merely represent a disguised epithelial cell, could not be solved either by purely histological or by histo- and embryogenetic studies. Text-fig. 1 gives a scheme for the differentiation of the small thymus cells and the small lymphocytes, which led to a conception of the lymphoid nature of the small thymus cells. On the left of the figure is shown the origin and the normal differentiation of the small lymphocytes and their mother cells in birds. The source of the lymphoid cells is the loose mesenchyme. The small lymphocytes (S. Lmc.), normally situated in the spleen, in the connective tissue, and in the bone marrow, appear as differentiation products of the lymphoid hemocytoblasts (L. Hbl.), especially when the latter multiply intensely in a limited space, become smaller (S. L. Hbl.), and finally change their morphological structure. The small lymphocytes may themselves under definite conditions undergo further differentiation and develop into plasma cells (Plc.) and into granular lymphocytes (Gr. Lmc.), specific for birds. The mother cells of the small lymphocytes, the lymphoid hemocytoblasts, on the other hand, differentiate in granulopoietic organs (spleen, bone marrow) into granulocytoblasts (Grbl.) and granulocytes (Grc. (Lkc.) ). The histogenetic study of cell ?A shows that its nearest stem cells are represented by the cells ?B and ?C (page 93). The striking similarity in the structure of cell ?A with that of the small lymphocyte (on the left of the text-figure), as well as the analogy of the process of its differentiation, at the expense of cells ?B and ?C, with the normal origin of the small lymphocytes, has led many investigators to accept the mesenchymal origin of the small thymus cells. According to this view, cell ?A becomes a true small lymphocyte. In addition to this is the observation of an invasion of the epithelial thymus anlage by mesenchymal elements. According to the transformation theory cell ?A has become a disguised epithelial cell. The same was admitted for their stem cells ?B and ?C. As mentioned above, many characteristic morphological features of cell structure were shown to be not as essential as previously admitted. Nerve cells and epithelial and connective tissue cells may all assume a spherical shape in a liquid medium. How then are we to regard the small thymus cell ?A ? If the mother cell of the thymus cell ?A is really a lymphoid hemocytoblast, it must possess the differentiation potentialities of a true lymphoid hemocytoblast; it must have the faculty of differentiating not only into small lymphocytes but also into granulocytoblasts (Grbl.'') and further into granulocytes (Grc. (Lkc.)''). If the small thymus cell ?A is a small lymphocyte it must under definite conditions be able to differentiate in the directions characteristic of true small lymphocytes; namely, into plasma cells (Plc.'') and into granular lymphocytes (Gr. Lmc.''). The existence of these possibilities for differentiation of the small thymus cells ?A and their stem cells ?C have been experimentally proved by this study. It has been shown that the mother cell ?C may under certain conditions proliferate intensely and differentiate into granulocytoblasts and granular leukocytes. This is probably due to the stimulating action of certain metabolic products of the grafted spleen cells. It has been also shown that the small thymus cell ?A may differentiate physiologically into a granular lymphocyte, and under administration of x-ray into a plasma cell. All the changes observed on the small thymus cells and their mother cells apply under equal conditions to the lymphoid hemocytoblasts and to the true small lymphocytes in the regions of the organism where these cells are present.

Prenatal undernutrition increases fat deposition and collagen content within skeletal muscle in the porcine fetus

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
J. Karunaratne ◽  
C. Ashton ◽  
N.C. Stickland
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fat Deposits

Connective tissue content of skeletal muscle plays a key role in meat quality. Previous pilot studies carried out in our lab have indicated that the smallest littermate may have a higher proportion of connective tissue in skeletal muscle (Clelland A., 2001). Connective tissue provides a structure to the muscle belly and is composed of ground substance, fibres and connective tissue cells. A proportion of these three elements of the connective tissue comprise of collagen I and fat deposits. This is an important concept to the meat industry as an increased amount of these components can increase meat toughness and intramuscular fat respectively, both having an impact on the resultant meat quality. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between undernutrition, collagen and fat content using a naturally occurring model. In the pig, it can be argued that differing levels of nutrition received, in utero, are a major cause of intra-litter variation. Therefore the smallest and largest littermates were chosen and content of collagen I and fat deposition were analysed in the M. semitendinosus of both.

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