scholarly journals Ageing and thermal performance in the sub-Antarctic wingless fly Anatalanta aptera (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae): older is better

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lalouette ◽  
P. Vernon ◽  
H. Amat ◽  
D. Renault
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

Senescence is a progressive biological process expressed in behavioural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and cellular age-related changes. Age-associated alterations in activity are regularly found in insects when examining whole-organism senescence over the adult lifespan. In addition, overall stress resistance usually decreases with senescence. In the present study, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and the subsequent recovery period over the lifespan of the sub-Antarctic wingless fly, Anatalanta aptera . Experiments were conducted on males and females in seven age groups: newly emerged, 1.5-, 5-, 7-, 13-, 15- and 18-month-old adults. Surprisingly, CT min decreased significantly with ageing in A. aptera , from −3.8 ± 0.5°C just after the emergence to −5.6 ± 0.7°C in the 18-month-old flies. The subsequent recovery period remained similar between the seven groups tested. Our unexpected results contradict the previous data collected in other insects. We have demonstrated for the first time that ageing may improve rather than impair locomotor activity during unfavourable thermal conditions. It raises questions and challenges the literature dealing with ageing. These fascinating results also question the underpinning mechanisms involved in the improvement of the thermal performance with ageing in A. aptera .

scholarly journals Age-related aspects of parasitic morbidity among children in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
E. A. Kochergina ◽  
Yu. N. Proskurnova ◽  
M. O. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Perm Region

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among children, who live in the city of Perm. Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the monthly reports of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Perm Region for 20152020. These reports include the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among four age groups of children: from 1 month to 2 years, 36 years, 714 and 1517 years. Results. Enterobiosis, ascariasis and toxocarosis predominate in the structure of the morbidity in the city of Perm. We found that over the past five years, there has been an increase in the incidence of enterobiosis by 16 %, but the increase in the incidence of ascariasis and toxocarosis reduced 18 and 25 %, respectively. The rate of decline remains insufficient and the incidence of enterobiosis exceeds the All-Russian one by 2.8 times, ascariasis by 2.7 times and toxocarosis by 4.3 times in comparison with the incidence of parasitic infestations in the Russian Federation. We found that the peak incidence of each nosology falls on the preschool age from 3 to 6 years. Just at this age period, children enter organized groups for the first time, get acquainted with the world through "taste it" and have low sanitary skills. Conclusions. A routine parasitic screening is effective, since in 2020, more than a half of sick children in Perm were identified during preventive examinations (65.7 %) and only in 34.3 % of cases the diagnosis of parasitic infestation was established on the basis of clinical data.

Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-Year National Registry Study, 1998 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Koch ◽  
Elvira V Bräuner ◽  
Alexander S Busch ◽  
Martha Hickey ◽  
Anders Juul
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
First Time

Abstract Context Gynecomastia, the proliferation of mammary glandular tissue in the male, is a frequent but little-studied condition. Available prevalence data are based on selected patient populations or autopsy cases with their inherent bias. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate the age-related incidence and secular trends in gynecomastia in the general population. Design An observational, 20-year national registry study was conducted. Setting This population-based study used nationwide registry data. Participants Participants included all Danish males (age 0-80 years) with a first-time diagnosis of gynecomastia. Main Outcome Measures All Danish males (age 0-80 years) were followed up for incident diagnosis of gynecomastia in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 using the International Codes of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Danish Health Care Classification System. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated. The hypothesis tested in this study was formulated prior to data collection. Results Overall, a total 17 601 males (age 0-80 years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of gynecomastia within the 20-year study period, corresponding to 880 new cases per year and an average 20-year incidence of 3.4 per 10 000 men (age 0-80 years). The average annual incidence was 6.5/10 000 in postpubertal males age 16 to 20 years and 4.6/10 000 in males age 61 to 80 years, with a respective 5- and 11-fold overall increase in these 2 age groups over the 20-year period. Conclusions The incidence of gynecomastia has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, implying that the endogenous or exogenous sex-steroid environment has changed, which is associated with other adverse health consequences in men such as an increased risk of prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disorders.

Sex- and age-related differences in bilirubin concentrations in serum.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rosenthal ◽  
M Pincus ◽  
D Fink
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract The relation between age and sex and the concentration of bilirubin in serum was evaluated in 6740 men and 11 215 women, ages 13 to 96 years. Mean serum bilirubin concentrations in the men significantly exceeded values in the women over all age groups examined. Further, mean serum bilirubin concentrations were greatest both in males and females in the 19-24 years age group and then declined to former values, which persisted throughout life. Pearson correlation coefficients for bilirubin with liver function indices (albumin and total protein) and with hemoglobin were low in all ages and in both sexes, suggesting that bilirubin concentrations do not correlate with those liver functions not directly concerned with bile pigment processing.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PANCREAS GROWTH IN THE RACCOON DOG INHABITING THE RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE BELARUSIAN SECTOR OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
K.D. Kavaliou ◽  
D.N. Fiadotau
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

The objective of the study was to determine the age-related anatomical features and patterns of growth of the pancreas of the raccoon dogs in the zone of removal of the anthropogenic load of the exclusion zone. For the research 4 age groups were used. The terminology of the described structures of the pancreas was brought into compliance with the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that for the raccoon dog, living in a radiation zone, the linear and weight parameters of the pancreas growth depend on age.

Bad Odors Stick Better Than Good Ones

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Christina Öberg-Blåvarg ◽  
Fredrik U. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Better Than

The influences of perceived odor qualities on the retention of olfactory information across the adult lifespan were examined. Young (19–36 years), young-old (60–74 years), and old (75–91 years) adults (n = 202) rated a set of unfamiliar odors across a series of perceptual dimensions (i.e., pleasantness, intensity, and irritability) at encoding. The overall results indicated that memory for unpleasant olfactory information was better than that for pleasant odors across the lifespan. Also, participants showed better retention for odors perceived with high intensity and irritability than for odors rated with low or medium scores. Interestingly, the old adults showed selective beneficial memory effects for odors rated as highly irritable. To the extent that perceptions of high irritability reflect an activation of the trigeminal sensory system, this finding suggests that older adults may use trigeminal components in odor information to compensate for age-related impairments in olfactory memory.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON CHANGES IN THE HEART RATE OF RATS SUBJECT TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3310-3315
Author(s):  
Bulat Ildarovich Vakhitov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the reaction of animal heart rate to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. It was revealed that on the first day after modeling an open head injury in rats of all age groups, a pronounced increase in heart rate was observed. In this case, the smallest heart rate response to brain injury is observed in animals of immature age. It was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of mature and preschool age after modeling a craniocerebral injury contributes to a significant decrease in heart rate. A more pronounced formation of training bradycardia is observed in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting motor activity and performing isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury maintain heart rate at an increased level in all age groups of animals and significantly inhibits the natural, age-related decrease in heart rate in immature animals.

Lexical entrenchment and cross-language activation: Two sides of the same coin for bilingual reading across the adult lifespan

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA WHITFORD ◽  
DEBRA TITONE
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Cross Language

We used eye movement measures of paragraph reading to examine whether two consequences of bilingualism, namely, reduced lexical entrenchment (i.e., reduced lexical quality and accessibility arising from less absolute language experience) and cross-language activation (i.e., simultaneous co-activation of target- and non-target-language lexical representations) interact during word processing in bilingual younger and older adults. Specifically, we focused on the interaction between word frequency (a predictor of lexical entrenchment) and cross-language neighborhood density (a predictor of cross-language activation) during first- and second-language reading. Across both languages and both age groups, greater cross-language (and within-language) neighborhood density facilitated word processing, indexed by smaller word frequency effects. Moreover, word frequency effects and, to a lesser extent, cross-language neighborhood density effects were larger in older versus younger adults, potentially reflecting age-related changes in lexical accessibility and cognitive control. Thus, lexical entrenchment and cross-language activation multiplicatively influence bilingual word processing across the adult lifespan.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in performance and fatigability during an isometric quadriceps intermittent fatigue test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Varesco ◽  
Eric Luneau ◽  
Léonard Féasson ◽  
Thomas Lapole ◽  
Vianney Rozand
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in fatigability induced by an isometric quadriceps intermittent fatiguing test in young (<35 years old), old (>60 years old) and very old (>80 years old) men and women. Maximal force loss, contractile function and voluntary activation of the knee extensors were evaluated throughout an isometric fatiguing test using femoral nerve magnetic stimulations. Older adults performed more contractions (index of relative performance) than young (P = 0.046) and very old adults (P = 0.007), without differences between young and very old adults. Total work (absolute performance) was greater for young and old adults compared to very old adults (P < 0.001), without differences between young and old adults. At exhaustion, force loss was greater for young (−28 ± 9%) compared to old adults (−19 ± 8%), but not very old adults (−23 ± 8%). The response to femoral nerve stimulation decreased similarly at exhaustion for the three age groups, indicating similar alteration in contractile function with age. No impairment in voluntary activation was observed. Impairments in neuromuscular parameters were similar for men and women. This study showed that older adults were less fatigable than young adults during an isometric intermittent fatiguing task of the knee extensors. This greater fatigue resistance was not maintained in very old adults independent of sex. Fatigability at exhaustion was likely due to impairments in contractile function for the three age groups.

Children's, Adolescents', and Young Adults' Heart Rate Reactivity to, and Recovery from, a Brief Psychological Stressor

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Sharpley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Psychological Stressor ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Heart rate reactivity to a 2 minute mental arithmetic stressor delivered under timed and competitive conditions and graded for age-related difficulty was collected on 148 males and 153 females grouped into five age cohorts ranging from 7 to 20 years. Data on resting heart rate, heart rate during the stressor period, and post-stressor recovery showed significant sex (females had higher heart rates) and age effects (there was a general decrease in heart rate with age). There were no significant interactions between age and sex. Mean heart rate reactivity also showed significant variation with age, but no significant differences between males and females, nor any significant interaction between age and sex. The age effect for heart rate reactivity appeared to be a result of the oldest age group having significantly greater increases in heart rate than all other age groups.

scholarly journals Gender features of age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-705
Author(s):  
A K Mamedbeyli
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Features ◽  
Overall Mortality

Aim. To explore the hypothesis of equal age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases in females and males. Methods. Descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis were performed. 13 580 medical certificates of cause of death, all related to nervous diseases (all classes of ICD-10) were analyzed. Results. The mortality rate increased with age. Age-specific mortality rates had gender differences. In most ages (20-24, 30-34, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 65-69), mortality rate was higher in males, at the age of 5-9, 15-19, 60-64, 70 and over - in females. Death relative risk in males of different age groups (compared to the similar rates in females) varied between 0.39 (in the age group of 5-9 years) to 5.93 (in patients aged 20-24 years). Overall, the level of mortality associated with nervous diseases was 130.02±1.69 per 100 000 in males and 163.41±1.86 per 100 000 in females, so, overall mortality rate was 1.25 times higher in females. After adjustment for age differences was performed, no significant differences were found between the groups (146.74 and 144.16 per 100 000 respectively for males and females). Conclusion. Gender features of age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases were characterized by multidirectional alterations of mortality rates and share of nervous diseases among all reasons of mortality. These features were mainly caused by situational factors (different age structure and overall mortality level for males and females), and vanished after adjustment.

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