scholarly journals Genetic bottlenecks and successful biological invasions: the case of a recent Lessepsian migrant

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Golani ◽  
Ernesto Azzurro ◽  
Maria Corsini-Foka ◽  
Manuela Falautano ◽  
Franco Andaloro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks ◽  
The Mediterranean

Our current understanding of the mechanisms that lead to successful biological invasions is limited. Although adaptations play a central role in biological invasions, genetic studies have so far failed to produce a unified theory. The bluespotted cornetfish, a recent Red Sea invader in the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal, provides an ideal case study for research in the mechanisms of invasive genetics. In this study, we show that the invading bluespotted cornetfish underwent a severe population bottleneck that reduced the genetic diversity of this immigrant to only two mitochondrial haplotypes. Although loss of genetic diversity is considered detrimental to the need to adapt to new environments, bluespotted cornetfish experienced an unprecedented success and rapid spread across the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Genetics of a Lessepsian sprinter: the bluespotted cornetfish, Fistularia commersonii

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Tenggardjaja ◽  
Alexis Jackson ◽  
Frank Leon ◽  
Ernesto Azzurro ◽  
Daniel Golani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mediterranean

Our current understanding of the mechanisms that lead to successful biological invasions is limited. Although local adaptation plays a central role in biological invasions, genetic studies have failed to produce a unified theory so far. The bluespotted cornetfish, a recent invader of the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal, provides an ideal case study to research the mechanisms of invasive genetics. Previous genetic work based on mitochondrial markers has shown the genetic diversity of the Mediterranean population was greatly reduced in comparison to the natural population in the Red Sea. In the current study, we expand upon these studies by adding mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Mitochondrial results confirm previous findings. The nuclear marker, however, does not show evidence of reduction in diversity. We interpret these results as either a differential dispersal capability in males and females, or the presence of selection on the invading Mediterranean population.

scholarly journals Loss of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Overexploited Mediterranean Swordfish (Xiphias gladius, 1759) Population

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Righi ◽  
Andrea Splendiani ◽  
Tatiana Fioravanti ◽  
Elia Casoni ◽  
Giorgia Gioacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Over Exploitation

Intense and prolonged mortality caused by over-exploitation could drive the decay of genetic diversity which may lead to decrease species’ resilience to environmental changes, thus increasing their extinction risk. Swordfish is a high commercial value species, especially in the Mediterranean Sea, where it is affected by high catch levels. Mediterranean swordfish consist of a population genetically and biologically distinct from Atlantic ones and therefore managed as a separate stock. The last Mediterranean swordfish stock assessment reported that in the last forty years Mediterranean swordfish has been overfished and, to date, it is still subject to overfishing. A comparison between an available mitochondrial sequence dataset and a homologous current sample was carried out to investigate temporal genetic variation in the Mediterranean swordfish population over near twenty years. Our study provides the first direct measure of reduced genetic diversity for Mediterranean swordfish during a short period, as measured both in the direct loss of mitochondrial haplotypes and reduction in haplotype diversity. A reduction of the relative females’ effective population size in the recent sample has been also detected. The possible relationship between fishery activities and the loss of genetic diversity in the Mediterranean swordfish population is discussed.

Geoeconomic Leverage of Natural Gas Resources in the Mediterranean

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Economic Influence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Influence Attempts ◽  
Gas Fields

This article examines the claim that Israel’s natural gas exports from its Mediterranean gas fields will give geopolitical leverage to Tel Aviv over the importing countries. Using the geoeconomic tradition of Klaus Knorr and others who wrote about applying leverage using economic resources to gain geopolitical advantage, it is argued that certain criteria have to be satisfied for economic influence attempts, and that Israel’s gas exports do not satisfy these criteria. They include the importer’s supply vulnerability, the supplier’s demand vulnerability, and the salience of energy as an issue between both countries. Israeli gas exports to Egypt are used as a case study.

The formation of the Egyptian Arabic dialect area

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Behnstedt ◽  
Manfred Woidich
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
The Mediterranean

This chapter deals with the sedentary dialects of Egypt, excluding the bedouin dialects of Sinai and the Libyan bedouin dialects on the Mediterranean coast. It attempts to combine historical information on the settlement of Arabic tribes in Egypt with accounts of present-day Egyptian dialects and those of the regions from which those tribes came, initially Yemen and the Levant, later Hejaz, and then the Maghreb. The diversity of the Egyptian Arabic dialect area is partly explained by external factors, namely different layers of arabization over centuries. It is also explained by internal factors, namely dialect contact, which implies phenomena such as hyperdialectisms. Egypt is seen as a dialect area in its own right, but one that shows phenomena of a transitional area between the Arab East and West. A case study of Alexandria deals with dialect death. The role of substrata is discussed, but is considered negligible.

scholarly journals Mitogenomics of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) reveals dramatic loss of diversity and supports historical gene-flow between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Rey-Iglesia ◽  
Philippe Gaubert ◽  
Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo ◽  
Rosa Pires ◽  
Constanza De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals, with only 600–700 individuals restricted to three populations off the coast of Western Sahara and Madeira (North Atlantic) and between Greece and Turkey (eastern Mediterranean). Its original range was from the Black Sea (eastern Mediterranean) to Gambia (western African coast), but was drastically reduced by commercial hunting and human persecution since the early stages of marine exploitation. We here analyse 42 mitogenomes of Mediterranean monk seals, from across their present and historical geographic ranges to assess the species population dynamics over time. Our data show a decrease in genetic diversity in the last 200 years. Extant individuals presented an almost four-fold reduction in genetic diversity when compared to historical specimens. We also detect, for the first time, a clear segregation between the two North Atlantic populations, Madeira and Cabo Blanco, regardless of their geographical proximity. Moreover, we show the presence of historical gene-flow between the two water basins, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of at least one extinct maternal lineage in the Mediterranean. Our work demonstrates the advantages of using full mitogenomes in phylogeographic and conservation genomic studies of threatened species.

Thinning in mature eastern white pine: 43-year case study

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Anderson ◽  
John C Zasada ◽  
Glen W Erickson ◽  
Zigmond A Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Over Time

A white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand at the western margin of the species range, approximately 125 years of age at present, was thinned in 1953 from 33.5 m2 ha-1 to target residual basal areas of 18.4, 23.0, 27.5, and 32.1 m2 ha-1 . Repeated measurement over the following 43-years indicated that the greatest total volume production and the greatest number of large diameter trees occurred in the unit of highest residual density. Over time, the distribution of stems was predominantly random although mortality between 1979 and 1996 resulted in a tendency for clumping in the 23.0 and 27.5 m2 ha-1 treatments. DNA analysis indicated that thinning intensity had little effect on the genetic diversity of residual white pine. This study suggests that mature white pine stands in northern Minnesota may be managed at relatively high densities without loss of productivity. However, regardless of overstory density, there was little or no white pine regeneration occurring in this stand. Key words: thinning, growth, genetic diversity, molecular markers, spatial pattern, regeneration

AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in Turkish green plum accessions (Prunus cerasifera L.) adapted to the Mediterranean region

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ayanoğlu ◽  
S. Bayazit ◽  
G. İnan ◽  
M. Bakır ◽  
A.E. Akpınar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Protect the Natives to Combat the Aliens: Could Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Be a Natural Agent for the Control of the Lionfish Invasion in the Mediterranean Sea?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Crocetta ◽  
Maria Shokouros-Oskarsson ◽  
Nikolaos Doumpas ◽  
Ioannis Giovos ◽  
Stefanos Kalogirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Natural Agent

Biological invasions constitute a major threat to native ecosystems and to global biodiversity [...]

Host range and physiologic specialization in Rhynchosporium secalis

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
WJR Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

The pathogenic variability of isolates of R. secalis collected in Western Australia has been examined on different host genera of the Gramineae and on selected barley cultivars. Depending on the host-isolate combination and the conditions of the test, evidence has been obtained of inter- and intra-isolate variability in both host reaction and isolate pathogenicity. This complicates definitive interpretation of the results, militates against identification of conventional 'races' of the pathogen and shows that R. secalis does not exhibit strict host specialization. Hosts which consistently express resistance or susceptibility under different environmental conditions, and isolates which express their pathogenic characteristics consistently, have been identified. The need for more precise genetic studies and adequate sampling of genetic diversity is emphasized.

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