scholarly journals Gut reaction by heartless shrimps: experimental evidence for the role of the gut in generating circulation before cardiac ontogeny

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
General Body ◽  
Invertebrate Species

Before the appearance of a functional heart in many invertebrate species, the assumption was that general body movements provide circulatory function. Consequently, I investigated the frequency of gut movements in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana , immediately post-hatch to the point when a functional heart appeared. Prior to cardiac ontogeny, movements of internal musculature and gut provided pre-cardiac circulatory currents with the rate of gut movements increasing when swimming limbs were impeded. There was also some evidence that gut movements were responsive to low oxygen, indicating a possible regulatory function for the gut in early circulation. Overall, this suggests that general body movements are not always adequate to provide internal circulation in small, heartless individuals.

A case study to optimise and validate the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana immobilisation assay with silver nanoparticles: The role of harmonisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kos ◽  
Anne Kahru ◽  
Damjana Drobne ◽  
Shashi Singh ◽  
Gabriela Kalčíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Franciscana

TESTING GOAL-DRIVEN CAPTURE BY THREAT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robert Harrison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Stimuli

Attention has long been characterised within prominent models as reflecting a competition between goal-driven and stimulus-driven processes. It remains unclear, however, how involuntary attentional capture by affective stimuli, such as threat-laden content, fits into such models. While such effects were traditionally held to reflect stimulus-driven processes, recent research has increasingly implicated a critical role of goal-driven processes. Here we test an alternative goal-driven account of involuntary attentional capture by threat, using an experimental manipulation of goal-driven attention. To this end we combined the classic ‘contingent capture’ and ‘emotion-induced blink’ (EIB) paradigms in an RSVP task with both positive or threatening target search goals. Across six experiments, positive and threat distractors were presented in peripheral, parafoveal, and central locations. Across all distractor locations, we found that involuntary attentional capture by irrelevant threatening distractors could be induced via the adoption of a search goal for a threatening category; adopting a goal for a positive category conversely led to capture only by positive stimuli. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence for a causal role of voluntary goals in involuntary capture by irrelevant threat stimuli, and hence demonstrate the plausibility of a top-down account of this phenomenon. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to current cognitive models of attention and clinical disorders.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of pathogenic role of IgG autoantibodies in IgA nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 102593
Author(s):  
Zina Moldoveanu ◽  
Hitoshi Suzuki ◽  
Colin Reily ◽  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Lea Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Pathogenic Role

scholarly journals O-GlcNAcylation protein disruption by Thiamet G promotes changes on the GBM U87-MG cells secretome molecular signature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecilia Oliveira-Nunes ◽  
Glaucia Julião ◽  
Aline Menezes ◽  
Fernanda Mariath ◽  
John A. Hanover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV glioma highly aggressive and refractory to the therapeutic approaches currently in use. O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role for tumor aggressiveness and progression in different types of cancer; however, experimental evidence of its involvement in GBM are still lacking. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in maintaining the composition of the GBM secretome, whereas inhibition of OGA activity disrupts the intercellular signaling via microvesicles. Using a label-free quantitative proteomics methodology, we identified 51 proteins in the GBM secretome whose abundance was significantly altered by activity inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (iOGA). Among these proteins, we observed that proteins related to proteasome activity and to regulation of immune response in the tumor microenvironment were consistently downregulated in GBM cells upon iOGA. While the proteins IGFBP3, IL-6 and HSPA5 were downregulated in GBM iOGA cells, the protein SQSTM1/p62 was exclusively found in GBM cells under iOGA. These findings were in line with literature evidence on the role of p62/IL-6 signaling axis in suppressing tumor aggressiveness and our experimental evidence showing a decrease in radioresistance potential of these cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that OGA activity may regulate the p62 and IL-6 abundance in the GBM secretome. We propose that the assessment of tumor status from the main proteins present in its secretome may contribute to the advancement of diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic tools to approach this relevant malignancy.

scholarly journals Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8197
Author(s):  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽  
Adela Adamus ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

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