scholarly journals Efficient utilization of very dilute aquatic sperm: sperm competition may be more likely than sperm limitation when eggs are retained

2003 ◽  
Vol 270 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Pemberton ◽  
Roger N. Hughes ◽  
Patricio H. Manrìquez ◽  
John D. D. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Sperm Limitation

scholarly journals Ejaculate evolution in external fertilizers: Influenced by sperm competition or sperm limitation?

Evolution ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Liao ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Mao Jun Zhong ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Sperm Limitation

scholarly journals Gamete evolution and sperm numbers: sperm competition versus sperm limitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1791) ◽  
pp. 20140836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Parker ◽  
Jussi Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Concave Function ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Sperm Limitation ◽  
Gamete Competition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intensity Model

Both gamete competition and gamete limitation can generate anisogamy from ancestral isogamy, and both sperm competition (SC) and sperm limitation (SL) can increase sperm numbers. Here, we compare the marginal benefits due to these two components at any given population level of sperm production using the risk and intensity models in sperm economics. We show quite generally for the intensity model (where N males compete for each set of eggs) that however severe the degree of SL, if there is at least one competitor for fertilization ( N − 1 ≥ 1), the marginal gains through SC exceed those for SL, provided that the relationship between the probability of fertilization ( F ) and increasing sperm numbers ( x ) is a concave function. In the risk model, as fertility F increases from 0 to 1.0, the threshold SC risk (the probability q that two males compete for fertilization) for SC to be the dominant force drops from 1.0 to 0. The gamete competition and gamete limitation theories for the evolution of anisogamy rely on very similar considerations: our results imply that gamete limitation could dominate only if ancestral reproduction took place in highly isolated, small spawning groups.

scholarly journals Engineering the biomimetic cofactors of NMNH for cytochrome P450 BM3 based on binding conformation refinement

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 12036-12042
Author(s):  
Yao Liu ◽  
Yalong Cong ◽  
Chuanxi Zhang ◽  
Bohuan Fang ◽  
Yue Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
P450 Bm3 ◽  
Binding Conformation ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Bm3

A rational design strategy was proposed to improve the efficient utilization of alternative biomimetic cofactor by P450 BM3 enzyme.

scholarly journals Sperm Competition in the Absence of Fertilization in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Singson ◽  
Katherine L Hill ◽  
Steven W L’Hernault
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Sperm Precedence ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Competition Assays

Abstract Hermaphrodite self-fertilization is the primary mode of reproduction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. However, when a hermaphrodite is crossed with a male, nearly all of the oocytes are fertilized by male-derived sperm. This sperm precedence during reproduction is due to the competitive superiority of male-derived sperm and results in a functional suppression of hermaphrodite self-fertility. In this study, mutant males that inseminate fertilization-defective sperm were used to reveal that sperm competition within a hermaphrodite does not require successful fertilization. However, sperm competition does require normal sperm motility. Additionally, sperm competition is not an absolute process because oocytes not fertilized by male-derived sperm can sometimes be fertilized by hermaphrodite-derived sperm. These results indicate that outcrossed progeny result from a wild-type cross because male-derived sperm are competitively superior and hermaphrodite-derived sperm become unavailable to oocytes. The sperm competition assays described in this study will be useful in further classifying the large number of currently identified mutations that alter sperm function and development in C. elegans.

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