Detection of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in Phryma leptostachya L.: A New Native Plant Host in Minnesota

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Sara A. Bratsch ◽  
Jennifer S. Flynn ◽  
Benham E. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Corky Ringspot

To our knowledge, this is the first report of TRV infection in P. leptostachya. The repeated isolation of TRV from plants in isolated, uncultivated habitats suggests that TRV may be endemic to North America. Further studies are needed to determine if infected native perennial plants could serve as a potential TRV reservoir that could cause corky ringspot infection in potato. Accepted for publication 9 October 2014. Published 29 December 2014.

scholarly journals First Report of Anther Smut Caused by Microbotryum violaceum on Forked Catchfly (Silene dichotoma) in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
D. Berner ◽  
B. Tunali
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
First Report ◽  
Anther Smut

Forked catchfly (Silene dichotoma Ehrh.), family Caryophyllaceae, is a common and native plant in rangelands and pastures in Turkey. It is also an introduced plant that is widely distributed in North America. In May of 2007, approximately 20 forked catchfly plants on the campus of Ondokuz Mayis University in Samsun, Turkey were found diseased with the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.:pers.) G. Deml & Oberw. (Basidiomycota, Microbotryomycetes, Microbotryales [3], Microbotryaceae). All anthers in all flowers of diseased plants were smutted. Diseased flowers were collected, air dried, and sent to the quarantine facility of the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU), USDA/ARS, Fort Detrick, MD. Teliospores within the flowers were extracted and observed microscopically. Teliospores were globose, 6 to 9 μm (mean 6.5 μm) in diameter, pale violet, with reticulate walls, and matching the description of M. violaceum (4). Nucleotide sequences for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1 and 2) and 5.8S ribosomal region (GenBank Accession No. EU122308) were aligned with other sequences in GenBank with the BLAST algorithm. Sequences of this isolate aligned 99% with sequences of other isolates of M. violaceum, M. lychnidis-dioicae (A.P. de Candolle ex J.I. Liro) G. Deml & F. Oberwinkler, and M. silenes-inflatae (A.P. de Candolle ex J.I. Liro) G. Deml & F. Oberwinkler and clustered with other M. violaceum isolates. M. violaceum is an obligate parasite of many plant species in the Caryophyllaceae family, and the fungus has been widely studied as a model for population genetics and evolutionary biology (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. violaceum parasitizing forked catchfly in Turkey, and is the only report of this fungus-plant interaction in Asia Minor (1). The fungus has not been reported from this plant in North America (1). A voucher specimen has been deposited with the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 878235) and living spores are being maintained at FDWSRU. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2007. (2) T. Giraud. Heredity 93:559, 2004. (3) D. S. Hibbett et al. Mycol. Res. 111:509, 2007. (4) K. Vánky. European Smut Fungi. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1994.

scholarly journals First Report of Tobacco rattle virus Causing Corky Ringspot in Potatoes Grown in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Gudmestad ◽  
I. Mallik ◽  
J. S. Pasche ◽  
J. M. Crosslin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tuber Necrosis ◽  
Corky Ringspot

In July 2007, potato tubers cv. Russet Burbank (RB) with necrotic arcs and spots were detected in three fields in Buffalo County, Wisconsin and one field in Benson County, Minnesota. Umatilla Russet (UR) potatoes harvested from the west half of a field in Swift County, MN had similar, but visually distinct necrotic lesions. Portions of one field in Minnesota were abandoned, and the stored potato crop from two fields in Wisconsin was rejected by processors, representing a total crop loss due to tuber necrosis. Tuber symptoms displayed in both cultivars resembled those described for corky ringspot caused by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (4). Total RNA was isolated from necrotic tuber tissue crushed in liquid nitrogen and extracted using the Total RNA Isolation Kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI). These extracts were tested for the presence of TRV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers complementary to nucleotides 6555 to 6575 and identical to nucleotides 6113 to 6132 within the 3′ terminal open reading frame of TRV RNA-1 (3). The expected 463-bp fragments were amplified from RB tubers. Nucleotide sequences from a Wisconsin and Minnesota isolate (GenBank Accession Nos. EU569290 and EU569291, respectively) were 99 to 100% identical to the corresponding region in a published TRV sequence (GenBank Accession No. AF055912). A 396-bp fragment was amplified from UR tubers and sequence data (GenBank Accession No. EU569292) indicated a unique 63 nucleotide sequence was substituted for a 129 nucleotide sequence spanning residues 227 to 357 of the 463-bp amplicon from the RB TRV isolates. Seven fragments were sequenced from different UR tubers and the 396-bp fragment was identical among them. The sequence outside the substituted region had 92% identity to the published TRV sequence. Amplification of the full-length TRV RNA2 using primers 179/180 located in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (2) was successful for 28 and 0% of the RB and UR samples, respectively, suggesting that the RNA2 is not present in these strains or has undergone significant mutation. TRV-infected sap from both potato cultivars was mechanically transmitted to tobacco cv. Samsun NN and these plants subsequently tested positive for TRV by ELISA using ATCC antiserum PVAS 820. Ninety tubers exhibiting mild to severe symptoms of TRV were planted in the greenhouse. Each tuber was bisected laterally; necrotic tissue was removed from one half of the tuber and tested for the presence of TRV using RT-PCR protocols described above for RNA1. The remaining half was bisected horizontally and both sections were planted. Foliage from each emerged plant was subsequently also tested by RT-PCR for TRV RNA1. All RB tubers from Wisconsin tested positive for TRV, but only 7 of 24 emerged plants tested positive. Only 72% of the UR tubers and 4 of 25 emerged plants tested positive. TRV has been confirmed in California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Michigan (1), Oregon, and Washington. To our knowledge, this is the first report of corky ringspot in potato caused by TRV in Minnesota and Wisconsin. References: (1) W. W. Kirk et al. Plant Dis. 92:485, 2008. (2) S. A. MacFarlane. J. Virol. Methods. 56:91, 1996. (3) D. J. Robinson. J. Virol. Methods 40:57, 1992. (4) S. A. Slack. Tobacco rattle virus. Page 71 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. 2nd ed. W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.

scholarly journals First Report of Tobacco rattle virus Associated with Corky Ringspot in Potatoes Grown in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. David ◽  
I. Mallik ◽  
N. C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tuber Necrosis ◽  
Corky Ringspot

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) belongs to the genus Tobravirus and causes a stem mottle of potato (Solanum tuberosum) foliage and necrotic arcs and rings in tubers referred to as corky ringspot. This virus is generally transmitted by a number of species of stubby-root nematode. The virus is widespread and has been reported in California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (2). In the spring of 2009, we received potato tubers of cv. Russet Burbank with internal necrotic arcs very similar to those caused by TRV from potato storages located in Grand Forks and Dickey counties of North Dakota. Total RNA was extracted from the necrotic lesions of two tubers from each location using the Total RNA Isolation kit (Promega Corp., Madison WI). These extracts were tested for TRV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers complementary to nucleotides 6555 to 6575 (Primer A) and identical to nucleotides 6113 to 6132 (Primer B) within the 3′ terminus of TRV-SYM RNA-1 (GenBank Accession No. X06172) (3). The expected 463-bp amplicons from two separate tuber samples from each county were cloned (TOPO Cloning; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and sequenced. The sequences obtained from the four clones at both locations were found to be identical to each other and were 99% identical to the corresponding regions of TRV isolates from Michigan and Florida (GenBank Accession Nos. EU315226.1 and AF055912.1, respectively). Since sequences from all four clones were identical, only one of the sequences was submitted to Genbank (Accession No. GQ223114) and thus represents a consensus sequence. The extracts also tested positive in RT-PCR with a second set of primers corresponding to sequences in TRV RNA-2 yielding a 3.8-kbp amplicon (1). No evidence was found by RT-PCR for several other viruses that cause tuber necrosis in potato (Potato mop top virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, and tuber necrosis strains of Potato virus Y). The virus was mechanically transmitted by inoculating sap from symptomatic tubers from both counties to tobacco cv. Samsun NN, which showed typical bright yellow patches and spots on leaves 2 weeks postinoculation. TRV was confirmed in tobacco by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from tobacco leaves with both sets of the aforementioned primers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TRV in North Dakota and the first report of corky ringspot disease of potato in this state. References: (1) J. M. Crosslin et al. Virus Res. 96:99, 2003. (2) N. C. Gudmestad et al. Plant Dis. 92:1254, 2008. (3) D. J. Robinson. J. Virol. Methods 40:57, 1992.

scholarly journals First Report of Corky Ringspot in Potatoes Caused by Tobacco rattle virus in Jiangsu Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhu ◽  
Y. K. Zhou ◽  
K. Qian ◽  
Y. P. Che ◽  
Y. M. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
First Report ◽  
Corky Ringspot

scholarly journals First Report of Corky Ringspot Caused by Tobacco rattle virus on Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Kirk ◽  
S. L. Gieck ◽  
J. M. Crosslin ◽  
P. B. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
First Report ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Internal Necrosis ◽  
Corky Ringspot ◽  
Storage Facilities

Potato is the fourth most important agricultural commodity in Michigan and is grown for table stock, chip processing, and seed. Tubers are either processed or fresh packed immediately following harvest or sent to storage. Tubers of potato cv. FL1879 representing two separate fields in Huron County were removed from separate storage facilities in February and March of 2007, and substantial internal necrosis was observed in 1 to 2% of the tubers. Symptoms included arcs similar to those caused by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). This virus is a member of the genus Tobravirus and is transmitted by a number of species of stubby-root nematodes (Paratrichodorus or Trichodorus spp.). Stubby-root nematodes have been reported previously from Michigan (1). To confirm the presence of TRV, nucleic acid extractions were made from these symptomatic tubers (3). Samples were initially tested for TRV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers specific to the 16 kDa open reading frame on genomic RNA-1 (2). Samples from both storage facilities were positive. The 463-bp RT-PCR product, amplified with these primers, was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU315227) and was 99.6% identical to the corresponding region of two TRV isolates from Florida and Washington (GenBank Accession Nos. AF055912 and EU315226, respectively). In addition, sap from cv. FL1879 tuber samples was used to transmit the virus mechanically to tobacco cv. Samsun NN, which produced typical TRV symptoms following inoculation, and sap extracts from the tobacco leaves also tested positive with antiserum specific to TRV upon subsequent ELISA testing. Corky ringspot can result in substantial losses, with entire potato fields being rejected because of internal tuber damage. Once found, fields must be considered permanently at risk to this disease due to the large host range of both the virus and the nematode vector. This disease has been previously found in the United States in California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and it is likely present in Indiana. To our knowledge, this is the first report of corky ringspot and TRV on potato in Michigan. References: (1) G. W. Bird and N. Knobloch. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:76, 1976. (2) J. M. Crosslin and P. E. Thomas. Am. Potato J. 72:605, 1995. (3) G. G. Presting et al. Phytopathology 85:436, 1995.

First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in coyotes in mainland North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (24) ◽  
pp. 747-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Marie Priest ◽  
Donald T Stewart ◽  
Michael Boudreau ◽  
Jason Power ◽  
Dave Shutler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
First Report

First Report of Powdery Mildew of Lycium chinense (Chinese Matrimony Vine) Caused by Arthrocladiella mougeotii in the Pacific Northwest

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Lycium Chinense ◽  
First Report ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Plant Grown

Chinese matrimony-vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) is a traditional medicinal plant grown in China and used as a perennial landscape plant in North America. This report documents the presence of powdery mildew on L. chinense in the Pacific Northwest and describes and illustrates morphological features of the causal agent. It appears to be the first report of a powdery mildew caused by Arthrocladiella in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 10 November 2004. Published 8 December 2004.

scholarly journals First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing rot of garlic bulbs in North America

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Dugan ◽  
B. C. Hellier ◽  
S. L. Lupien
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
First Report

Functional analysis of three AHL autoinducer synthase genes in Mesorhizobium loti reveals the important role of quorum sensing in symbiotic nodulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Yang ◽  
Kejing Sun ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Ruifu Yang ◽  
Zengtao Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Successful Establishment

One of the most important signal transduction pathways in bacteria, quorum sensing, is involved in many regulatory circuits in rhizobia, especially in the control of communication between rhizobia and their plant hosts. In this study, we identified 3 autoinducer synthase genes — mrlI1, mrlI2, and mrlI3 — in Mesorhizobium loti NZP 2213. We found that MrlI1 and MrlI2 could synthesize distinct N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducers in rich medium cultures, and the expression of mrlI1 was shown to be growth-phase-dependent. MrlI3 did not produce any detectable AHL molecules under the culture conditions tested. To investigate whether these AHL synthases affect nodulation, we examined the nodulation of AHL-deficient mutants on their native plant host Lotus corniculatus and found that the efficiency of nodulation of bacteria with mutations of any of these 3 synthase genes was reduced, suggesting that quorum sensing systems in M. loti may play an important role in successful establishment of rhizobium–legume symbiosis.

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