scholarly journals First Report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, and Garlic common latent virus in Garlic in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
B. C. Hellier ◽  
F. M. Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Pcr Test

Washington State ranks fourth in the country in garlic (Allium sativum) production (2). The impact of viruses on garlic production may be significant in Washington State, but little is known about the occurrence or identity of specific viruses (2). The USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) collects, maintains, and distributes garlic accessions. As part of the regeneration process, accessions are grown in field conditions at the WRPIS farm in Pullman, WA. In June 2004, several WRPIS accessions developed symptoms indicative of viral infection, primarily chlorotic spots and yellow stripes on leaves and scapes. Cultivars Georgia Fire and Georgia Crystal showed more than 90% incidence of symptomatic plants. Some chlorotic spots appeared similar to those caused by Iris yellow spot virus on other Allium spp. such as A. cepa. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with IYSV-specific primers (1) did not reveal the presence of IYSV. Degenerate, group-specific primers to potyviruses (3) and carlaviruses (courtesy of S. D. Wyatt) were used on total nucleic acids extracted from each symptomatic plant with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The samples (n = 26) gave an RT-PCR product of the expected size with the group-specific potyvirus RT-PCR test. One sample was positive with the carlavirus group RT-PCR test. RT-PCR products from both tests were cloned and sequenced. Comparisons with sequences in GenBank showed that all but one had Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), whereas one sample had a mixed infection of OYDV and Leek yellow stripe virus. Sequence analysis showed that the carlavirus was Garlic common latent virus. Sequence identities ranged from 95 to 99% for each of the viruses when compared with those available in GenBank. All samples were then tested for each of these viruses with commercially available antisera. Results of ELISA confirmed the findings of RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report for each of these garlic viruses from Washington State. This finding prompts the need for evaluating all garlic accessions for the potential impact of these viruses on garlic germ plasm conservation and distribution. References: (1) L. J. du Toit et al. Plant Dis. 88:222, 2004. (2) R. M. Hannan and E. J. Sorensen. Crop Profile for Garlic in Washington. Washington State University Coop Extension and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2002. (3) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993.

scholarly journals First Report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, and Garlic common latent virus in Garlic in Oregon

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Gieck ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
P. B. Hamm ◽  
N. L. David
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Composite Samples

A general mosaic and yellowing of leaves of three cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L., Late, Early, and Germinador) were observed in two seed-production fields in Morrow County, OR in June 2005. Approximately 50% of plants within the 50-ha fields were symptomatic. With recent findings of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), and Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) in Washington (2), 45 composite samples of 10 leaves each from symptomatic (mosaic and yellowing) and nonsymptomatic plants were analyzed with a GCLV-specific antiserum (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). All samples of ‘Germinador’ were infected regardless of symptoms, whereas 6.7% of all ‘Late’ and ‘Early’ samples were positive. GCLV infection was verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers specific to the coat protein gene of GCLV followed by cloning and sequencing of the cloned amplicon. To determine the presence of a potyvirus, all composite samples were also tested with a general potyvirus antiserum (Agdia) and all samples from symptomatic plants were found to be positive. Representative positive samples from each cultivar were then tested by RT-PCR using degenerate, potyvirus group specific primers (3), and an amplicon of the expected size was obtained. To confirm which potyvirus was present, amplicons were cloned and sequenced, and sequence comparisons indicated that the representative samples were infected with OYDV. All symptomatic samples from the three cultivars were positive for OYDV when tested by RT-PCR using primers specific to its coat protein gene (1). Additionally, 53.3 and 6.7% of ‘Early’ and ‘Late’ samples, respectively, were also positive when tested with LYSV-specific primers (4). LYSV infection was further verified through cloning and sequencing of the cloned amplicon. Because this garlic is grown for seed, studies are being initiated to determine if current season spread occurs and yields are reduced. To our knowledge, this is the first report of OYDV, LYSV, and GCLV in garlic in Oregon. References: (1) P. Lunello et al. J. Virol. Methods 118:15, 2004. (2) H. R. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 89:205, 2005. (3) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993. (4) T. Tsuneyoshi et al. Phytopathology. 86:253, 1996.

scholarly journals Distribution of viruses in the shallot germplasm collection of the Czech Republic – Short Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Smékalová ◽  
Helena Stavělíková ◽  
Karel Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

The Czech collection of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) genetic resources (122 accessions) was surveyed for the presence of four different viruses, i.e. Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), and Shallot latent virus, by DAS-ELISA. The shallot seems to be resistant against GCLV because none of the tested plants was infested by this virus. Other three viruses were found with an incidence ranging from 53% to 93% for genotypes and 48% to 87% for plants. Most of the tested shallot genotypes were simultaneously infected with two or three viruses. These results were compared with neighbouring collection of garlic where all four viruses were found widespread with an incidence ranging from 65% to 83% for genotypes and 39% to 61% for plants.  

scholarly journals Distribución viral en plantas de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) asintomáticas

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Velásquez-Valle ◽  
Manuel Reveles-Hernández ◽  
Mario Domingo Amador-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

Se estudió por medio de DAS- ELISA la distribución del Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV, virus del enanismo amarillo de la cebolla), Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV, virus latente común del ajo), Shallot latent v irus (SLV, virus latente del chalote), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV: virus de la franja amarilla del puerro), Tobacco etch virus (TEV, virus del jaspeado del tabaco) y Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, virus de la marchitez manchada del jitomate) en hojas, psdeudotallo e inflorescencia de plantas de cebolla asintomáticas colectadas en diferentes épocas de 2010 en tres localidades del estado de Zacatecas, México. Se registró la presencia de esos virus en los órganos mencionados aunque resultó frecuente detectar infecciones mezcladas en hojas individuales donde las interacciones más comunes involucraban dos, tres y cuatro virus. No se encontró una tendencia que relacione la presencia viral con los órganos vegetales analizados o con la edad de las hojas; sin embargo, las infecciones con un solo virus parecen ser menos frecuentes en las hojas de edad intermedia.

scholarly journals Incidence of viruses in cloves and bulbils of garlic ecotypes in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Sara Godena ◽  
Dean Ban ◽  
Gvozden Dumičić ◽  
Smiljana G. Ban
Keyword(s):  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

In a survey on the sanitary status of garlic collection performed in 2016 at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč (Croatia), 24 ecotypes and cultivars were tested by DAS-ELISA test for the presence of four main garlic viruses: Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV). The least frequent virus was SLV, whereas the most frequent was LYSV. In most ecotypes the infection of cloves was lower than infection of bulbils, while for SLV we found higher infection in cloves. Total virus infection of Istrian ecotypes was lower than infection of Dalmatian ones. Total incidence of viruses in Croatian garlic material ranged from 40.6% to 100.0%, depending on ecotype. In imported cultivar ‘Rose de Lautrec’ we found no infection with SLV. A high percentage of mixed infections in garlic cloves was also found and for double infections it ranged from 69% to 88%. Infection with all tested viruses was observed in 78% cloves. The most infected combination was double infections with potyviruses LYSV+OYDV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SLV infection in garlic in Croatia.

scholarly journals Double Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot latent virus in Garlic from Several Regions in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Nurenik Nurenik ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Susamto Somowiyarjo ◽  
Argawi Kandito
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Lot ◽  
Véronique Chovelon ◽  
Sylvie Souche ◽  
Brigitte Delecolle
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to determine the effect of two potyviruses, onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), on the symptoms, growth, and potential yield loss of garlic (Allium sativum). For 2 consecutive years, the impact on leaf length, pseudostem diameter, and bulb weight was evaluated after mechanical inoculation of cultivars Messidrome, Germidour, and Printanor, the three main garlic cultivars grown in France. The reduction in bulb weight due to OYDV ranged from 39% for Germidour to about 60% for the two other cultivars. For LYSV, the reduction in bulb weight was less on Messidrome (17%) and Germidour (26%) than on Printanor (54%). Coinfection with both viruses further reduced growth and bulb weight. When cloves originating from bulbs infected by each virus alone or a mixture of both viruses were planted, results indicated that such chronic infection induced further yield reduction. An assay designed to evaluate the role of LYSV inoculation date on yield revealed that yield losses were the lowest for late-season infections. However, yield loss was greater than 30% when the inoculation was performed at the end of April, the time when natural contamination generally occurs in southern France. A comparison of the impact of mixed infections of OYDV and LYSV from different origins suggested that the isolates did not differ significantly in their effects on yield loss.

scholarly journals Yield Loss in Garlic Caused by Leek yellow stripe virus Argentinean Isolate

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lunello ◽  
J. Di Rienzo ◽  
V. C. Conci
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Garlic Virus ◽  
Plant Treatment

Garlic plants (Allium sativum) are naturally infected by a complex of viruses in the genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus. The yield of virus-free garlic plants (noninoculated control) was compared with that of plants infected with an Argentinean isolate of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV; L treatment) and garlic plants infected with the virus complex (VC). Evaluations were conducted in the field and in anti-aphid cages during two crop cycles after planting three sizes of cloves (categories). The percent plant emergence in the noninoculated control and in the L treatments (between 80 and 100%) did not differ statistically, but the percent emergence for these two treatments was double that for the VC treatment (25 to 62%). Plant height and leaf number in the L treatment were lower than in the noninoculated control during the first evaluation (year 1), but they did not differ during the second evaluation (year 2). However, both treatments produced taller plants with more leaves than those of VC in both years. The L treatment decreased bulb weight up to 28% and perimeter up to 9% when compared with those in the noninoculated control maintained in the anti-aphid cages until the end of the experiment. However, differences between these treatments were higher in the field experiments where plants were exposed to infection by other viruses (up to 36% in bulb weight and 13% in perimeter). Bulbs of the VC-infected plant treatment were reduced up to 74% in weight and 37% in perimeter. In field evaluations, a high percentage of plants were infected with Onion yellow dwarf virus (58 to 100%), whereas fewer were infected with LYSV (15 to 68%). Garlic virus A infection was high in plants previously infected with LYSV (96 and 97%), but lower in the noninoculated control (12 and 68%). These results show the high impact of the virus complex on garlic yield and the effect of LYSV as a component of the garlic virus complex.

scholarly journals Detection and Distribution of Viruses Infecting Garlic Crops in Australia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Julia Cremer ◽  
Paul Campbell ◽  
Visnja Steele ◽  
Denis Persley ◽  
John Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe

The distribution of viruses in eastern Australian field garlic was evaluated. Detection assays were developed that involved generic RT-PCR for viruses in the Allexivirus, Carlavirus and Potyvirus genera followed by virus-specific colorimetric dot-blot hybridization. Assays targeted the potyviruses (onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)), the carlaviruses (garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and shallot latent virus (SLV)), and the allexiviruses (garlic viruses A, B, C, X (GarVA, -B, -C, -X) and shallot virus X (ShVX)). Virus incidence in crops was consistently high, with most plants infected with at least one virus from each genus. OYDV, LYSV, SLV, and GCLV were commonly detected. Three of the four allexiviruses were in all districts surveyed but varied in incidence, whereas ShVX and SYSV were not detected. There was no association between virus species complement and bulb size, indicating size is not a good predictor of the virus status of planting material. The variation of virus incidence across different Australian growing districts and in different cultivars implies multiple introductions of viruses rather than spread within the country. The genetic diversity observed within coat protein sequences of some virus species also supports multiple separate introductions.

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