Field Resistance of Oats to Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae Measured via Yield and Seed Weight Reduction

Plant Disease ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis

A study of factors influencing the genetics of reaction of barley to root rot caused by Helminthosporium sativum

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cohen ◽  
S. B. Helgason ◽  
W. C. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Made In

The inheritance of seedling reaction to root rot, caused by the 514 isolate of Helminthosporium sativum, was studied in crosses and backcrosses among the barley varieties CI.8969 and CI.8873, which show resistance, and the variety Olli, which is susceptible. The study was carried out under a controlled environment in growth cabinets. The data from reaction tests of F3 and backcross families were analyzed by Elston's procedure for testing a one-locus hypothesis, and by Powers' partitioning method. Polygenic inheritance for seedling reaction was indicated, but subsequent experiments showed that seed weight strongly influenced the reaction, which could account for the polygenic interpretation. Based on a drastic reduction of resistance in greenhouse-produced seed, irrespective of seed weight, a high positive correlation of seed weight with resistance in field-produced seed, and other evidence of a similar nature, it was assumed that resistance was related to a principle, present in the seed or on the seed surface, the quantity of which was influenced by seed size and modified by environment. Whether there was a genotypic influence on the quantity of the resistance principle, aside from that affecting seed weight, was not established conclusively. A field study involving the same materials, made in an area known to produce natural root-rot infection, showed that no correlation existed between the disease indices of the entries in the seedling stage in the growth-cabinet tests, and their reaction to the disease in the field. CI.8873 showed field resistance, whereas CI.8969 did not.

scholarly journals Biorational Management of Pulse Bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) on Chickpea Seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Arafat Hasan ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Keya Akter ◽  
Sonia Sultana ◽  
Tasnia Ummul Wara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Karanja Oil

The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest in stored pulse (i.e. Chickpea seeds) causing 40-50% losses of pulses in storage. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some selected biorational insecticides on mortality of beetle, weight loss of seeds, fecundity and hatchability of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis under laboratory condition. Among the different botanicals, Neem oil (89.00%) was found the most effective in case of mortality of pulse beetle in direct method followed by Mahogany oil (78.00%) and Karanja oil (62.00%). Among different microbial derivatives, Spinosad was found most effective considering mortality followed by Emamectin benzoate and Abamectin. Among botanicals the highest percentage of weight reduction was observed in Karanja oil (30.18%) and the lowest (22.43%) was in Neem oil while among microbial derivatives the lowest percentage of seed weight reduction was obtained from Spinosad (11.15%) and the highest percentage of weight reduction was obtained from Abamectin (20.37%). No. of eggs laid per female was recorded highest in Karanja oil (24.00) and lowest in Spinosad (19.33). The hatchability percentage was highest in Karanza oil (21.73%) and lowest in Neem (12.89%) and in case of chemical treatment lowest in spinosad (6.05%) and highest in Ebamectin (14.42%). Neem oil and Spinosad were found effective against pulse beetle in storage condition. Therefore, Neem oil and Spinosad might be included in the development of IPM packages for the management of pulse beetle in the storage.

Response of Oat (Avena sativa) Varieties and Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) to Thifensulfuron plus Tribenuron

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Fischer ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Edward S. Oplinger ◽  
Timothy S. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Test Selection ◽  
Grain Yields

Field studies evaluated wild radish control in oat with thifensulfuron plus tribenuron in 1995 and 1997. Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron at 16 or 21 g ai/ha controlled wild radish completely in both years. In tolerance studies conducted in 1995 and 1996, thifensulfuron plus tribenuron reduced vigor of ‘Bay,’ ‘Belle,’ ‘Dane,’ ‘Ensiler,’ ‘Gem,’ ‘Horicon,’ ‘Ogle,’ ‘Porter,’ and ‘Prairie’ oat varieties and Wisconsin test selection oat ‘X6396-1’ up to 25% 7 d after treatment (DAT), but all chlorotic symptoms had disappeared 28 DAT. Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron reduced oat height 13 to 19% in 1995 and 21 to 24% in 1996 7 DAT. Bay, Belle, Dane, Ensiler, Horicon, Prairie, and X6396-1 recovered from height reductions by 28 DAT in 1995; however, in 1996 only Horicon and Porter recovered. Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron did not reduce 1995 grain yields, but 1996 Bay and Porter grain yields were reduced 29 and 15%, respectively. Dane and Prairie seed weights were reduced 7 and 14%, respectively, in 1995, whereas no seed weight reduction occurred in 1996.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERS AND RUST RESISTANCE IN A CROSS BETWEEN EMMER, (TRITICUM DICOCCUM) AND COMMON WHEAT, (TRITICUM VULGARE)

1930 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Triticum Dicoccum ◽  
The Relationship

A study of morphologic character in relation to field resistance to black stem rust of wheat (Puccinia graminis tritici, Erikss. & Henn) was made on the cross Vernal (Triticum dicoccum, Schubl.) × Marquis (T. vulgare, Host.). Fifteen morphologic characters were used including spike form, spike compactness, stem hollowness, rachis articulation, rachis width, spikelet adherence, glume adherence, keel sharpness and seed character, all of which are of species differentiating importance. A random group of 276 F2 plants showed no strong or moderately strong correlations between rust reaction and other characters: the most significant correlation coefficients ranged from.13 to.27. Between any two morphologic characters no strong relationships were found, the highest correlation coefficient obtained being.37. In the entire F2 population of 21,480 plants there were 232 vulgare-like hybrids showing the high rust resistance of Vernal, although Marquis had a fairly uniform infection of moderate severity. All of these hybrids proved, upon laboratory examination, to be of vulgare or near-vulgare type in nearly all characters especially the economically important characters spike form, rachis articulation, spikelet adherence and glume adherence. This study, therefore, demonstrates that high rust resistance can be transferred from dicoccum to a vulgare-type wheat without great difficulty. It is concluded that the attainment of desirable combinations of emmer rust resistance with important morphologic characters of vulgare depends primarily upon having a population of many thousands of individuals from which to select.

Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Lejeune ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Arnold M. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Control Area ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Rottboellia Cochinchinensis

Interference between itchgrass and soybean was evaluated over two years using area-of-influence procedures. Soybean seed weight within 20 cm of the weed was reduced 15 to 21%. In the first year, seed weight reduction of 9% was detected at a distance of 40 to 60 cm from the weed. Weight reductions were attributed to decreases in seed number of 12 to 22% within 40 cm of the weed compared with the 140 to 160 cm control area. Itchgrass interference increased soybean height within 40 cm of the weed, but soybean canopy width was generally unaffected. Soybean interference did not affect height of itchgrass plants, but did reduce weed stem numbers 89 to 94% when compared with weeds growing alone. With interference of 8 wk or less, both itchgrass green and dry weights were similar when weeds were growing alone or within the soybean row. Green and dry weights were reduced approximately 80% when itchgrass was in competition with soybean for 10 wk.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

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