scholarly journals Variation in water potential, hydraulic characteristics and water source use in montane Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine trees in southwestern Alberta and consequences for seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Andrews ◽  
L. B. Flanagan ◽  
E. J. Sharp ◽  
T. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

Seasonality of hydraulic redistribution by trees to grasses and changes in their water-source use that change tree-grass interactions

Ecohydrology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. R. Priyadarshini ◽  
Herbert H. T. Prins ◽  
Steven de Bie ◽  
Ignas M. A. Heitkönig ◽  
Stephan Woodborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

scholarly journals Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Daly ◽  
Jeremy Lowe ◽  
Gracie Hornsby ◽  
Angela Harris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.

Nitrogen sharing and water source partitioning co-occur in estuarine wetlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wei ◽  
David A. Lockington ◽  
Shen Yu ◽  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Estuarine Wetlands ◽  
N Source ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

Plant–plant interactions are particularly complex in multi-resource limited environments. The aim of this study was to assess species interactions in estuarine wetlands where both N and fresh water are limited. We combined stable isotope methods and dissimilarity analyses to compare interspecific interactions in N source use and water source use. Both Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T Blake and Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. had a lower leaf δ15N when they were growing together with the N-fixer Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. compared with those trees growing in monospecific stands, but their water isotopes, δ18O and δD, were different from C. glauca. Our results indicate that the N-fixer C. glauca shared their N with co-existing neighbours, either indirectly or directly, but that water sources were partitioned among them. Further analyses showed that M. quinquenervia and C. glauca had lower dissimilarity in N source use but higher dissimilarity in water source use than the C. glauca–A. marina pair, implying that the co-existence between M. quinquenervia and C. glauca is relatively stable. Our results suggest that facilitative interaction and resource partitioning can co-occur in estuarine wetlands, and which could be important in maintaining diversity across resource gradients.

scholarly journals Sub-annual variability in historical water source use by Mediterranean riparian trees

Ecohydrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Sargeant ◽  
Michael Bliss Singer
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

Accuracy and Usefulness of Psychrometer and Pressure Chamber for Evaluating Water Potentials of Pinus radiata Needles

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Millar
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
The One

Pressure chamber evaluations of xylem sap pressure potential (P) and thermocouple psychrometric evaluations of average water potential (Ψl) in needles from both transpiring and non-transpiring pine trees (Pinus radiata D. Don) were compared in order to determine the relative accuracy and usefulness of these methods for assessing Ψl. Markedly different but linear P v. Ψl relationships were obtained for pine needles of different age and also for the case where resin exudation masked the xylem and led to a 'resin error'. Evidence suggests that these differences are mainly due to injection and resin errors in pressure chamber determinations totalling as much as 1 MPa (a 10 bar). The psychrometric method appears to be the much more accurate. Radial water potential gradients across leaves did not result in differences between evaluations of P and Ψl, at least in P. radiata. The need for multiple 'calibrations' of the pressure chamber and the fundamental uncertainty about the constancy of such calibrations on the one hand and the slowness of the excised-needle psychrometer on the other can restrict the usefulness of these methods.

Embryo dormancy responses to temperature in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) seeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Ellery
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Dormancy Cycles

Changes in embryo dormancy of capeweed [Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns.] seeds in response to temperature were investigated to determine the nature of seasonal dormancy cycles. Primary embryo dormancy persisted for 2–3 months after seed collection and was then rapidly relieved when seeds were maintained at temperatures simulating summer soil surface temperatures. Embryo dormancy was also rapidly relieved in seeds maintained at constant temperatures, indicating that a daily temperature fluctuation was not necessary for the relief of embryo dormancy in capeweed. Dormancy relief was maximal at 40°C. Secondary dormancy was induced when seeds were maintained at low temperatures and a water potential of –1.5 MPa, suggesting that the onset of winter may postpone germination until a subsequent autumn. These results indicate that the dormancy cycles observed in capeweed seeds maintained on the soil surface are probably driven by seasonal changes in soil temperature.

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum in Northwest British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Boateng ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

We studied spore dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum, causal agent of a serious outbreak of red band needle blight in lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. Conidia were observed on spore traps from June to September during periods of rainfall. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall and leaf wetness. Should the trend toward increased spring and summer precipitation in the study area continue, the results suggest that disease spread and intensification will also increase. Increasing the planting distances between lodgepole pine trees through mixed species plantations and overall reduction in use of lodgepole pine for regeneration in wet areas are the best strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and enhance future productivity of plantations in the study area.

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