Seasonality of hydraulic redistribution by trees to grasses and changes in their water-source use that change tree-grass interactions

Ecohydrology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. R. Priyadarshini ◽  
Herbert H. T. Prins ◽  
Steven de Bie ◽  
Ignas M. A. Heitkönig ◽  
Stephan Woodborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

scholarly journals Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Daly ◽  
Jeremy Lowe ◽  
Gracie Hornsby ◽  
Angela Harris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.

Nitrogen sharing and water source partitioning co-occur in estuarine wetlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wei ◽  
David A. Lockington ◽  
Shen Yu ◽  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Estuarine Wetlands ◽  
N Source ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

Plant–plant interactions are particularly complex in multi-resource limited environments. The aim of this study was to assess species interactions in estuarine wetlands where both N and fresh water are limited. We combined stable isotope methods and dissimilarity analyses to compare interspecific interactions in N source use and water source use. Both Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T Blake and Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. had a lower leaf δ15N when they were growing together with the N-fixer Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. compared with those trees growing in monospecific stands, but their water isotopes, δ18O and δD, were different from C. glauca. Our results indicate that the N-fixer C. glauca shared their N with co-existing neighbours, either indirectly or directly, but that water sources were partitioned among them. Further analyses showed that M. quinquenervia and C. glauca had lower dissimilarity in N source use but higher dissimilarity in water source use than the C. glauca–A. marina pair, implying that the co-existence between M. quinquenervia and C. glauca is relatively stable. Our results suggest that facilitative interaction and resource partitioning can co-occur in estuarine wetlands, and which could be important in maintaining diversity across resource gradients.

scholarly journals Sub-annual variability in historical water source use by Mediterranean riparian trees

Ecohydrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Sargeant ◽  
Michael Bliss Singer
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use

scholarly journals Interspecific Variation in the Timing and Magnitude of Hydraulic Redistribution in a Forest With Distinct Water Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Belovitch ◽  
Steven Brantley ◽  
Doug. P. Aubrey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Canopy Species

Abstract Aims Trees regulate water availability among their rooting strata through a nocturnal, passive transference of water known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). This study investigates differences in HR and groundwater use among common canopy species in longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill., Pinaceae) woodlands and explores environmental factors influencing HR. Methods HR was estimated by sap flux of lateral roots and main stems of three mature canopy species ( P. palustris , Quercus laevis Walter., Fagaceae and Quercus margarettae Ashe., Fagaceae). We used δ 18 O and δD of xylem water, soil water, and groundwater to determine water source. Finally, we related HR to environmental factors (Temperature, VWC, VPD) to better understand controls of HR dynamics. Results Pinus palustris had higher water use than either Quercus species, and also redistributed significantly more water as a nocturnal subsidy. HR fluxes were inversely related with mean daily temperature and independent of shallow soil moisture. Stable isotope mixing models, based on δ 18 O and δD, indicated that all species have access to groundwater, but utilized shallow soil water in differing amounts when available. Conclusions In systems with strong water potential gradients among soil strata, any species with access to a groundwater source is likely capable of HR; however, the magnitude of HR varies significantly by species, even among closely related taxa.

scholarly journals Water Storage of Plants Cannot Be Ignored During The Process of Water Movement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Liu ◽  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
Zijun Wei ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Guodong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Chinese Cork Oak

Abstract Water migration and use are important processes in trees. However, it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed by plant roots with that diffused back to the atmosphere via the stomata. The δ2H/δ18O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the patterns of water use of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species to determine the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage. Our results indicate that both species showed strong plasticity in their use of water sources. The species Platycladus orientalis (Oriental arbor-vitae) and Quercus variabilis (Chinese cork oak) primarily absorbed water from groundwater and the 60–100 cm soil layer, and Q. variabilis also absorbed water from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers during the dry season. Only P. orientalis was sensitive to precipitation and used water from the 0–20 cm layers. Q. variabilis did not change its water source but increased its uptake of groundwater during the rainy season. We observed reverse flow and hydraulic redistribution in P. orientalis, which alleviated the spatial heterogeneity of soil water and provided water for neighboring trees. Nocturnal sap flow in P. orientalis and Q. variabilis facilitated the storage of water in the trunk. The water used for storage in both species comprised 6–7% of the total quantity and therefore, should be considered in water balance models.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

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