scholarly journals The bigger they are, the harder they fall: CO2 concentration and tree size affect drought tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Way
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tree Size

scholarly journals The effect of rootstock on the tree size of apricot cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szalay L. ◽  
Molnár B. P.
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Wild Apricot ◽  
Old Trees

The apricot is propagated on several kinds of rootstocks in Hungary. The main aspects of selecting rootstocks are as follows: adaptability to environmental circumstances, primarily soil conditions, ensuring the tree size that complies with the cultivation method, and compatibility with the grafted cultivar. At advanced, intensive orchards rootstocks ensuring smaller tree size are privileged. For the establishment of the appropriate cultivation system, it is important to be aware of the expected growing vigour and tree size of certain cultivar­rootstock combinations when the orchard is designed. In the course of our experiment the size of 15-year-old trees of 4 apricot cultivars were examined on several rootstocks at an orchard in Siófok. On the basis of the data measured for each cultivar-rootstock combination, it can be stated that trees on wild apricot (P. armeniaca) rootstocks are the largest in size. Trees on prune (P. domestica) rootstock have 10-15% smaller crown volume than the previous combination. Trees on bullace (P. insititia) rootstock have the smallest tree size and their crown volume is 30-50% smaller than that of the trees on P. armeniaca rootstock. Thus, the application of prune and bullace rootstocks is beneficial at intensive apricot orchards as the size of trees can be reduced by their usage. However, their compatibility with the cultivars and their adaptability to the ecological conditions of the production site have to be tested before applying them widely. In the course of our research incompatibility was not experienced for any of the cultivar-rootstock combinations examined. Nevertheless, the drought tolerance of the rootstocks examined showed significant differences. Trees on P. domestica or P. insititia rootstock requires more water than those on P. armeniaca rootstock, therefore, they have to be irrigated.

scholarly journals The effect of rootstock on the tree size of apricot cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Szalay ◽  
B. P. Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Wild Apricot ◽  
Old Trees

The apricot is propagated on several kinds of rootstocks in Hungary. The main aspects of selecting rootstocks are as follows: adaptability to environmental circumstances, primarily soil conditions, ensuring the tree size that complies with the cultivation method, and compatibility with the grafted cultivar. At advanced, intensive orchards rootstocks ensuring smaller tree size are privileged. For the establishment of the appropriate cultivation system, it is important to be aware of the expected growing vigour and tree size of certain cultivar­rootstock combinations when the orchard is designed. In the course of our experiment the size of 15-year-old trees of 4 apricot cultivars were examined on several rootstocks at an orchard in Siófok. On the basis of the data measured for each cultivar-rootstock combination, it can be stated that trees on wild apricot (P. armeniaca) rootstocks are the largest in size. Trees on prune (P. domestica) rootstock have 10-15% smaller crown volume than the previous combination. Trees on bullace (P. insititia) rootstock have the smallest tree size and their crown volume is 30-50% smaller than that of the trees on P. armeniaca rootstock. Thus, the application of prune and bullace rootstocks is beneficial at intensive apricot orchards as the size of trees can be reduced by their usage. However, their compatibility with the cultivars and their adaptability to the ecological conditions of the production site have to be tested before applying them widely. In the course of our research incompatibility was not experienced for any of the cultivar-rootstock combinations examined. Nevertheless, the drought tolerance of the rootstocks examined showed significant differences. Trees on P. domestica or P. insititia rootstock requires more water than those on P. armeniaca rootstock, therefore, they have to be irrigated.

scholarly journals Hybrid Rootstocks for Valencia Sweet Orange in Rainfed Cultivation Under Tropical Savannah Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Danilo Pereira Costa ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Abelmon da Silva Gesteira ◽  
Maurício Antonio Coelho Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Large Tree

The performance of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 41 hybrid citrus rootstocks was evaluated for 11 years in rainfed cultivation under tropical savannah climate (Aw type) in Brazil, in addition to three selections of the standard drought-tolerant Rangpur lime and two selections of Sunki mandarin. Drought tolerance, assessed by visual score of leaf wilting, was directly related to the mean fruit yield. Indio and Riverside citrandarins, Tropical Sunki mandarin and the hybrid TSKC × CTSW-028 were grouped with the most productive selections of Rangpur lime, all of them inducing large tree size, intermediate fruit production efficiency, and high drought tolerance. The hybrid TSK × TR English-CO was similar except by inducing a higher mean soluble solids concentration in the orange juice. A third group of rootstocks induced high yield and drought tolerance, and a mean 30% reduction in tree size that led to high production efficiency, which comprised the hybrids HTR-053, TSKC × (LCR × TR)-017 and-059, TSKC × CTSW-041, LCR × TR-001 and San Diego citrandarin. The tree mortality on Rangpur lime selections was as least as 46%, while more than 80% of trees grafted onto the aforementioned rootstocks survived without visual symptoms of citrus sudden death disease or graft incompatibility. The selected hybrids and Tropical Sunki mandarin also induced fruit quality, mainly soluble solids, superior to the Rangpur lime and, therefore, are potential rootstocks for rainfed cultivation of Valencia sweet orange.

scholarly journals Changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of winter wheat in response to abiotic stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Ottó Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Net Assimilation

AbstractThe assessment of heat and drought tolerance is of primary importance in breeding programmes designed to improve heat and drought tolerance in cereals. Three winter wheat varieties grown in controlled growth chambers were exposed to heat (H) and drought (D) stress singly and in combination (H+D). The combined effects of H and D stress were much more severe than those of individual treatments for both physiological and yield parameters during grain filling. The chlorophyll content, effective quantum yield of PSII, net assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were greatly reduced by H, D and their interaction. Grain yield decreased to a greater extent (48.3%) in Plainsman V, averaged over the stress treatments, than in Mv Magma (67.8%) and Fatima 2 (53.7%). The least decline was found in grain number, except in Plainsman V. Mv Magma tolerated heat stress better than Fatima 2. In terms of photosynthetic activity, Plainsman V showed better drought tolerance than Mv Magma. The results showed that changes in physiological properties during stress treatment are not always associated with changes in yield parameters, so a combination of methods may be needed to give a more precise picture of the stress tolerance of wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Causes of variation in leaf-level drought tolerance within an Amazonian forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Maréchaux ◽  
Megan K. Bartlett ◽  
Philippe Gaucher ◽  
Lawren Sack ◽  
Jérôme Chave
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Successional Species

Amazonian tree communities have already been seriously impacted by extreme natural droughts, and intense droughts are predicted to increase in frequency. However, our current knowledge of Amazonian tree species’ responses to water stress remains limited, as plant trait databases include few drought tolerance traits, impeding the application and predictive power of models. Here we explored how leaf water potential at turgor loss point (πtlp), a determinant of leaf drought tolerance, varies with species life history, season, tree size and irradiance within a forest in French Guiana. First, we provided a further direct validation of a rapid method of πtlp determination based on osmometer measurements of leaf osmotic potential at full hydration for five Amazonian tree species. Next, we analysed a dataset of 131 πtlp values for a range of species, seasons, size (including saplings), and leaf exposure. We found that early-successional species had less drought-tolerant leaves than late-successional species. Species identity was the major driver of πtlp variation, whereas season, canopy tree size and leaf exposure explained little variation. Shifts in πtlp from saplings to canopy trees varied across species, and sapling leaf drought tolerance was a moderate predictor of canopy tree leaf drought tolerance. Given its low within-species variability, we propose that πtlp is a robust trait, and is useful as one index of species’ drought tolerance. We also suggest that measuring this trait would considerably advance our knowledge on leaf drought tolerance in hyperdiverse communities and would thus likely shed light on the resilience of such vulnerable species-rich ecosystem. 

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