scholarly journals Soil incorporation of logging residue affects fine-root and mycorrhizal root-tip dynamics of young loblolly pine clones

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Pritchard ◽  
C. A. Maier ◽  
K. H. Johnsen ◽  
A. J. Grabman ◽  
A. P. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Logging Residue

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

Differences in grapevine rootstock sensitivity and recovery from drought are linked to fine root cortical lacunae and root tip function

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Felipe Barrios‐Masias ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Tip

Long-term dynamics of mycorrhizal root tips in a loblolly pine forest grown with free-air CO2enrichment and soil N fertilization for 6 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth G. Pritchard ◽  
Benton N. Taylor ◽  
Emily R. Cooper ◽  
Katilyn V. Beidler ◽  
Allan E. Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Free Air

scholarly journals Below-ground carbon input to soil is controlled by nutrient availability and fine root dynamics in loblolly pine

2002 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. King ◽  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Marilyn Buford ◽  
Boyd R. Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Fine Root Dynamics ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Non-mycorrhizal root associated fungi of a tropical montane forest are relatively robust to the long-term addition of moderate rates of nitrogen and phosphorus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Dueñas ◽  
Stefan Hempel ◽  
Jürgen Homeier ◽  
Juan Pablo Suárez ◽  
Matthias C Rillig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Eutrophication

Andean forests are biodiversity hotspots and globally important carbon (C) repositories. This status might be at risk due to increasing rates of atmospheric nutrient deposition. As fungal communities are key in the recirculation of soil nutrients, assessing their responses to soil eutrophication can help establish a link between microbial biodiversity and the sustainability of the C sink status of this region. Beyond mycorrhizal fungi, which have been studied more frequently, a wide range of other fungi associate with the fine root fraction of trees. Monitoring these communities can offer insights into how communities composed of both facultative and obligate root associated fungi are responding to soil eutrophication. Here we document the response of non-mycorrhizal root associated fungal (RAF) communities to a long-term nutrient manipulation experiment. The stand level fine root fraction of an old growth tropical montane forest was sampled after seven years of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions. RAF communities were characterized by a deep sequencing approach. As per the resource imbalance model, we expected that asymmetries in the availability of C, N and P elicited by fertilization will lead to mean richness reductions and alterations of the community structure. We recovered moderately diverse fungal assemblages composed by sequence variants classified within a wide set of trophic guilds. While mean richness remained stable, community composition shifted, particularly among Ascomycota and after the addition of P. Fertilization factors, however, only accounted for a minor proportion of the variance in community composition. These findings suggest that, unlike mycorrhizal fungi, RAF communities are less sensitive to shifts in soil nutrient availability. A plausible explanation is that non-mycorrhizal RAF have fundamentally different nutrient acquisition and life history traits, thus allowing them greater stoichiometric plasticity and an array of functional acclimation responses that collectively express as subtle shifts in community level attributes.

Root-gap dynamics in a lodgepole pine forest: ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fine root activity after experimental gap formation

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
William FJ. Parsons ◽  
Steven L. Miller ◽  
Dennis H. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Experimental Gaps

Belowground responses to aboveground disturbance were studied in experimental gaps created in a 95-year-old Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia (Engelm. ex Wats.) Critchfield stand, southeastern Wyoming. We hypothesized that active fine root densities within the canopy gaps would remain comparable with densities in undisturbed forest and would not decline abruptly until a threshold number of trees had been killed, after which the root gap would be recolonized gradually and centripetally. One-, 5-, 15-, and 30-tree clusters were felled to create a series of gaps in the root mat of lodgepole pine forest soil. For 2 years, densities of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips were determined by intensive soil coring in the experimental gaps and in a nearby 8-year-old clearcut. Data on fine-root activity were obtained using mesh screens inserted into the soil and incubated for up to 5 years. The results were consistent with the original hypothesis, but no clear threshold gap size was observed for ECM root tips. Densities of active ECM root tips measured along transects through one of the 30-tree gaps decreased quickly within 5–6 m of the forest edge, and did not significantly differ from zero at the center of the gap; in contrast to the 2-year-old gap, active ECM densities were fairly constant across the 8-year-old clearcut. Moreover, root-tip densities declined gradually with increasing gap size, while fine root penetrations of the mesh screens were significantly lower in the 30-tree gaps than in the smaller gaps. During the first 3 years, fine roots intercepting the screens were nonmycorrhizal; at the final removal, root screens that had been incubated for 1837 days in the gaps, including the 30-tree gaps, contained ectomycorrhizal root tips. The root screen removal data suggested that belowground gaps persisted 5 years after initial clear-felling of the 30-tree clusters, but the screens also provided evidence for closure from the edges of these gaps.

Soil exploitation strategies of fine roots in different tree species of the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bauhus ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Slow Development

This study compared the ability of conifers (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and deciduous trees (Populus tremuloides Michx., Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and shrubs and herbs to exploit soils in a southern boreal forest. Root samples were collected from undisturbed soil and ingrowth cores (disturbed soil) of aspen- and conifer-dominated plots. Total fine-root biomass was similar in aspen and conifer plots but length density was higher under aspen. The low root length density (0.7 cm·cm-3) of conifers suggests a dependency on mycorrhizal associations for effective nutrient uptake. Coniferous fine roots were thicker than in the other species. Root tip and internode lengths in deciduous trees showed little differences between undisturbed and disturbed soil, whereas these parameters increased substantially in conifers in disturbed soil. Root growth and architecture in disturbed soil indicated that conifers follow a conservative strategy of optimizing soil exploitation efficiency through the relatively slow development of coarse fine-root systems. In contrast, deciduous trees and understorey shrubs and herbs colonized favourable soil environments to a larger extent maintaining highly ramified thin fine roots to optimize the exploited soil volume. The different soil exploitation strategies may be as important as those differences reported for aboveground growth to explain the coexistence of these species.

scholarly journals Inherent and Stress-Induced Responses of Fine Root Morphology and Anatomy in Commercial Grapevine Rootstocks with Contrasting Drought Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Idan Reingwirtz ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials

Some grapevine rootstocks perform better than others during and after drought events, yet it is not clear how inherent and stress-induced differences in root morphology and anatomy along the length of fine roots are involved in these responses. Using a variety of growing conditions and plant materials, we observed significant differences in root diameter, specific root length (SRL) and root diameter distribution between two commonly used commercial grapevine rootstocks: Richter 110 (110R; drought resistant) and Millardet et de Grasset 101-14 (101-14Mgt; drought sensitive). The 110R consistently showed greater root diameters with smaller SRL and proportion of root length comprised of fine lateral roots. The 110R also exhibited significantly greater distance from tip to nearest lateral, longer white root length, and larger proportion of root length that is white under drought stress. Mapping of fine root cortical lacunae showed similar patterns between the rootstocks; mechanical failure of cortical cells was common in the maturation zone, limited near the root tip, and increased with drought stress for both genotypes; however, lacuna formed under wetter soil conditions in 110R. Results suggest that drought resistance in grapevine rootstocks is associated with thick, limitedly branched roots with a larger proportion of white-functional roots that tend to form lacuna under more mild water deficit, all of which likely favor continued resource acquisition at depth.

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