scholarly journals Corrigendum to: “A Novel, Modified Human Butyrylcholinesterase Catalytically Degrades the Chemical Warfare Nerve Agent, Sarin”

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Kevin G McGarry ◽  
Remy F Lalisse ◽  
Robert A Moyer ◽  
Kristyn M Johnson ◽  
Alexi M Tallan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

Resveratrol induces catalytic bioscavenger paraoxonase 1 expression and protects against chemical warfare nerve agent toxicity in human cell lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1524-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan F. Curtin ◽  
Karthik I. Seetharam ◽  
Pilin Dhoieam ◽  
Richard K. Gordon ◽  
Bhupendra P. Doctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Human Cell Lines

scholarly journals Enhanced Stability of Blood Matrices Using a Dried Sample Spot Assay To Measure Human Butyrylcholinesterase Activity and Nerve Agent Adducts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 5723-5729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas W. Perez ◽  
Brooke G. Pantazides ◽  
Caroline M. Watson ◽  
Jerry D. Thomas ◽  
Thomas A. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Sample Spot ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Enhanced Stability ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

scholarly journals Vapor Selectivity of a Natural Photonic Crystal to Binary and Tertiary Mixtures Containing Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kittle ◽  
Benjamin Fisher ◽  
Courtney Kunselman ◽  
Aimee Morey ◽  
Andrea Abel
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Vapor Sensing ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Vapor Mixtures ◽  
Wing Scales

Vapor sensing via light reflected from photonic crystals has been increasingly studied as a means to rapidly identify analytes, though few studies have characterized vapor mixtures or chemical warfare agent simulants via this technique. In this work, light reflected from the natural photonic crystals found within the wing scales of the Morpho didius butterfly was analyzed after exposure to binary and tertiary mixtures containing dimethyl methylphosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, and dichloropentane, a mustard gas simulant. Distinguishable spectra were generated with concentrations tested as low as 30 ppm and 60 ppm for dimethyl methylphosphonate and dichloropentane, respectively. Individual vapors, as well as mixtures, yielded unique responses over a range of concentrations, though the response of binary and tertiary mixtures was not always found to be additive. Thus, while selective and sensitive to vapor mixtures containing chemical warfare agent simulants, this technique presents challenges to identifying these simulants at a sensitivity level appropriate for their toxicity.

Infrared Spectra and Binding Energies of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agent Simulants on the Surface of Amorphous Silica

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 15685-15697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Wilmsmeyer ◽  
Wesley O. Gordon ◽  
Erin Durke Davis ◽  
Diego Troya ◽  
Brent A. Mantooth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Binding Energies

scholarly journals Chemical Synthesis of Two Series of Nerve Agent Model Compounds and Their Stereoselective Interaction with Human Acetylcholinesterase and Human Butyrylcholinesterase

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora H. Barakat ◽  
Xueying Zheng ◽  
Cynthia B. Gilley ◽  
Mary MacDonald ◽  
Karl Okolotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

Human butyrylcholinesterase efficacy against nerve agent exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. e21886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Reed ◽  
Carol L. Sabourin ◽  
David E. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

Future Considerations for the Medical Management of Nerve-Agent Intoxication

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Aas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The World ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractThe use of chemical warfare agents against civilians and unprotected troops in international conflicts or by terrorists against civilians is considered to be a real threat, particularly following the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 against the World Trade Center in New York and against the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Over the past 10 years, terrorists have been planning to use or have used chemical warfare agents on several occasions around the world, and the attacks in 2001 illustrate their willingness to use any means of warfare to cause death and destruction among civilians. In spite of new international treaties with strong verification measures and with an aim to prohibit and prevent the use of weapons of mass destruction, nevertheless, some countries and terrorist groups have been able to develop, produce, and use such weapons, particularly nerve agents, in domestic terrorist attacks or during warfare in international conflicts. This article reviews current medical therapy for nerve-agent intoxication and discusses possible future improvement of medical therapies.Present medical counter-measures against nerve agents are not sufficiently effective particularly in protecting the brain. Therefore, new and more effective countermeasures must be developed to enable better medical treatment of civilians and military personnel following exposure to nerve agents. Therefore, it is important with an enhanced effort by all countries, to improve and increase research in medical countermeasures, in the development of protective equipment, and in carrying out regular training of medical and emergency personnel as well as of military nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) units. Only then will nations be able to reduce the risk from and prevent the use of such weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Development of a rat pilocarpine model of seizure/status epilepticus that mimics chemical warfare nerve agent exposure

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Tetz ◽  
Peter E Rezk ◽  
Ruthie H Ratcliffe ◽  
Richard K Gordon ◽  
Keith E Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Pilocarpine Model

scholarly journals Catalytic detoxification of nerve agent and pesticide organophosphates by butyrylcholinesterase assisted with non-pyridinium oximes

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Radić ◽  
Trevor Dale ◽  
Zrinka Kovarik ◽  
Suzana Berend ◽  
Edzna Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Oxime Group ◽  
Quaternary Nitrogen ◽  
Pyridinium Oximes ◽  
Human Butyrylcholinesterase

In the present paper we show a comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo study on hydrolytic detoxification of nerve agent and pesticide OPs (organophosphates) catalysed by purified hBChE (human butyrylcholinesterase) in combination with novel non-pyridinium oxime reactivators. We identified TAB2OH (2-trimethylammonio-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime) as an efficient reactivator of OP–hBChE conjugates formed by the nerve agents VX and cyclosarin, and the pesticide paraoxon. It was also functional in reactivation of sarin- and tabun-inhibited hBChE. A 3–5-fold enhancement of in vitro reactivation of VX-, cyclosarin- and paraoxon-inhibited hBChE was observed when compared with the commonly used N-methylpyridinium aldoxime reactivator, 2PAM (2-pyridinealdoxime methiodide). Kinetic analysis showed that the enhancement resulted from improved molecular recognition of corresponding OP–hBChE conjugates by TAB2OH. The unique features of TAB2OH stem from an exocyclic quaternary nitrogen and a hydroxy group, both ortho to an oxime group on a benzene ring. pH-dependences reveal participation of the hydroxy group (pKa=7.6) forming an additional ionizing nucleophile to potentiate the oxime (pKa=10) at physiological pH. The TAB2OH protective indices in therapy of sarin- and paraoxon-exposed mice were enhanced by 30–60% when they were treated with a combination of TAB2OH and sub-stoichiometric hBChE. The results of the present study establish that oxime-assisted catalysis is feasible for OP bioscavenging.

Smart textiles of MOF/g-C3N4nanospheres for the rapid detection/detoxification of chemical warfare agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis ◽  
Yuping Hu ◽  
Marc Florent ◽  
Teresa J. Bandosz
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Warfare Agents

Impregnated cotton textiles with a MOF based nanocomposite revealed a supreme multi-functionality to adsorb/degrade/sense vapors of a nerve agent surrogate.

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