scholarly journals Prevalence and lameness-associated risk factors in Alberta feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Davis-Unger ◽  
Karen S G Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
Ed A Pajor ◽  
Steve Hendrick ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractLameness in cattle is a health and welfare concern; however, limited information is available on risk factors and the relationship between lameness and common diseases like bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) identify prevalence of lameness in feedlot cattle and related risk factors of cattle diagnosed as lame; and 2) determine associations between BRD occurrence and lameness. Feedlot cattle health records were available from 28 feedlots for 10 yr. The data set consisted of 663,838 cattle records, with 13.9% (92,156) diagnosed with a disease, including 32.3%, 46.0%, and 22.0% with lameness, BRD, and other diagnoses, respectively. Lameness was classified into four categories: foot rot (FR), joint infections (JI), lame with no visible swelling (LNVS), and injuries (INJ), with a prevalence of 74.5%, 16.1%, 6.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Lameness was compared across cattle types (arrival date and weight) as well as age classification (calf vs. yearling), gender (steer vs. heifer), and season of placement in the feedlot (spring, summer, fall, and winter). Within the disease-diagnosed population, lameness represented 28.5% of treated fall-placed calves, 38.5% of winter-placed calves, and 40.8% of treated yearlings. Foot rot was the most common diagnosis with 74.5% of all lameness diagnoses, with winter- and fall-placed calves more likely to be diagnosed with FR compared to yearlings (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10–1.30 and OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.38–1.55, respectively). Joint infections were the second most common diagnosis (16.1%). Compared to yearlings, fall-placed calves had a higher odds (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 3.12–4.24) for JI. Injuries and LNVS were the least common but again fall-placed calves had higher odds of this diagnosis compared to yearlings (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.70–2.99 and OR: 9.10, 95% CI: 6.26–13.2, respectively). Gender was significantly different for JI as steers were less likely affected compared to heifers (OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.545–0.867), and more likely affected by LNVS (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.57–3.84). Of all lameness-associated deaths, JI accounted for almost 50%. Finally, cattle diagnosed with BRD were subsequently more likely to be diagnosed with INJ, JI, or LNVS (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). In conclusion, animal type and gender were associated with type of lameness diagnoses, allowing feedlots to allocate resources to groups at highest risk and focus on early intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after surgical treatment of isolated patella fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanchao Tan ◽  
Hongzhi Hu ◽  
Xiangtian Deng ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Yanbin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Patella Fractures ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Limited information exists on the incidence of postoperative deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) in patients with isolated patella fractures. The objective of this study was to investigate the postoperative incidence and locations of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity in patients who underwent isolated patella fractures and identify the associated risk factors. Methods Medical data of 716 hospitalized patients was collected. The patients had acute isolated patella fractures and were admitted at the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 1, 2016, and February 31, 2019. All patients met the inclusion criteria. Medical data was collected using the inpatient record system, which included the patient demographics, patient’s bad hobbies, comorbidities, past medical history, fracture and surgery-related factors, hematological biomarkers, total hospital stay, and preoperative stay. Doppler examination was conducted for the diagnosis of DVT. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors. Results Among the 716 patients, DVT was confirmed in 29 cases, indicating an incidence of 4.1%. DVT involved bilateral limbs (injured and uninjured) in one patient (3.4%). DVT involved superficial femoral common vein in 1 case (3.4%), popliteal vein in 6 cases (20.7%), posterior tibial vein in 11 cases (37.9%), and peroneal vein in 11 cases (37.9%). The median of the interval between surgery and diagnosis of DVT was 4.0 days (range, 1.0-8.0 days). Six variables were identified to be independent risk factors for DVT which included age category (> 65 years old), OR, 4.44 (1.34-14.71); arrhythmia, OR, 4.41 (1.20-16.15); intra-operative blood loss, OR, 1.01 (1.00-1.02); preoperative stay (delay of each day), OR, 1.43 (1.15-1.78); surgical duration, OR, 1.04 (1.03-1.06); LDL-C (> 3.37 mmol/L), OR, 2.98 (1.14-7.76). Conclusion Incidence of postoperative DVT in patients with isolated patella fractures is substantial. More attentions should be paid on postoperative DVT prophylaxis in patients with isolated patella fractures. Identification of associated risk factors can help clinicians recognize the risk population, assess the risk of DVT, and develop personalized prophylaxis strategies.

scholarly journals Patient perspectives on priorities for research on conventional and sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
R. Bolijn ◽  
I. Schalkers ◽  
H. L. Tan ◽  
A. E. Kunst ◽  
I. G. M. van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

Abstract Background Recently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) research has focused on sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to conventional risk factors. This raises the question which factors are perceived by the target group (patients with CVD) as priorities for further research. Methods We carried out a survey to study priority setting for more research into conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors according to 980 men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD in the Netherlands. Data on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors were descriptively analysed, stratified by gender group. Results The most frequently prioritised conventional factors according to men were heritability, overweight and unhealthy diet, while women most frequently listed stress, heritability and hypertension. The most frequently prioritised sex- and gender-related risk factors were depression or depressive feelings, migraine and having many caretaking responsibilities (men), and pregnancy complications, contraceptive pill use and early age at menopause (women). New research on sex- and gender-related risk factors was perceived roughly as relevant as that on conventional factors by men (mean 7.4 and 8.3 on a 1–10 scale, respectively) and women (8.2 and 8.6, respectively). Ethnic and gender minority groups placed more emphasis on risk factors related to sociocultural aspects (gender) than the majority group. Conclusion Men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD perceived new research on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors as a priority. These findings may guide researchers and funders in further prioritising new CVD research.

scholarly journals Economic impacts of lameness in feedlot cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Davis-Unger ◽  
E. A. Pajor ◽  
K. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
S. Marti ◽  
C. Dorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Infection ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Healthy Cattle

Abstract Lameness is an important health issue in feedlot cattle; however, there is a paucity of information regarding its economic impact. Decision tree models are excellent tools for assessing costs of disease such as the net return (net return = benefit – cost). Models were developed using expert opinion, literature and retrospective feedlot data provided by Vet-Agri Health Services (VAHS, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) collected from 2005 to 2015 on individually treated cattle (n = 30,940) from 28 feedlots. The objective was to estimate net return of various lameness diagnoses and impacts of cattle type, season of treatment, and extreme high and low cattle prices. Cattle were diagnosed as lame according to the following categories: foot rot, foot rot in heavy cattle (BW > 363 kg at treatment), injury, lame with no visible swelling, and joint infection. Records consisted of arrival and treatment weight, cost of treatment, and cattle deaths. Records included cattle types classified as: fall calves (heifer and steer), winter calves (heifer and steer) and yearling cattle (heifer and steer). Lastly, variables ADG, days on feed (DOF), and Season (spring, summer, fall, and winter) were created. Models estimated net return using cattle slaughter prices for healthy cattle that reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg and for three possible outcomes for each diagnosis after final treatment: cattle that recovered after treatment and reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg; cattle that were removed before they reached slaughter weight; or cattle that died. Compared to undiagnosed cattle with 1.36 kg/d ADG, cattle diagnosed with foot rot and foot rot heavy cattle had the highest ADG until first treatment (1.14 and 1.57 kg/d, respectively) and differed significantly (P < 0.05) compared to cattle diagnosed with injuries (0.87 kg/d), lame with no visible swelling (0.64 kg/d), and joint infections (0.53 kg/d). Yearling steers had the most positive returns compared to all other cattle types. Cattle with lighter arrival weight had lower ADG and increased economic losses after treatment compared to heavier weighted cattle on arrival. Based on average slaughter prices over a 10-yr period for healthy cattle, return was $690. Return after final treatment for cattle with foot rot was $568, foot rot in heavy cattle was $695, and injury was $259. However, joint infections and lame with no visible swelling had negative returns of –$286 and –$701, respectively.

Valvular and infection-associated risk factors as criteria to guide the use of echocardiography in patients with native joint infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Beaufrère ◽  
Thibaut Pressat-Laffouilhère ◽  
Christian Marcelli ◽  
Jocelyn Michon ◽  
Thierry Lequerré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Abortion and various associated risk factors in dairy cow and sheep in Ili, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Deng ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Zhiran Shao ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractWe studied livestock abortion and various associated risk factors in the Ili region of northwest China. Livestock abortion prevalence was estimated and correlated with infections (Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia seropositivity) and management (farming type and contact with other herds/flocks) risk factors. The prevalence of cow and sheep abortion induced by Brucella was 76.8% (P<0.0001) and 84.1% (P<0.0001), and Mycoplasma caused an estimated 15.5% (P=0.025) and 17.6% (P<0.001) abortions, respectively. Abortion-related risk factors included mixed farming (cow P=0.001, sheep P<0.001), contact with other flocks (cow P=0.007, sheep P=0.003), brucellosis positivity (cow P<0.001, sheep P<0.001) and Mycoplasma positivity (cow P=0.031, sheep P<0.001). A total of 2996 serum samples (1402 cow, 1594 sheep) were identified by RBPT (Rose Bengal Plate Test), and they showed the seroprevalence of brucellosis in X county was cow 7.1%, sheep 9.1%; in H county was cow 11.7%, sheep 10.7%; and in Q county was cow 4.2%, sheep 9.1%. The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma in X county was cow 3.4%, sheep 7.9%; in H county was cow 5.3%, sheep 9.9%; and in Q county was cow 2.1%, sheep 4.3%. A total of 54 samples, including aborted cow (22), sheep (30) fetuses and milk samples (2), were identified as Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) positive. A total of 38 Brucella were isolated from 16 aborted cow, 20 sheep fetuses and 2 milk samples. All of these isolates were identified, and confirmed, as B. melitensis. A phylogenetic tree showed that the Brucella isolates closely matched the B. melitensis biovar 3 isolated in Inner Mongolia, China, and B. melitensis isolated from Norway and India. These results suggest that B. melitensis biovar 3 is the main pathogen responsible for cow and sheep abortion and also pose a human health risk. Additionally, livestock reproduction can also be influenced by Mycoplasma infection and managerial factors (farming type and contact with other herds/flocks), especially in remote areas.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Zhian S. Ramzi ◽  
Mahfoodh A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out                                                                                       to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia.  In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Frequency of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Related Phlebitis and Related Risk Factors: A Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Umma Salma ◽  
Mohammad Abdus Sattar Sarker ◽  
Nahida Zafrin ◽  
Kazi Shamin Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization (PIVC) related complication is a common and significant problem in clinical practices. The aim of the study was to see the pattern of complication developed by PIVC and to find out the associated risk factors. Materials & methods: A prospective study was conducted amongst 300 patients and 420 PIVCs were observed. Results: 76 (18.09%) patients developed phlebitis and among the phlebitis patients 55.26% were grade 2 and 22.37% grade 3. Hypertonic fluid infusion and some antibiotics were found as risk factors for phlebitis. Amongst the antibiotics flucloxacilin (60%), amikacin (50%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were most common antibiotics responsible for development of phlebitis. Conclusions: Catheterization site and use of antibiotics and potassium chloride with associated co-morbidities are predisposing factors for phlebitis. Better insertion technique may be sought to lower the incidence of PIVC related complications. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (1) : 29-33

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin Deficiency as an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faeq Husain-Syed ◽  
István Vadász ◽  
Jochen Wilhelm ◽  
Hans-Dieter Walmrath ◽  
Werner Seeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Igg Deficiency ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Ratio

Despite the pandemic status of COVID-19, there is limited information about host risk factors and treatment beyond supportive care. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be a potential treatment target. Our aim was to determine the incidence of IgG deficiency and associated risk factors in a cohort of 62 critical ill COVID-19 patients admitted to two German ICUs (72.6% male, median age: 61 years). 13 (21.0%) of the patients displayed IgG deficiency (IgG <7 g/L) at baseline (predominant for the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses). IgG-deficient patients had worse measures of clinical disease severity than those with normal IgG levels (shorter duration from disease onset to ICU admission, lower ratio of PaO2 to FiO2, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and higher levels of ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum creatinine). IgG-deficient patients were also more likely to have sustained lower levels of lymphocyte counts and higher levels of ferritin throughout the hospital stay. Furthermore, IgG-deficient patients compared to those with normal IgG levels displayed higher rates of acute kidney injury (76.9% vs. 26.5%; p=0.005) and death (46.2% vs. 14.3%; p=0.012), longer ICU (28 [6-48] vs. 12 [3-18] days; p=0.012) and hospital length of stay (30 [22-50] vs. 18 [9-24] days; p=0.004). Multivariable logistic regression showed increasing odds of 90-day overall mortality associated with IgG-deficiency (OR 12.8, 95% CI 1.5-108.4; p=0.019). IgG deficiency might be common in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and warrants investigation as both a marker of disease severity as well as a potential therapeutic target.

Suicidal tendencies prevalence and its associated risk factors among Nigerian university students:A Quantitative survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BACKGROUND Stemming from the recent increase reported rate of suicide among undergraduate students in Nigeria,has created a concern to the society OBJECTIVE this study aims to investigate some risk factors associated with suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students in Nigeria using a quantitative survey research approach METHODS A multistage sampling method was used to select 2123 sampled undergraduate students in Southwest Nigeria. A self-developed questionnaire consist of indices of suicidal tendencies was used to collect data. While, Logistic regression was employed as statistical tools. RESULTS Findings suggests that 151 (7.5%) of the respondents had suicidal tendencies with risk factors like alcoholism (OR = 1.02, {1.01–1.04}) and helplessness (OR = 1.04; {1.01–1.06}) reported strong and significant association (p < 0.05). While depression (OR = .985, {.960–1.01}), hopelessness (OR = .999, {.971–1.01}), self-worry (OR = 1.00, {.988–1.02}), self-doubt (OR = 1.00, {.983–1.03}), inefficacy (OR = .991, {.966–1.02}), age (OR = 1.00, {.043–2.325}) and gender (OR = 1.04, {.724–1.50}) showed weak and non-significant association with suicidal tendencies (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study concludes there is slight prevalence of suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students, however, there is a need to introduce suicidal prevention education into university curriculum as a way to contain the prevalence of suicide among adolescents and youths. Further, studies should focus on the development of psychosocial interventions that can be used by counselling psychologist, public health and social health workers for individuals identified with suicidal tendencies, while regular suicide awareness and prevention programms are urgently suggested in the interim.

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