scholarly journals Effects of a blend of mannan and glucan on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, energy status and whole-blood immune gene expression of beef steers during a 42-d receiving period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Godstime Taiwo ◽  
Zaira M Estrada-Reyes ◽  
Y Jiang ◽  
Andres A Pech-Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of mannan and glucan on the growth performance, energy status, and whole-blood immune gene expression of newly weaned beef steers during a 42 d receiving period. Forty eight newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (2 d post-weaning; 199 ± 13 kg of initial BW) from a single source were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 24) or a basal diet top-dressed with 5 g of a blend of mannan and glucan (MANGLU; n = 24). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) from days 1 – 14, 15 – 42, and 1 – 42 were calculated from daily dry matter intake (DMI) and weekly BW. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 42 for measurement of plasma glucose and NEFA. Blood samples collected on days 14 and 42 were composited for each steer for untargeted carbonyl-metabolome analysis (measurement of carbonyl-containing metabolites). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on blood samples collected on day 42. Beginning on days 37 to 42, total mixed ration, refusals, and fecal samples were collected once daily to determine apparent total tract digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF using indigestible NDF as an internal marker. Over the 42-d feeding trial, supplemental MANGLU tended to increase final BW (P = 0.07) and ADG (P = 0.06). Compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental MANGLU had greater (P = 0.01) DMI during the first 14 d, greater DM digestibility (P = 0.03), and tended to have greater NDF digestibility (P = 0.09). No treatment effects (P > 0.10) on plasma glucose and NEFA on d 14 and 42 were detected; however, carbonyl-metabolome analysis revealed increased (FDR ≤ 0.05) plasma concentrations of galactose and glyceraldehydes, and altered (FDR ≤ 0.05) concentrations of some microbiome-derived metabolites in beef steers fed MANGLU. Compared with CON, MANGLU increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of five immune-related genes involved in recognition of and mounting immune defense against microbial pathogens. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that supplemental MANGLU enhances beef cattle immunocompetence and productivity during feedlot receiving period.

339 Effects of a Blend of Mannan and Glucan on Growth Performance and Immunocompetence of Newly Weaned Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Godstime A Taiwo ◽  
Ibukun M Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of mannan and glucan on the growth performance, diet digestibility, and whole-blood immune gene expression of newly weaned beef steers during a 42-d receiving period. Forty-eight newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (2 d post-weaning; 199 ± 13 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 24) or a basal diet top-dressed with 5 g of a blend of mannan and glucan (MANGLU; n = 24). Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated from weekly BW. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 42 for measurement of plasma glucose and NEFA. Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on blood samples collected on day 42. Beginning on days 37 to 42, total mixed ration, refusals, and fecal samples were collected once daily to determine apparent total tract digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF using indigestible NDF as an internal marker. Immune gene expression data was analyzed using a GeneGlobe Data Analysis Center. All other data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Over the 42-d feeding trial, MANGLU tended to increase final BW (P = 0.07) and ADG (P = 0.06). Compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental MANGLU had greater DM digestibility (P = 0.03) and tended to have greater NDF digestibility (P = 0.09). No treatment effects (P > 0.10) on plasma glucose and NEFA on d 14 and 42 were detected. Compared with CON, MANGLU increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of five immune-related genes involved in recognition of and mounting immune defense against microbial pathogens. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that supplemental MANGLU enhances beef cattle immunocompetence and productivity during feedlot receiving period.

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and fermentation products in the diet of newly weaned beef steers: growth performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, serum biochemistry, and plasma metabolome1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Adeyemi ◽  
David L Harmon ◽  
D M Paulus Compart ◽  
Ibukun M Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the growth performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, serum biochemistry, and plasma metabolome of newly weaned beef steers during a 42 d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (7 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) from a single source were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet top-dressed with 19 g of the DFM (PROB; n = 20). Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on blood samples collected on days 21 and 42. Serum biochemical parameters and plasma metabolome were analyzed on days 0, 21, and 42. On day 40, fecal grab samples were collected for pH measurement. Compared with CON, dietary supplementation of PROB increased final body weight (P = 0.01) and ADG (1.42 vs. 1.23 kg; P = 0.04) over the 42 d feeding trial. There was a tendency for improved FE with PROB supplementation (P = 0.10). No treatment effect (P = 0.24) on DMI was observed. Supplementation with PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the concentrations of serum calcium, total protein, and albumin. Compared with CON, dietary supplementation with PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of some immune-related genes involved in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6), T-cell differentiation (such as STAT6, ICAM1, RORC, TBX21, and CXCR3) and others such as TNF and CASP1, on day 21 and/or day 42. Conversely, IL-8 was upregulated (P = 0.01) in beef steers fed CON diet on day 21. Plasma untargeted plasma metabolome analysis revealed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of metabolites, 5-methylcytosine and indoleacrylic acid involved in protecting the animals against inflammation in steers fed PROB diet. There was a tendency for lower fecal pH in steers fed PROB diet (P = 0.08), a possible indication of increased hindgut fermentation. This study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB diet improved the performance, nutritional status, and health of newly weaned beef steers during a 42 d receiving period.

scholarly journals PSIX-22 Performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers fed diet supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial product

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Devan M Compart ◽  
Andres A Pech-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial on the performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers during a 42-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (7 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet top-dressed with 19 g of the DFM (PROB; n = 20). PROB (PMI, Arden Hills, MN) is an optimized blend of 6.2 × 1011 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae, 3.5 × 1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei. Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on whole blood samples collected on days 21 and 42. Plasma metabolome was analyzed on day 42. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with treatment as a fixed effect and BW as a random effect. Compared with CON, PROB increased or tended to increase final body weight (P = 0.01), ADG (P = 0.04), and FE (P = 0.10). Compared with CON, PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of seven immune-related genes involved in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell differentiation. Plasma metabolome analysis revealed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in concentrations of ten metabolites involved in protecting the animals against inflammation in steers fed PROB diet. This study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB improved the performance and health of newly weaned beef steers during a 42-d receiving period.

scholarly journals Chlorophytum borivilianumPolysaccharide Fraction Provokes the Immune Function and Disease Resistance ofLabeo rohitaagainstAeromonas hydrophila

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Shib Sankar Sen ◽  
Cheng Chi ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
Saekil Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Serum Lysozyme ◽  
Immune Related Genes

The present study aimed to investigate the effects ofChlorophytum borivilianumpolysaccharide (CBP), as a dietary supplement administered at varying concentrations with feed (basal diet), on various cytokine-related responses inLabeo rohitafingerlings. Immune parameters and immune-related gene expressions were measured at 3rd, 4th, and 5th week after feeding. The results revealed that dietary administration of CBP at 0.2% and 0.4% for 4 weeks significantly upregulated serum lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Complement C3 and respiratory burst activity (RBA) were significantly higher after 4 weeks of CBP feeding. The immune related genesIL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α, andiNOSwere downregulated (P<0.05) in groups with 0.2% and 0.4% CBP supplemented diets at week 4. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10andTGF-β) was also downregulated (P<0.5) after 4 weeks of feeding with 0.2% to 0.8% CBP. However, five weeks of CBP administration had no significant effect on immune gene expression, exceptTNF-αandIL-8. Fish fed with 0.4% CBP for 4 weeks showed maximum resistance againstAeromonas hydrophila(73.3% survival) compared to control. From these results, we recommend that CBP administration at 0.4% for 4 weeks could effectively improve immune response and disease resistance inL. rohita.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of two multispecies direct-fed microbial products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, and metabolome of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Megan McCoun ◽  
Modoluwamu D Idowu ◽  
Sunday O Peters
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Fermentation Products

Abstract We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, and metabolome of beef steers. Nine ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (mean ± SD body weight: 243 ± 12.4 kg) were assigned to three treatments arranged in a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were 1) control (CON; basal diet), 2) Commence (PROB; basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and 3) RX3 (SYNB; basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence and RX3 are both multispecies DFM products. From day 16 to 20 of each period, feed and fecal samples were collected daily to determine the apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrients using indigestible neutral detergent fiber method. On day 21 of each period, blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acid. Ruminal contents were collected at approximately 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h after feeding on day 21 for analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, ammonia-N concentrations, bacterial community, and metabolome profile. Total tract digestibilities of nutrients did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments. Compared with CON, steers fed either supplemental PROB or SYNB had greater (P = 0.04) plasma glucose concentrations. Compared with CON, total ruminal VFA, propionate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.05) or tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10) with either supplemental PROB or SYNB, but were not different (P &gt; 0.05) between PROB and SYNB. Compared with CON, PROB reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002. Supplemental SYNB decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 7, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. Compared with CON, metabolome analysis revealed that some amino acids were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in steers fed PROB. This study demonstrated that, compared with CON, supplementation of either PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome differently; however, their effects on the ruminal VFA profile and energy status of the steers were not different from each other.

scholarly journals Average daily gain divergence in beef steers is associated with altered plasma metabolome and whole blood immune-related gene expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Megan McCoun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Related Gene ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract We evaluated the plasma amine/phenol- and carbonyl-metabolome and whole-blood immune gene expression profiles in beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight Angus crossbred beef steers (21 days postweaning; 210 ± 8.5 kg of body weight) were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days with free access to water. After 42 days of feeding, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8). Blood samples were taken from all steers. The blood samples from LF and HF steers were used for further analysis. A subsample of the whole blood was immediately transferred into RNA-protect tubes for RNA extraction and messenger RNA expressions of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Another subsample of the whole blood was immediately centrifuged to harvest the plasma for subsequent metabolome analysis. The average daily dry matter intake of the steers in LF and HF was 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). The ADG (1.09 kg ± 0.13) of LF was lower (P = 0.01) than that of HF (1.63 kg ± 0.20). The expressions of 10 immune-related genes were upregulated (FC ≥ 1.2; P ≤ 0.05) in HF steers; these genes were involved in viral pathogen recognition and eradication, defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens and parasites, and immune response homeostasis. A total number of 42 carbonyl-containing metabolites and 229 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of both groups. No alteration in carbonyl-metabolome was detected. Ten metabolites with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen-scavenging properties were greater (FDR ≤ 0.05) in HF steers, whereas eight metabolites including arginine, phenylalanine, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartyl-threonine were greater in LF steers. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma amine/phenol metabolome and immune-related gene expressions in the blood. Notably, plasma metabolites and immune-related genes of great health benefits were greater in steers with high ADG.

scholarly journals PSVI-3 Effects of dietary supplementation of multi-species direct-fed microbial products on energy status, apparent nutrient digestibility, and rumen metatranscriptome of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 435-436
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Andres A Pech-Cervantes ◽  
Devan M Compart
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial Products

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of two different multi-strain direct-fed microbial products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal metatranscriptome of beef steers. Nine rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 3 treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) PROB (basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and (3) SYNB (basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence is a blend of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei. RX3 is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. Rumen fluid (for metatranscriptomics analysis) and blood samples (for analysis of plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid) were collected on d 21 of each period. From d 16 – 20, TMR and fecal samples were collected daily to determine apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients using indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) method. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The model included the effects of treatment, period, and random effects of cow and square. There were no effects on DMI and non-esterified fatty acid. Compared with CON, steers fed either additives had greater (P = 0.02) plasma glucose concentrations. Results of metatranscriptome analysis revealed no differentially expressed functional genes among the treatments. Apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients were also similar among treatments. These results demonstrated that supplemental PROB and SYNB improved the plasma glucose concentration, but had no effects on the functional capacity of the ruminal microbiome and apparent digestibility of nutrients in beef steers.

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