scholarly journals Phenotypic factors associated with lamb live weight and carcass composition measurements in an Irish multi-breed sheep population1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Mary McGovern ◽  
Noirin McHugh ◽  
Shauna Fitzmaurice ◽  
Thierry Pabiou ◽  
Kevin McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract Understanding the phenotypic factors that affect lamb live weight and carcass composition is imperative to generating accurate genetic evaluations and further enables implementation of functional management strategies. This study investigated phenotypic factors affecting live weight across the growing season and traits associated with carcass composition in lambs from a multibreed sheep population. Four live weight traits and two carcass composition traits were considered for analysis namely; birth, preweaning, weaning, and postweaning weight, and ultrasound muscle depth and fat depth. A total of 427,927 records from 159,492 lambs collected from 775 flocks between the years 2016 and 2019, inclusive were available from the Irish national sheep database. Factors associated with live weight and carcass composition were determined using linear mixed models. The heaviest birth, preweaning, and weaning weights were associated with single born lambs (P < 0.001), however by postweaning, there was no difference observed in the weights of single and twin born lambs (P > 0.01). Breed class affected lamb live weight and carcass composition with terminal lambs weighing heaviest and having greater muscle depth than all other breed classes investigated (P < 0.001). Lambs born to first parity dams were consistently lighter, regardless of time of weighing (P < 0.001), while dams lambing for the first time as ewe lambs produced lighter lambs than those lambing for the first time as hoggets (P < 0.001). Greater heterosis coefficients (i.e., >90% and ≤100%) resulted in heavier lambs at weaning compared with lambs with lower levels of heterosis coefficients (P < 0.001). A heterosis coefficient class <10% resulted in lambs with greater muscle depth while recombination loss of <10% increased ultrasound fat depth (P < 0.001). Results from this study highlight the impact of multiple animal level factors on lamb live weight and carcass composition which will enable more accurate bio-economic models and genetic evaluations going forward.

THE PROBLEMS OF THE INVESTIGATOR’S FORENSIC THINKING FORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Руслан Юрьевич Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Objective Investigation

Актуальность статьи связана с поиском новых способов и методов повышения эффективности борьбы с преступностью, оперативного раскрытия преступлений, а также с набирающим популярность среди криминалистов направлением «криминалистического мышления», овладение навыками которого будет способствовать наиболее полноценному и объективному расследованию уголовных дел. Проблемным в настоящее время является недостаточное качество следствия и необходимость повышения когнитивных способностей следователей (дознавателей). Задачей исследования являлось выявление факторов, влияющих на развитие и формирование криминалистического мышления следователей. Цель работы - провести анализ составных частей процесса становления следователя и особенностей его практической деятельности, влияющих на когнитивные способности с точки зрения криминалистики, путем изучения и сравнения имеющихся материалов по данной тематике. Анализу подвергнуты личностные качества следователя, особенности образовательного процесса и влияние опыта на результаты работы, а также факторы, сопутствующие следственной деятельности (организация труда, уровень стресса, нагрузки и т. д.). Результат проведенного исследования выражен в определении проблемных факторов, влияющих на формирование криминалистического мышления следователя (дознавателя) и возможных путей их преодоления, важности такого мышления, которое остается знанием, постоянно сориентированным в сторону практики. The relevance of the article is related to the search for new ways and methods to improve the effectiveness of the fight against crime, the prompt detection of crimes, as well as the trend of «forensic thinking», which is gaining popularity among criminalists, mastering the skills of which will contribute to the most complete and objective investigation of criminal cases. Problems at present are insufficient quality of investigation and the need to improve the cognitive abilities of investigators (inquirers). The task of the study was to identify factors that influence the development and formation of forensic thinking of investigators. The purpose of the work is- to analyze the components of the process of formation of an investigator and features of his practical activities affecting the cognitive abilities in terms of forensics by studying and comparing existing materials on this topic. The analysis is subjected to the personal qualities of an investigator, the peculiarities of the educational process and the impact of experience on the results of work, as well as factors associated with the investigative activity (organization of work, stress and stress levels, etc.). The result of the study is expressed in the definition of problematic factors affecting the formation of forensic thinking of an investigator (inquirer) and possible ways to overcome them, the importance of such thinking, which remains knowledge, constantly oriented towards practice

Investigation of spatial configuration management on social distancing of recreational clubhouse for COVID-19 in Penang, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Adibah Binti Abdul Nasir ◽  
Ahmad Sanusi Hassan ◽  
Fatemeh Khozaei ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez Bin Abdul Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact

PurposeSince the appearance of COVID-19 social distancing and staying home have been recommended repeatedly by the governments for disease prevention. As the challenge continues to remain the current study seeks to examine the factors affecting social distancing through space planning and management. More specifically the current study aims to examine the appropriateness of the spatial organization and space configuration of a clubhouse with a linear plan layout in the mitigation of the spread of infections due to serious pandemic COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachFor an enhanced understanding of the impact of spatial arrangements of public spaces plan on the effective implementation of social distancing this study has used the space syntax analysis method. The MPSP clubhouse building in Penang, Malaysia was selected as the case study. The level of permeability and wayfinding were determined in the building plan and were illustrated using photoshop software to depict the interrelation between the indoor spaces and building circulation. Graphs of the depth of space were used to analyze the level of permeability and wayfinding to illustrate the possibility of social distancing in the plan.FindingsThe result of the study shows the significant role of proper plan layout design on social distancing. While clear and direct wayfinding can positively be associated with more effective social distancing, the inefficient design of user access, inappropriate locations of multiple entry and exit and indefinite directions of users' inside buildings can impose slight limitations. The average level of permeability might suggest ineffective spatial arrangement, ignoring the needs of spatial segregation. The study further found that the linear plan layouts with proper zoning and effective management strategies can be considered a proper layout to facilitate social distancing and the spread of COVID-19.Originality/valueThe current study is unique in terms of examination of the spatial configuration of linear public spaces plan layout for possible temporary adaptability to curb disease spread during the unexpected advent of a pandemic. Based on researchers' best of knowledge it is the first time that the impact of recreational space design on social distancing has been examined. The study also originally sheds light on the fact that the commonly used guideline for the social distancing of 1–2 m between 2 persons, in reality, is practically inadequate given the nature of the sports activities.

scholarly journals 'Some like it alien': predation on invasive ring–necked parakeets by the long–eared owl in an urban area

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mori ◽  
L. Malfatti ◽  
M. Le Louarn ◽  
D. Hernández–Brito ◽  
B. ten Cate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Murid Rodents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Owl Pellets

Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.

The impact of the difficult vascular access, fear, and anxiety level in children on the success of first-time phlebotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker ◽  
Dijle Ayar ◽  
Emine Zahide Özdemir ◽  
Murat Bektaş
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Children’S Anxiety ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the success of first-time phlebotomy and the affecting factors in children between 4 and 10 years of age. Methods: This descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 children who underwent phlebotomy. The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Children’s Anxiety Meter–State, the Children’s Fear Scale, and the Difficult Intravenous Access score were used to collect the data for the study. The relationship between the success of first-time phlebotomy, mean pre-phlebotomy fear and anxiety score, and Difficult Intravenous Access score were examined. The variables affecting the success of first-time phlebotomy were assessed by regression analysis. Results: Phlebotomies failed in 18.1% of children. A statistically significant relationship was found between the success of first-time phlebotomy, Children’s Anxiety Meter–State, Children’s Fear Scale mean scores assessed by the researchers, and Difficult Intravenous Access score. Factors affecting the success of first-time phlebotomy include difficult vascular access, age, mean Children’s Anxiety Meter–State score, mean Difficult Intravenous Access score, and duration of the last phlebotomy performed. These factors explain 42% of the total factors affecting the success of first-time phlebotomy. Conclusion: Child’s fear, anxiety before phlebotomy, and difficult vascular access affects the first-time phlebotomy success.

scholarly journals Genetics of lactation persistency

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Swalve ◽  
N. Gengler
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Correct Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complicated Task

AbstractLactation persistency, often simply called persistency, in general can be defined as the ability to maintain yields during the lactation. Persistency has an impact on food costs, health, and fertility. Of these three components affected by persistency, the impact of persistency on health, i.e. metabolic stress of the cow leading to health problems, may be most important nowadays. Numerous suggestions for criteria of persistency exist. Often simple ratios of part-lactation yields, e.g. the ratio of yield in the first and last 100 days of lactation, have been used. New approaches have used results from the application of random regression test day models developed for the genetic evaluation of yield traits. Many studies unfortunately have neglected the effect of gestation on persistency but acknowledged that an improved persistency should lead to an improved reproductive performance. Both relationships should be considered in genetic analyses and recommendations for improvement of management decisions. Today the correct description of persistency plays a prominent rôle to obtain correct genetic evaluations based on test day yields. But, although apparently trivial, a direct genetic analysis of lactation persistency and even more an inclusion of this trait into selection programmes clearly is a complicated task. A reason for this, amongst others, is that management strategies for feeding during the lactation and handling of the reproductive performance that are most often not recorded, are likely to mask the real persistency. Future studies on the genetics of persistency should also seek a strong interaction of geneticists and physiologists as persistency is fundamentally confounded with the problem of metabolic stress. Today, a recommendation of the inclusion of persistency in selection programmes appears to be premature and more studies, e. g. on the association of persistency with longevity, could aid in this process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diversification of Production Activities by Major Public Oil Companies on the Value of Their Shares

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeny Busygin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Financial Indicator ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Profitability Ratios

The studies devoted to the analysis of the diversification of production activities of the largest public oil companies andits impact on their cost do not consider production or financial factors, which are important indicators for assessing thedevelopment prospects of companies.In this article, an econometric analysis will be carried out to identify the external and internal factors affecting thecapitalization of the largest vertically integrated oil companies, and for the first time, profitability ratios for each ofthem will be used to test the hypothesis about the positive impact of diversification of activities on the upstream anddownstream segments.As a result of the study, it was found that an increase in profitability in the upstream segment leads to an increase in thevalue of oil companies shares, while profitability in the downstream segment turned out to be an insignificant factor thatnegatively affects the dependent variable.The obtained results indicate that investors are more oriented to the financial indicator related to the production sector,ignoring the refining segment, which may lead to underestimation of oil companies and subsequent adjustments of stockprices.The final conclusions can be used by investment companies and other stock market participants as part of investmentdecision making process regarding the acquisition/sale of shares of large vertically integrated oil companies.As part of the development of a study on the valuation of oil companies, it could be analyzed the influence of the factorsconsidered in the work on firms that conduct production activities separately in upstream and downstream segments.

scholarly journals ‘Some like it alien’: predation on invasive ring–necked parakeets by the long–eared owl in an urban area

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mori ◽  
L. Malfatti ◽  
M. Le Louarn ◽  
D. Hernández–Brito ◽  
B. ten Cate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Murid Rodents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Owl Pellets

Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.

A Review of Preanalytical Factors Affecting Molecular, Protein, and Morphological Analysis of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue: How Well Do You Know Your FFPE Specimen?

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 1520-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Paige Bass ◽  
Kelly B. Engel ◽  
Sarah R. Greytak ◽  
Helen M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Paraffin Embedding ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Context Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding is a timeless, cost-efficient, and widely adopted method of preserving human tissue biospecimens that has resulted in a substantial reservoir of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks that represent both the pathology and preanalytical handling of the biospecimen. This reservoir of specimens is increasingly being used for DNA, RNA, and proteomic analyses. Objective To evaluate the impact of preanalytical factors associated with the formalin fixation and paraffin embedding process on downstream morphological and molecular endpoints. Data Sources We surveyed the existing literature using the National Cancer Institute's Biospecimen Research Database for published reports investigating the potential influence of preanalytical factors associated with the formalin fixation and paraffin embedding process on DNA, RNA, protein, and morphological endpoints. Conclusions Based on the literature evidence, the molecular, proteomic, and morphological endpoints can be altered in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens by suboptimal processing conditions. While the direction and magnitude of effects associated with a given preanalytical factor were dependent on the analyte (DNA, RNA, protein, and morphology) and analytical platform, acceptable conditions are highlighted, and a summary of conditions that could preclude analysis is provided.

scholarly journals LAND USE CONVERSION: EVALUATION AND STRATEGIC ACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Ruth Roselin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The conversion of agricultural land  in Sumedang of  the  year  2005-2014 reached 317 hectares. The land generally converted  into housing, office buildings and public facilities. This study aims to conduct a comprenhensive  evaluation of the factors affecting changes in  land use, analyze the impact of the changes and develop management strategies. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach located in Sumedang District, West Java Province. Sampling was done by multistage random sampling. The first step is selection of the sample subdistricts purposively with consideration of subdistricts that convert of land use at most, they are: Sumedang Selatan, Jatinangor and Jatigede. The second step sample selection by simple random  to residents who do changes their agricultural land use. The data obtained from questionnaires, interviews,observations, study of documents and mass media. Working method is based on a modification of the stages of strategic planning for the company. Formulation of the strategy carried out through three phases: phase determination of the key internal and external factors, phase matching using the SWOT matrix, as well as the decision phase using QSPM matrix. The resulting strategy is implemented in a more technical work steps. The results showed the factors that affect farmers convert agricultural land is decreasing productivity of  the land, accretion of family members, the right of inheritance of land, high land prices, construction of public facilities and government policy. The most dominant factor affecting is different in each district. The impact of changes in land use in general is the opening of new agricultural land by cutting down forests, decline in rice productivity and the emergence of new unemployment and alteration or  loss of livelihood. From the SWOT analysis matrix, obtained three possible strategic options. First, a policy review of spatial and territories; second, to encourage farmers to maintain agricultural land by providing agricultural inputs and extension the use of organic materials to restore soil fertility and the third private land use change should be governed by strict licensing mechanism.

scholarly journals Simulation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 with an Agent-based Model of Zonal Restraint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Álvarez ◽  
Sergio Rojas-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractNon-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) are currently the only mechanism governments can use to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Similarly to the actual spread of the disease, the dynamics of the contention patterns emerging from the application of NPIs are complex and depend on interactions between people within a specific region as well as other stochastic factors associated to demographic, geographic, political and economical conditions. Agent-based models simulate microscopic rules of simultaneous spatial interactions between multiple agents within a population, in an attempt to reproduce the complex dynamics of the effect of the contention measures. In this way, it is possible to design individual behaviours along with NPI scenarios, measuring how the simulation dynamics is affected and therefore, yielding rapid insights to perform a broad assessment of the potential of composite interventions at different stages of the epidemic. In this paper we describe a model and a tool to experiment with such kind of analysis applied to a conceptual city, considering a number of widely-applied NPIs such as social distancing, case isolation, home quarantine, total lockdown, sentinel testing, mask wearing and a distinctive “zonal” enforcement measure, requiring these interventions to be applied gradually to separated enclosed districts (zones). We find that the model is able to capture emerging dynamics associated to these NPIs; besides, the zonal contention strategy yields an improvement on the mitigation impact across all scenarios of combination with individual NPIs. The model and tool are open to extensions to account for omitted or newer factors affecting the planning and design of NPIs intended to counter the late stages or forthcoming waves of the COVID-19 crisis.

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