scholarly journals Impact of single or repeated short-term heat challenges mimicking summer heat waves on thermoregulatory responses and performances in finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Renaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Entire Experiment

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of single or repeated short heat stress (HS) challenges that mimicked summer heat waves on performance and thermoregulatory responses in finishing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred castrated males were tested in three consecutive replicates of 15 pigs. Within each replicate, pigs were assigned to one of five treatments. Pigs in treatment group TTT were maintained in thermoneutral conditions (22 °C) for the entire experiment (45 d). Pigs in treatment group HHH were subjected to an HS challenge (32 °C for 5 d) at 113, 127, and 141 d of age (in experimental periods P1, P2, and P3, respectively). Pigs in treatment groups HTT, THT, and TTH were subjected to the HS challenge at 113, 127, or 141 d of age, respectively. Each 5-d challenge was preceded by a 3-d prechallenge period and followed by a 7-d recovery period. Pigs were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum. HS significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain (ADG). Expressed as a percentage of the performance observed during the prechallenge period, ADFI decreased by 12%, 22%, and 26% and ADG decreased by 12%, 43%, and 72% in the HTT, THT, and TTH groups, respectively. Regardless of the experimental group, no compensatory performance was observed during the recovery period, suggesting that HS has a long-lasting effect on animal performance. Pigs subjected to HS had an immediate increase in core body temperature (Tcore), skin temperature, and respiratory rate, all of which gradually decreased during the HS challenge. Based on Tcore measurements, hypothermia was observed during the recovery period in each of the three experimental periods, especially for pigs in the HHH and the HTT groups but only during the first HS cycle. Repeated exposure to HS for the HHH group resulted in heat acclimation responses characterized by a lower increase in Tcore and lower decrease in ADFI during P2 and P3 than during P1.

Stray voltage: its influence on swine production during the fattening period

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Robert ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
J. Bertin-Mahieux ◽  
G.-P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Stray Voltage

The effects of continuous stray voltage were evaluated on growing-finishing pigs between the ages of 10 and 12 wk. Seventy-two pigs were assigned to six blocks of 12 animals each. The following treatments were randomly distributed in each block according to a 2 × 3 factorial design: feeding level (A) (restricted or ad libitum) and voltage level (0, 5 or 8 volts) as a continuous difference of potential between feeder or drinker and the metallic floor). The total drinking time (P < 0.10) and the number of drinking bouts (P < 0.05) were lower in the 8-V group than in the 0-V group for restricted-fed pigs during the hour after feed distribution. The percentage of observation time spent drinking during light hours was reduced in the 5-V and 8-V groups at 18 (P < 0.01) and 20 wk (P < 0.05). However, it was only between 14 and 16 wk of age that water intake was lower in the voltage groups (P < 0.05). There was no effect of voltage on mean daily feed intake and average daily gain over the whole fattening period (P > 0.3). Nonetheless, the mean eating frequency during light hours from 10 to 20 wk of age was higher in the 8-V than in the 0-V and 5-V groups of restricted-fed pigs, while it was similar in the three groups fed ad libitum (A × V lin; P < 0.05). Stray voltage at 8 V increased sitting time and decreased resting time in restricted-fed groups during light hours (A × V lin; P < 0.05) but the occurrence of aggressive encounters was very low in the three treatment groups throughout the study. Finally, the metabolic profile, the frequency and the severity of gastric ulcerative lesions and the meat color were similar among the treatments (P > 0.10). Key words: Stray voltage, growing-finishing pigs, behavior, growth performance, health

Temporal changes in growth enhancement by ractopamine in pigs: performance aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
YS Kim ◽  
FR Dunshea ◽  
RG Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Over Time

Ractopamine is a phenethanolamine with G-adrenergic agonist activity which stimulates growth in pigs. In order to test whether the growth-enhancing properties of ractopamine change over time, 40 Large White crossbred gilts (47.0 kg liveweight) were assigned to five treatment groups: CON, control diet for 6 weeks; RAC, ractopamine(20 mg/kg feed) for 6 weeks; C/R, CON for 3 weeks, then RAC for 3 weeks; R/C, RAC for 3 weeks, then CON for 3 weeks; ALT, CON for weeks 1, 3, and 5, and RAC in weeks 2, 4 and 6. The control diet was a commercial wheat and soy-based grower ration (13 MJ DE/kg, 16% crude protein, 0.9% lysine, 0.6 g available lysine/MJ DE); all pigs were fed 2.25 kg/day. Weekly measurements included body weight and P2 backfat (by ultrasound). Due to uncertainty about the data from the final week, results for weeks 1 to 3 and 3 to 5 are presented. Average daily gain (ADG) was increased by RAC (+16%) during the first 3 weeks, with no further improvement thereafter. C/R produced higher ADG (+21%) during weeks 3 to 5 compared with controls, and ALT tended to do the same (+12%, P < 0.10). Over the 5 week period, total weight gain was increased (P > 0.05) by RAC (+18%) and ALT (+15%), and tended to increase with C/R (+12%, P < 0.10) with no significant effect of R/C (+l0%, P > 0.05). There were no differences among groups in P2 backfat during the feeding period ( P > 0.05). With the exception of dressing percentage, which was increased by RAC, C/R and ALT ( P < 0.05), carcass and meat quality characteristics (carcass weight, P2 backfat, loin eye area, pH, colour, drip loss and protein solubilities) were unaffected by any of the treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ractopamine stimulated growth in finishing pigs on restricted intakes; this effect diminished over time, and was more pronounced in older and heavier pigs. In addition, meat quality characteristics were unaffected.

Influence of the efficacy of a probiotic complex containing Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinosa on the growth performance and fecal microbiota of finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Pichia Farinosa

A total of 120 finish pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 52.61 ± 2.37 kg] were randomly allotted into three treatments for a 70 d trial to evaluate the growth performance and fecal microbiota counts in finishing pigs. Treatment groups were (i) basal diet (CON), (ii) CON + 0.1% probiotic complex (TRT1), and (iii) CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (TRT2). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain and fecal Lactobacillus counts of TRT2 were increased (P < 0.05) compared with CON treatment. The result showed that 0.2% complex probiotic was more effective than 0.1%.

scholarly journals Effects of added fat on growth performance of finishing pigs sorted by initial weight1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W Hastad ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Grease ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Light Group

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine whether dietary fat fed to pigs of different weight categories differentially influences growth performance. Both experiments were conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of dietary fat addition (0 or 6% choice white grease) and sort weight category (HEAVY, LIGHT, or MIXED). In experiment 1, 1,032 pigs (initially 30.7 kg) were individually weighed and sorted into two body weight (BW) groups with one group consisting of pigs greater than median BW and the other group less than median BW. Pens were then formed by randomly selecting pigs: 1) only from heavy group (HEAVY), 2) only from light group (LIGHT), or 3) from both heavy and light groups to create a normal distribution around barn BW mean (simulation of unsorted pigs; MIXED). In experiment 2, 1,176 pigs (initially 35.1 kg) were visually sorted into BW groups and assigned to HEAVY, LIGHT, and MIXED pen weight categories. Overall in experiment 1, adding 6% dietary fat increased average daily gain (ADG) of LIGHT pigs, but not HEAVY pigs (HEAVY vs. LIGHT × fat interaction, P = 0.03), but increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG regardless of sort category in experiment 2. In both experiments, HEAVY pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) overall ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared with LIGHT pigs. However, when HEAVY and LIGHT treatment groups were combined, growth performance and carcass characteristics were similar to MIXED pigs. Sorting decreased coefficient of variation (CV) of final BW but did not affect CV of ADG. In conclusion, because adding fat to the diets of lightweight pigs improved ADG in both experiments, dietary fat could be used selectively in the barn to increase the weight of the lightest 50% of the pigs. However, the sorting pigs into light and heavy weight groups did not improve growth performance or carcass characteristics.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

TERATOGENIK EKSTRAK ETANOL UWI BANGGAI UNGU (Dioscorea alata L.) PADA MENCIT BETINA (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Ihwan Ihwan ◽  
◽  
Rahmatia Rahmatia ◽  
Khildah Khaerati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Teratogenic is an abnormal development on embryo and is the cause of congenital defect or birth defect. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of Dioscorea alata L. ethanol extracts to the embryo development on pregnant mice whose given orally to 24 mice which divided to 4 treatment groups, they are the normal group (NG) with NaCMC 0.5%; 28 mg/KgBB treatment group; 35 mg/KgBB; 42 mg/Kg BB. The addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts was done on the sixth day until the 15th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, Laparaktomi was done to the pregnant mice and the embryo was taken out of the uterus. The observation was done to the fetus numbers, weight weighing of the fetus's body, dan length measurement of the fetus's body. Another observation is the observation of the external organ defect of the embryo. The study results that the addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts with various doses have no significant effect (P>0.5) to the mice external fetus development. On the examination of the fetus, we can conclude that Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts don’t give any effect that may cause the defect of the fetus’ external organ.

Human Stress Recovery during Exposure to Geranium Visual Stimuli

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 505b-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunhee Kim ◽  
Richard H. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Finger Skin Temperature ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Human Stress ◽  
Finger Skin

Evaluating human psychophysiological responses to plant visual stimuli provides a clearer understanding of factors within plant environments that enhance or maximize recovery from stress. Advances in physiological monitoring technology allow continuous recording and more-refined data collection of human responses to environmental stimuli. The objective of this study was to compare effects on stress recovery by exposures to geranium visual stimuli following an induced stressor, by measuring changes in physiological indicators and emotional states. One-hundred-fifty college students were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: red-flowering geraniums, non-flowering geraniums, or no geraniums. Each student viewed a 10-min film of a stressful human situation following a 5-min baseline, then was exposed to an assigned treatment setting during a 5-min recovery period. Continuous physiological measurements were taken of brainwave activities (EEG), skin conductance (EDR), and finger skin temperature. Self-rating scores of subjects' feelings were taken using the Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reactions. Comparisons among treatment groups will be discussed based on gender and other demographic factors.

scholarly journals Differences in the Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injection and Orally Administered Antipsychotics in Reducing Rehospitalization among Patients with Schizophrenia Receiving Home Care Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Fen Hsu ◽  
Chia-Chan Kao ◽  
Ti Lu ◽  
Jeremy C. Ying ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Rehospitalization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Long Acting

The current study explored the differences in the effectiveness of first and second generation long-acting injections and orally administered antipsychotics in reducing the rehospitalization rate among patients with schizophrenia receiving home care services in a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Longitudinal data between 1 January 2006, and 31 December 2015, were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified into three treatment groups: First generation antipsychotic (FGA) long-acting injection (LAI), second generation antipsychotic long-acting injection (SGA) (LAI), and oral antipsychotics. The primary outcomes were the rehospitalization rate and the follow-up time (duration of receiving home care services) until psychiatric rehospitalization. A total of 78 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The average observation time was about 40 months. The oral treatment group tended to be older with a higher number of female patients and a lower level of education. The FGA treatment group tended to have a higher frequency and duration of hospitalization before receiving home care services. We found no significant differences in the follow-up time or psychiatric rehospitalization rate after receiving home care services among the three treatment groups. We propose that oral and LAI antipsychotics were equally effective when patients received home care services. Our results can serve as a reference for the choice of treatment for patients with schizophrenia in a home care program.

Effects of Buserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first service in outdoor sows and gilts

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
A.R. Peters ◽  
L.A. Dwyer ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
P.A. Canham ◽  
J.D. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prolonged Weaning ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Buserelin Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Infertility ◽  
Farrowing Rate

The problem of seasonal infertility in pigs has been recognised for many years. The infertility complex can may be manifested by increased returns to service, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and decreased litter size. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Buserelin treatment on fertility in sows and gilts during the seasonally infertile period.A total of 1231 mixed parity sows and gilts from five outdoor herds in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Any sows not presented for service at first post weaning oestrus were excluded. All sows and gilts judged to be in adequate health and condition to be kept in a commercial breeding herd were included. Group C sows and gilts were given no treatment. Group R1 sows and gilts were injected i.m. with 8μg Buserelin (2.0ml Receptal; Hoechst Roussel Vet UK Ltd) on the day of service.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Supplementation to Whole Milk Has Beneficial Effects on Post-Weaning Holstein Calf Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

The positive effects of nucleotide (NU) supplementation in milk replacer have been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Dry matter intakes (DMI) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05) during the pre-weaning period; however, increasing NU resulted in a linear (p < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period (2158, 2432, and 2518 g/d for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study, but final BW linearly increased as NU was added (87.1, 90.6, and 95.4 kg for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain was affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

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