scholarly journals Expression of the Tas1r3 and Pept1 genes in the digestive tract of wagyu cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 980-985
Author(s):  
Weihong Fan ◽  
Shoichiro Saito ◽  
Shuichi Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Predominant Expression ◽  
Pept1 Mrna

Abstract Animals have precise recognition systems for amino acids and peptides that regulate their feeding behavior as well as metabolic responses. Because of their particular gastrointestinal structure, ruminants are expected to have unique mechanisms of amino acid regulation in the digestive tract. To better understand these mechanisms in the ruminant digestive tract, the expression of Tas1r3 and Pept1 was studied along the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese Black cattle through quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Tas1r3 mRNA was detected ubiquitously along the gastrointestinal tract, and the most predominant expression was observed in the reticulum. In addition, the presence of Tas1r3 receptor was confirmed in the rumen through immunohistochemistry. The expression level of Pept1 mRNA was higher in the forestomach (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) and small intestine (duodenum) than that in the tongue, and predominant expression was observed in the rumen. By contrast, a negligible amount of Pept1 mRNA was detected in the abomasum and large intestine. Further studies on the roles of Tas1r3 and Pept1 in the digestive tract, in particular, in the four components of the stomach, will help us to understand the mechanisms of amino acids regulation in ruminants and provide the basis for formulating cattle diets to improve the health and productivity of cattle.

GASTROINTESTINAL HYPOMOTILITY IN MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENT SHEEP

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BUENO ◽  
J. FIORAMONTI ◽  
E. GEUX ◽  
Y. RAISSIGUIER
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Spiking Activity

The electrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder was recorded in four sheep fed a Mg-deficient diet during 10 to 15 days. The mitigating effect of intravenous infusions of MgCl2 was tested at the end of the experimental period in animals presenting hypomagnesemia. Motility of the reticulo-rumen remained unchanged in Mg-deficient sheep except that there was no postprandial increased frequency of contractions. By contrast, the contractions of gallbladder, cecum and proximal colon were reduced in both amplitude and frequency. The amplitude but not the frequency of the antro-duodenal slow-waves was reduced. The amplitude of the regular spiking activity of the small intestine was reduced as well as the number of complexes produced per day. The activity of the spiral colon was correlated to the blood magnesium concentrations but Mg infusion was unable to restore immediately the motor profile of the rest of the gut to its intitial level. This was done within 2–3 days by changes in the diet in three of the four animals. It is concluded that the motility of the whole digestive tract, including the reticulo-rumen, is modified on a Mg-deficient diet and that hypomagnesemia, involved in the atony of the spiral colon, is only one of the factors responsible for the hypomotility.

Interaction between sites of magnesium absorption in the digestive tract of the sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Tomas ◽  
BJ Potter
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

The effect of magnesium chloride infusion to different sites in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep upon the net absorption of magnesium from different regions of the digestive tract has been examined. Four Merino wethers were each prepared with cannulas sited in the rumen, in the duodenum adjacent to the pylorus and in the terminal ileum. The basal diet provided 18.45 mmoles magnesium/ day and an additional 65 mmoles magnesium/day as magnesium chloride was continuously infused into (A) the rumen, (B) the rumen and duodenum in equal portions, (C) the duodenum and (D) the terminal ileuni. A continuous infusion of Cr-EDTA to the ruinen enabled digcsta and magnesium flow rates to be estimated from digesta samples obtained from the intestinal cannulas at 4 hr intervals over 3 days. For treatments A, B, C and D respectively, the mean net absorption of magnesium (mmoles/day) from the rumen was 20.4, 11.4, 1.4 and 3.4; from the small intestine –0.5, 1.7, –5.1 and –9.8; from the large intestine 4.6, 2.2, 12.7 and 12.3; and from the total gastrointestinal tract 24.6, 15.4, 9.1 and 4.9. In each case the effect of treatment was significant. The total net absorption of magnesium caudal to the pylorus was unaffected by treatment. Plasma magnesium levels were reduced during post-ruminal infusion of magnesium, but these changes were not obviously linked to the changed net absorption from the intestinal segments. The urinary and faecal excretion of magnesium, but not the magnesium balance, was strongly related to the total net absorption of magnesium. The results emphasize the major contribution of the stomach to the gastrointestinal net absorption of magnesium and show that although the amount absorbed from this region may influence separately the net absorption from the large and small intestine, it does not appear to influence the overall intestinal net absorption of magnesium.

scholarly journals Localization of amidating enzymes (PAM) in rat gastrointestinal tract.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Martínez ◽  
M A Burrell ◽  
M Kuijk ◽  
L M Montuenga ◽  
A Treston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Amidating Enzymes

We studied the distribution of the two enzymes involved in post-translational C-terminal alpha-amidation of regulatory peptides in rat digestive tract, using immunocytochemical methods and in situ hybridization techniques. The enzymes were located in most of the fibers and neurons of the myenteric and submucous plexus throughout the entire digestive tract and in endocrine cells of the stomach and colon. Staining of reverse-face serial sections demonstrated that the enzymes in endocrine cells of the stomach co-localized with gastrin in the bottom of the gastric glands. Some gastrin-immunoreactive cells near the neck of the gland were negative for PAM, suggesting that amidation takes place only in the more mature cells. In the colon all cells immunoreactive for glucagon and GLP1 were also positive for peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) but not for peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). The absence of immunoreactivity for the amidating enzymes in endocrine cells of the small intestine, known to produce C-terminally amidated peptides, suggests the existence of other amidating enzymes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Amino Acids on Iron Absorption

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD KROE ◽  
THOMAS D. KINNEY ◽  
NATHAN KAUFMAN ◽  
J. V. KLAVINS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract A series of experiments were devised to determine the effect of various amino acids upon the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. This was done by introducing single amino acids and Fe59 into isolated loops of small intestine and measuring the serum for radioactivity and the uptake of Fe59 by the liver. It was found that under the conditions of the experiments all of the amino acids studied effected an increase in the serum iron and iron deposition in the liver.

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

The anti-nutritional effect of phytates - the extraphosphorus effect of phytase (review)

2022 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
S. Zinoviev ◽  
V. Kryukov ◽  
H. Mutieva ◽  
I. Glebova ◽  
N. Yarovan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Nutritional Effect ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Positively Charged

An analytical review was conducted on the availability of phosphorus from phytates, which increase the inclusion of phytase in the feed, while not only phytic acid is broken down, but also as a result of a decrease in concentration reduces its anti-nutritional effect.Phosphorus from plant feeds is not fully available to animals, as it is part of phytates, the cleavage of which in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) of animals is limited. Phytates, getting into the acidic environment of the stomach, ionize and react with positively charged minerals, proteins, amino acids, creating compounds inaccessible for further digestion. The inclusion of phytase in compound feed is accompanied by an extra phosphoric effect, which is expressed in an increase in the availability of amino acids and energy. The decision on the feasibility of including phytase in feed is made on the basis of production tests of the proposed drugs.The studies carried out by the authors of invitro confirm the assumption that phytates enter into chemical interactions with peptides, as well as amino acids formed in the processes of protein digestion, turning them into compounds inaccessible to absorption. The proposed explanation does not affect the results of the balance experiment, but allows us to develop the study of the mechanism in terms of the interaction of digested amino acids with phytates. Based on this, another conclusion can be seen: the destruction of phytates should occur in the body before the digestion and dissolution of protein. In birds, this place is the goiter and stomachs, in pigs - the stomach. The hydrolysis of newly formed phytates (FC-amino acid) requires phytases that are active in the environment of the small intestine at pH 6 -7. As a result, the bound amino acids will be re-released and available for absorption. The development of new phytase preparations, taking into account the proposed explanation, will make it possible to create more effective feed preparations.

scholarly journals A review of the physiology of the canine digestive tract related to the development ofin vitrosystems

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Smeets-Peeters ◽  
Tim Watson ◽  
Mans Minekus ◽  
Robert Havenaar
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Different Types

AbstractFood and nutrition studies in animals and human beings often meet with technical difficulties and sometimes with ethical questions. An alternative to research in living animals is the dynamic multicompartmentalin vitromodel for the gastrointestinal tract described by Minekuset al.(1995) and Havenaar & Minekus (1996). The dynamic conditions that are simulated in this model are peristaltic movements, transit times, pH responses, secretion of enzymes and electrolytes and absorption of nutrients and water. To obtain data for anin vitromodel of the dog gastrointestinal tract, the literature was surveyed for physiological responses to different types of dog food. These included: values of enzyme activities, electrolyte concentrations, gastric emptying and intestinal transit times, pH values, secretion and composition of bile and absorption rates in different parts of the dog gastrointestinal tract. The review focuses on research carried out on healthy, adult dogs of 10–20 kg and on parameters related to the oral cavity, stomach and small intestine. This literature research gives sufficient data on the physiology of the canine digestive tract for the development of anin vitrodynamic model that adequately simulates the functions of the stomach and small intestine of the dog.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE MOTOR-EVACUATOR FUNCTION OF THE DIGITAL CHANNEL IN PATIENTS AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTION OF SMALL INTESTINE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ITS COURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzubanovsky ◽  
V. V. Benedykt ◽  
A. M. Prodan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Obstruction ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Medium Mass ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Summary. Disruption of the motor-evacuation function of the digestive canal is an integral cause of the adverse course of acute obstruction of the small intestine and as a consequence of high lethality in this pathology. Purpose of the study. To study the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine and its effect on the course of the disease in the postoperative period to create effective, sound methods of treatment of these patients. Materials and methods. Complexly after surgery, 221 patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine were examined. Used clinical and instrumental methods for the study of motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract (electrogastrography, electroenterography, phonoenterography), determined the degree of intoxication syndrome (leukocyte index of intoxication, molecules of medium mass), nonspecific resistance to organism operating-anesthetic index on ASA scale. Results and its discussion. Functional state of the patient with acute obstruction of the small intestine, its comorbidity affects the degree of operativeanesthesiological risk and the state of the motor-evacuation function of the digestive canal. It was found that inhibition of the motor function of the digestive tract in the first three days after surgery led to an increase in the level of intoxication, requiring its mandatory correction. Conclusions. A promising direction in the treatment of patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine is to develop measures that contribute to the preservation, protection and restoration of motility of the digestive tract at all stages of treatment.

scholarly journals Oxidation of essential amino acids by the ovine gastrointestinal tract

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Lobley ◽  
Xiangzhen Shen ◽  
Guowei Le ◽  
David M. Bremner ◽  
Eric Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ruminant Animal

It is not known if the ruminant animal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can oxidise essential amino acids (AA) other than leucine. Therefore, the oxidation of four essential AA (leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine), supplied systemically as labelled 1-13C forms, was monitored across the mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV; small intestine) and portal-drained viscera (PDV; total GIT), as part of a 4×4 Latin square design, in four wether sheep (35–45 kg) fed at 1·4 × maintenance. Oxidation was assessed primarily by appearance of13CO2,corrected for sequestration of [13C]bicarbonate. The GIT contributed 25 % (P<0·001) and 10 % (P<0·05) towards whole-body AA oxidation for leucine and methionine respectively. This reduced net appearance across the PDV by 23 and 11 % respectively. The contribution of MDV metabolism to total PDV oxidation was 40 % for leucine and 60 % for methionine. There was no catabolism of systemic lysine or phenylalanine across the GIT. Production and exchange of secondary metabolites (e.g. 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate, homocysteine, 2-aminoadipate) across the GIT was also limited. Less AA appeared across the PDV than MDV (P<0·001), indicative of use by tissues such as the forestomach, large intestine, spleen and pancreas. The PDV: MDV net appearance ratios varied (P<0·001) between AA, e.g. phenylalanine (0·81), lysine (0·71), methionine (0·67), leucine (0·56), histidine (0·71), threonine (0·63) and tryptophan (0·48). These differences probably reflect incomplete re-absorption of endogenous secretions and, together with the varied oxidative losses measured, will alter the pattern of AA net supply to the rest of the animal.

FATE OF 75Se-SELENOMETHIONINE IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
K. J. JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Soluble Part

A total of 30 wethers was used to study the movement of 75Se-selenomethionine in tissues and contents of various sections of the digestive tract after a single oral or intravenous dose of the selenocompound. After intravenous administration, 75Se-selenomethionine was detected in the upper part of the small intestine lumen after 3–5 h and to a lesser extent in the abomasum contents at 24 h. The highest specific activity (cpm/g of fresh tissue) in gastrointestinal tract tissue was found in the upper jejunum at 3 h postdosing. When the labeled selenocompound was given orally, the midjejunum tissue had the highest 75Se specific activity at 24 h. Supernatant and sediment fractions of gastrointestinal tract contents resulting from centrifugation at 30,000 × g were treated with 20% trichloroacetic acid. For both modes of administration, the trichloroacetic acid-soluble portion of the various gastrointestinal tract contents had higher 75Se activity in the supernatant than in the sediment. Up to 24 h, the acid-soluble part of the two centrifugal fractions was much higher for the upper part of the small intestine than for the fore-stomach contents.

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