Agricultural biotechnology research and development investment in some Latin American countries

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R Jaffé
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Perception : A Determinant of Scientists’ Participation in Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ayo Adisa ◽  
Adegbenga E Adekoya ◽  
Udom E Inyeneh ◽  
Isaac Auta Toro ◽  
Edore Thomas Akpokodje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Biotechnology Research

Biotechnology and the Utilitarian Argument for Patents

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Svatos
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
R And D ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Support Research

Biotechnology surpasses even computer technology in predictions of its potential for revolutionary effects on humankind. It includes agribusiness (genetically engineered plants, animals, hormones, etc.) and phar-maceuticals (diagnostics, genetic therapies, etc.). The U.S. government began investing heavily in biotechnology research in the 1980s, and by 1987 had spent approximately $2.7 billion to support research and development (R and D), including $150 million for agricultural biotechnology. The approximately sixty U.S. biotechnology companies invested $3.2 billion in R and D in 1991 alone, with a total of more than $10 billion spent since the industry began in the late 1970s.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic indicators and economic investments influence oral cancer mortality in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldelany Ramalho Freire ◽  
Deborah Ellen Wanderley Gomes Freire ◽  
Elza Cristina Farias de Araújo ◽  
Fernanda Campos de Almeida Carrer ◽  
Gilberto Alfredo PuccaJúnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background It is necessary to recognize the influence of socioeconomic factors on oral cancer indicators in Latin American countries. This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic indicators and economical investments on oral cancer mortality rates in Latin American countries. Methods This cross-sectional study considered the age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) of oral cancer within the period 2000–2015. The oral cancer mortality rate (for both sexes and age groups 40–59 and 60 years old or more), socioeconomic aspects (Gini Inequality Index, unemployment rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita) and investments in different sectors (%GDP invested in health per capita and by the government, %GDP invested in education by the government and %GDP invested in research and development) were considered. Tweedie multivariate regression was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the mortality rate of oral cancer, considering p < 0.05. Results This study showed that being male and aged 60 or over (PR = 14.7) was associated with higher mortality rate for oral cancer. In addition, greater inequality (PR = 1.05), higher health expenditure per capita (PR =1.09) and greater investment in research and development (PR = 1.81) were associated with a higher mortality rate from oral cancer. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors and economical investments influence the mortality rate of oral cancer in Latin American countries. This emphasizes oral cancer is a socioeconomic-mediated disease.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

Test movement in Ibero-Latin American countries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Muglia Wechsler ◽  
Maria Perez Solis ◽  
Conceicao Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Magno ◽  
Norma Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

The Spanish Translation of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire: On the Legal Status of Translation and its Various Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Tania P. Hernández-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Legal Battle

Throughout the nineteenth century, European booksellers and publishers, mostly from France, England, Germany and Spain, produced textual materials in Europe and introduced them into Mexico and other Latin American countries. These transatlantic interchanges unfolded against the backdrop of the emergence of the international legal system to protect translation rights and required the involvement of a complex network of agents who carried with them publishing, translating and negotiating practices, in addition to books, pamphlets, prints and other goods. Tracing the trajectories of translated books and the socio-cultural, economic and legal forces shaping them, this article examines the legal battle over the translation and publishing rights of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire, a chemistry book authored by Jean Girardin and translated and published in Spanish by Jean-Frédéric Rosa. Drawing on a socio-historical approach to translation, I argue that the arguments presented by both parties are indicative of the uncertainty surrounding the legal status of translated texts and of the different values then attributed to translation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document