scholarly journals Behavioral pattern separation and its link to the neural mechanisms of fear generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Lange ◽  
Liesbet Goossens ◽  
Stijn Michielse ◽  
Jindra Bakker ◽  
Shmuel Lissek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Fear Generalization

A Reduction in Behavioral Pattern Separation Is Attenuated by Dietary Supplementation with a Magnesium-Rich Marine Mineral Blend in Middle-Aged Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Crowley ◽  
Stefanie Grabrucker ◽  
Caitriona M. Long-Smith ◽  
Alice Stack ◽  
Denise M. O'Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals A neural signature of pattern separation in the monkey hippocampus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sakon ◽  
Wendy A. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Neural Signature

AbstractThe CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus are considered key for disambiguating sensory inputs from similar experiences in memory, a process termed pattern separation. The neural mechanisms underlying pattern separation, however, have been difficult to compare across species: rodents offer robust recording methods with less human-centric tasks while humans provide complex behavior with less recording potential. To overcome these limitations, we trained monkeys to perform a visual pattern separation task similar to those used in humans while recording activity from single CA3/DG neurons. We find that when animals discriminate recently seen novel images from similar (lure) images, behavior indicative of pattern separation, CA3/DG neurons respond to lure images more like novel than repeat images. Using a population of these neurons, we are able to classify novel, lure, and repeat images from each other using this pattern of firing rates. Notably, one subpopulation of these neurons is more responsible for distinguishing lures and repeats—the key discrimination indicative of pattern separation.

Genetic Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Affects the Neural Mechanisms of Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Subfields

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (21) ◽  
pp. 4201-4212.e3
Author(s):  
Hweeling Lee ◽  
Rüdiger Stirnberg ◽  
Sichu Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Tony Stöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

Fear Generalization and Anxiety: Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Dunsmoor ◽  
Rony Paz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis: a functional model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Gozel ◽  
Wulfram Gerstner
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Newborn Cell ◽  
Newborn Neurons

SummaryIn adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis, the link between maturation of newborn neurons and their function, such as behavioral pattern separation, has remained puzzling. By analyzing a theoretical model, we show that the switch from excitation to inhibition of the GABAergic input onto maturing newborn cells is crucial for their proper functional integration. When the GABAergic input is excitatory, cooperativity drives the growth of synapses such that newborn cells become sensitive to stimuli similar to those that activate mature cells. When GABAergic input switches to inhibitory, competition pushes the configuration of synapses onto newborn cells towards stimuli that are different from previously stored ones. This enables the maturing newborn cells to code for concepts that are novel, yet similar to familiar ones. Our theory of newborn cell maturation explains both how adult-born dentate granule cells integrate into the preexisting network and why they promote separation of similar but not distinct patterns.

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Lure Discrimination Difficulties on the Mnemonic Similarity Task Are Significantly Correlated With Their Visual Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S R Davidson ◽  
Petar Vidjen ◽  
Sara Trincao-Batra ◽  
Charles A Collin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Pattern separation in memory encoding entails creating and storing distinct, detailed representations to facilitate storage and retrieval. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST; Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. [2013]. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation [BPS] in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442–2449) has been used to argue that normal aging leads to pattern separation decline. We sought to replicate previous reports of age-related difficulty on this behavioral pattern separation estimate and to examine its neuropsychological correlates, specifically long-term memory function, executive function, and visual perception. Methods We administered an object version of the MST to 31 young adults and 38 older adults. It involved a single-probe recognition memory test in which some of the originally studied objects had been replaced with perceptually similar lures, and participants had to identify each as old, a lure, or new. Results Despite their corrected item recognition scores being superior to those of the young adults, the older adults had significantly greater difficulty than the young in discriminating the similar-looking lures from the original items. Interestingly, this lure discrimination difficulty was significantly correlated with visual perception rather than with long-term memory or executive function. Discussion These results suggest that although adult age differences on the MST are reliable, care should be taken to separate perceptual from memory discrimination difficulties as the reason.

scholarly journals A functional model of adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Gozel ◽  
Wulfram Gerstner
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Newborn Cell ◽  
Newborn Neurons

In adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis, the link between maturation of newborn neurons and their function, such as behavioral pattern separation, has remained puzzling. By analyzing a theoretical model, we show that the switch from excitation to inhibition of the GABAergic input onto maturing newborn cells is crucial for their proper functional integration. When the GABAergic input is excitatory, cooperativity drives the growth of synapses such that newborn cells become sensitive to stimuli similar to those that activate mature cells. When GABAergic input switches to inhibitory, competition pushes the configuration of synapses onto newborn cells towards stimuli that are different from previously stored ones. This enables the maturing newborn cells to code for concepts that are novel, yet similar to familiar ones. Our theory of newborn cell maturation explains both how adult-born dentate granule cells integrate into the preexisting network and why they promote separation of similar but not distinct patterns.

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