scholarly journals The posterior crus II cerebellum is specialized for social mentalizing and emotional self-experiences: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Van Overwalle ◽  
Qianying Ma ◽  
Elien Heleven

Abstract This meta-analysis explores the role of the posterior cerebellum Crus I/II in social mentalizing. We identified over 200 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies via NeuroSynth that met our inclusion criteria and fell within bilateral Crus II areas related to ‘sequencing’ during mentalizing (coordinates ±24 −76 −40; from earlier studies) and mere social ‘mentalizing’ or self-related emotional cognition (coordinates ±26 −84 −34; from NeuroSynth), located in the cerebellar mentalizing network. A large majority of these studies (74%) involved mentalizing or self-related emotional cognition. Other functions formed small minorities. This high incidence in Crus II compares very favorably against the lower base rate for mentalizing and self-related emotions (around 35%) across the whole brain as revealed in NeuroSynth. In contrast, there was much less support for a similar role of Crus I (coordinates −40 −70 −40 from earlier ‘sequencing’ studies) as only 35% of the studies were related to mentalizing or self-related emotions. The present findings show that a domain-specific social mentalizing functionality is supported in the cerebellar Crus II. This has important implications for theories of the social cerebellum focusing on sequencing of social actions, and for cerebellar neurostimulation treatments.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Alijani ◽  
Hamed Barjesteh

Identity is a comprehensive and complicated concept in the process of language teaching and learning. The present study attempted to examine the effect of teachers’ talk and identity in the classroom context on EFL learners’ achievements. The Conversation Analysis (CA) approach was applied to gather and analyze naturally-occurring spoken interaction. The teachers’ interactions with their learners were audio-recorded and analyzed in terms of the IRF cycle (Initiation-Response-Feedback), turn-taking and renovate. The findings indicated that the plenty of interaction was assembled and retained through dissymmetrical and privileged relations. The teacher identified, and regulated most of the social actions that happened in the classroom context, most of which were also completely designed on a goal-oriented basis .It was concluded that it is time to re-assert the role of teacher as a dominant individual who controls learning inside and outside the classroom; educators and teachers should develop an instructional design that focuses on incorporating active learning and student-centered pedagogy into the traditional lecture-based courses.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohinoor M. Darda ◽  
Richard Ramsey

AbstractHumans copy other people without their conscious awareness, a behaviour known as automatic imitation. Although automatic imitation forms a key part of daily social interactions, we do not copy other people indiscriminately. Instead, we control imitative tendencies by prioritising some actions and inhibiting others. To date, neuroimaging studies investigating the control of automatic imitation have produced inconsistent findings. Some studies suggest that imitation control relies on a domain-specific neural circuit related to social cognition (the theory-of-mind network). In contrast, other studies show engagement of a domain-general neural circuit that is engaged during a diverse range of cognitive control tasks (the multiple demand network). Given the inconsistency of prior findings, in the current paper we avoided problems associated with interpreting individual studies by performing a meta-analysis. To do so, we used a multi-level kernel density analysis to quantitatively identify consistent patterns of activation across functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating the control of imitation. Our results show clear and consistent evidence across studies that the control of automatic imitation is guided by brain regions in the multiple demand network including dorsolateral frontoparietal cortex. In contrast, there was only limited evidence that regions in the theory of mind network were engaged. Indeed, medial prefrontal cortex showed no consistent engagement and right temporoparietal junction engagement may reflect spatial rather than imitative control. As such, the current meta-analysis reinforces the role of domain-general control mechanisms and provides limited evidence in support of the role of domain-specific processes in regulating imitative tendencies. Consequently, neurocognitive models of imitation need updating to place more emphasis on domain-general control mechanisms, as well as to consider more complex organisational structures of control, which may involve contributions from multiple cognitive systems.


1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry E. Duncan ◽  
Susan C. Duncan ◽  
Edward McAuley

The present study investigated the role of domain-specific combinations of social support provisions in adherence to a prescribed exercise regimen. Research participants were middle-aged, sedentary, males and females (N = 85). Separate discriminant function analyses for males and females revealed that among females, the social provisions of guidance and reassurance of worth significantly discriminated adherers and nonadherers. The two provisions of social integration and guidance significantly discriminated adherers and nonadherers among males. Results are discussed with reference to the importance of social provisions in exercise settings, male and female differences, and the implications of social support interventions for enhancing exercise compliance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Kanisius Laga Doni ◽  
Husain Hamka ◽  
Andi Burchanuddin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis Kohesi Sosial Masyarakat Kaimana Di Tengah Konflik Papua. Kegunaan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana  tindakan sosial masyarakat di kabupaten Kaimana di tengah konflik Papua. Objek penelitian ini adalah stakeholder dan masyarakat kabupaten Kaimana dengan memilih 5 informan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, dan menggunakan purposive sampling teknik pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kesempatan kerja dalam pemerintahan serta kesempatan memperoleh pendidikan masyarakat asli papua dan non papua mempunyai kesempatan yang sama dan selalu menjaga hubungan keharmonisan yang sudah di tanamkan sejak dahulu sehingga isu konflik papua tidak menjadi domain untuk memecah belah persaudaraan yang ada di kabupaten Kaimana. Bentuk kohesi social yang di lakukan adalah dengan cara sikap saling menghargai dan saling menghormati. Masyarakat Kaimana dalam merespon isu rasisme dengan solidaritas yang sangat kuat sehingga  menggelar demonstrasi dengan aksi damai serta lebih bijak dan  mengedepankan rasa persaudaraan, peran stakeholder  sangat di butuhkan  terkait perkembangan masyarakat melalui kebijakan atau sosialisai serta himbauan terhadap masyarakat.Dalam hal ini masyarakat dan stakeholder   tak dapat di pisahkan melainkan  kerja sama sehingga terwujudanya masyarakat kaimana yang sejahtera dan menjauhkan masyarakat dari konflik yang memecah bela masyarakat. This study aims to examine and analyze the social cohesion of the Kaimana people in the midst of the Papua conflict. The purpose of this research is to describe the social actions of the people in Kaimana district in the middle of the Papua conflict. The object of this research is the stakeholders and the community of Kaimana district by selecting 5 informants. By using qualitative methods, and using purposive sampling technique of sampling data sources with certain considerations. The results showed that job opportunities in government as well as opportunities to get education from indigenous Papuans and non-Papuans had the same opportunity and always maintained a harmonious relationship that had been cultivated long ago so that the issue of Papuan conflict did not become a domain to divide the brotherhood in Kaimana district. The form of social cohesion that is done is by means of mutual respect and mutual respect. The Kaimana community in responding to the issue of racism with very strong solidarity so that they held demonstrations with peaceful and wiser actions and prioritizing a sense of brotherhood, the role of stakeholders is very much needed related to community development through policies or socialization and appeals to the community. In this case the community and stakeholders cannot separated, but cooperation so as to create a prosperous community and keep people away from conflicts that divide the defense of the community.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Urbanska ◽  
Samuel Pehrson ◽  
Rhiannon N. Turner

Authorities such as the police and the government play a vital function in maintaining order in the social systems in which groups exist. Relational models of procedural justice (PJ) state that fair treatment from authority affirms the social standing of those identifying with the authority, communicating inclusion and respect. Previous research suggests that social identity may also inform expectations of authority fairness. Focusing on an intergroup context of authority decision-making, the present research tests a novel hypothesis regarding whether intergroup social status may also inform expectations of authority fairness in terms of fair treatment and favourable outcomes. Operationalising PJ as the extent to which people are provided voice by authorities, three experimental studies showed no effect of intergroup status on expected PJ from authority. A sample weighed internal meta-analysis (N = 704) also provided no support for the hypothesis that relative outgroup status shapes expectations of voice from authority (d = -.02). Intergroup status did, however, influence the extent to which people expected authorities to distribute resources favourably towards the outgroups. Lower status outgroups were expected to receive less favourable outcomes from authorities than equal status outgroups (d = -.23). Thus, outgroup status affects people’s judgements of the resources that outgroups deserve from authority. The present research is among the first to consider how intergroup relations may drive expectations of how authorities will act towards other social groups. Implications for wielding authority and the role of perceived intergroup threat in intergroup settings are discussed.


2017 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
José Rubén Castillo García

ResumenEn este documento se desarrollan dos aspectos diferentes y complementarios: primero, las concepciones en que se apoyan diversos pensadores para referirse a las prácticas sociales, y el segundo, muestra la aplicabilidad que tienen estos conceptos en la vida cotidiana de colectivos de jóvenes estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Manizales -Colombia-, lo cual evidencia mediante un estudio particular la aplicabilidad de nuestra propuesta teórica.En principio se presenta un análisis teórico que permite deducir de las relaciones sociales y humanas, la vida cotidiana y a partir de éstas los sentidos con base en los cuales se deducen las connotaciones que les damos a las prácticas sociales. Estas últimas se evidencian desde cuatro aspectos, como estructuración de las acciones sociales, las formas de acción social, la discursividad que le sirve de modelo de regulación y las categorías que permiten leerlas a partir de los conceptos que emiten los sujetos de dichas prácticas.Luego, se muestra la configuración de las prácticas sociales de los jóvenes universitarios, en la perspectiva de los asuntos de la ciudadanía, teniendo como base una disertación sobre el papel de los conceptos en calidad de cimientos del pensamiento y de la comunicación y del comportamiento humanos, los cuales parten del sentido común de los sujetos y permiten trascenderlos hacia los sentidos y significados que están en la base del mundo de la vida.Al final del texto, se presentan algunas conclusiones que dan cuenta de las prácticas sociales de los jóvenes, inferidas a partir de sus narraciones, conceptos, hábitos y costumbres, tendientes a construir su condición de ciudadanos, en otras palabras, permiten ver las diversas maneras de ejercer dicha condición con sus diferentes matices.Palabras clave: Relaciones sociales, Vida cotidiana, Mundo de la vida, Formas de acción social, Discursividad, Prácticas sociales, Ciudadanía, Jóvenes universitarios.AbstractThis paper discusses two different and complementary aspects: first, the concepts underpinning various thinkers to refer to social practices, and the second shows the implementations of these concepts in everyday life of groups of young college students Manizales-Colombia-, which is evidenced by a study including the applicability of our theoretical proposal.In principle presents a theoretical analysis to deduce the social and human relations, daily life and from these based on the senses which is deducted from the connotations we give to social practices. The latter was evident from four aspects such as structuring of social actions, forms of social action, which serves discursivity regulation model and the categories that can read from the concepts that emit the subject of such practices.Then he shows the configuration of social practices of university students, in the perspective of the issues of citizenship, based dissertation on the role of concepts as foundations of thought and communication and human behavior, which leave common sense and allow individuals to transcend the senses and meanings that are the basis for the lifeworld.At the end of the text, some conclusions that account for the social practices of young people, inferred from their narratives, concepts, habits and customs, tending to build their capacity as citizens, in other words, they allow to see the various ways to exercise this condition with its different nuances.Key words: Social relations, Daily Life, World of life, Forms of social action, Discourse, Social practices, Citizenship, Young students.


2017 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
José Rubén Castillo García

ResumenEn este documento se desarrollan dos aspectos diferentes y complementarios: primero, las concepciones en que se apoyan diversos pensadores para referirse a las prácticas sociales, y el segundo, muestra la aplicabilidad que tienen estos conceptos en la vida cotidiana de colectivos de jóvenes estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Manizales -Colombia-, lo cual evidencia mediante un estudio particular la aplicabilidad de nuestra propuesta teórica.En principio se presenta un análisis teórico que permite deducir de las relaciones sociales y humanas, la vida cotidiana y a partir de éstas los sentidos con base en los cuales se deducen las connotaciones que les damos a las prácticas sociales. Estas últimas se evidencian desde cuatro aspectos, como estructuración de las acciones sociales, las formas de acción social, la discursividad que le sirve de modelo de regulación y las categorías que permiten leerlas a partir de los conceptos que emiten los sujetos de dichas prácticas.Luego, se muestra la configuración de las prácticas sociales de los jóvenes universitarios, en la perspectiva de los asuntos de la ciudadanía, teniendo como base una disertación sobre el papel de los conceptos en calidad de cimientos del pensamiento y de la comunicación y del comportamiento humanos, los cuales parten del sentido común de los sujetos y permiten trascenderlos hacia los sentidos y significados que están en la base del mundo de la vida.Al final del texto, se presentan algunas conclusiones que dan cuenta de las prácticas sociales de los jóvenes, inferidas a partir de sus narraciones, conceptos, hábitos y costumbres, tendientes a construir su condición de ciudadanos, en otras palabras, permiten ver las diversas maneras de ejercer dicha condición con sus diferentes matices.Palabras clave: Relaciones sociales, Vida cotidiana, Mundo de la vida, Formas de acción social, Discursividad, Prácticas sociales, Ciudadanía, Jóvenes universitarios.AbstractThis paper discusses two different and complementary aspects: first, the concepts underpinning various thinkers to refer to social practices, and the second shows the implementations of these concepts in everyday life of groups of young college students Manizales-Colombia-, which is evidenced by a study including the applicability of our theoretical proposal.In principle presents a theoretical analysis to deduce the social and human relations, daily life and from these based on the senses which is deducted from the connotations we give to social practices. The latter was evident from four aspects such as structuring of social actions, forms of social action, which serves discursivity regulation model and the categories that can read from the concepts that emit the subject of such practices.Then he shows the configuration of social practices of university students, in the perspective of the issues of citizenship, based dissertation on the role of concepts as foundations of thought and communication and human behavior, which leave common sense and allow individuals to transcend the senses and meanings that are the basis for the lifeworld.At the end of the text, some conclusions that account for the social practices of young people, inferred from their narratives, concepts, habits and customs, tending to build their capacity as citizens, in other words, they allow to see the various ways to exercise this condition with its different nuances.Key words: Social relations, Daily Life, World of life, Forms of social action, Discourse, Social practices, Citizenship, Young students.


2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Yang ◽  
Xiaodong Ming ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Susan M. Adams

A meta-analysis of 143 studies was conducted to explore how the social desirability response bias may influence sex effects on ratings on measures of ethical decision-making. Women rated themselves as more ethical than did men; however, this sex effect on ethical decision-making was no longer significant when social desirability response bias was controlled. The indirect questioning approach was compared with the direct measurement approach for effectiveness in controlling social desirability response bias. The indirect questioning approach was found to be more effective.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document