scholarly journals Dose response of xylitol and sorbitol for EPR retrospective dosimetry with applications to chewing gum

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Israelsson ◽  
H. Gustafsson ◽  
E. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Retrospective Dosimetry

Cigarette and Nicotine Chewing Gum Toxicity in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Smolinske ◽  
D.G. Spoerke ◽  
S.K. Spiller ◽  
K.M. Wruk ◽  
K. Kulig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cigarette Butts

A prospective review of 51 cases of tobacco ingestion and 5 cases of nicotine resin chewing gum exposure was conducted to evaluate the incidence and degree of toxicity caused by these products in children. A dose-response relationship was observed for cigarette exposures. Nine of 10 children ingesting more than one cigarette or three cigarette butts developed signs or symptoms, while 12 of 24 ingesting lesser amounts became symptomatic (P < 0.01). Severe symptoms (e.g. limb jerking and unresponsiveness) were only seen with the larger amounts. Nicotine resin gum produced toxicity in 4 of 5 children who chewed 1/2 to 4 pieces. Agitation, lethargy, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal pain, and vomiting were seen within 30 min of exposure to the gum.

scholarly journals 35 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident: methods of retrospective dosimetry in assessing of the consequences of large-scale uncontrolled radiation exposures, their subsequent development and application in oncoradiology (experience of A. Tsyb MRRC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
V.F. Stepanenko ◽  
◽  
A.D. Kaprin ◽  
S.A. Ivanov ◽  
P.V. Shegay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Retrospective Dosimetry

Individual retrospective dosimetry was developed at A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) after the Chernobyl accident for assessment and analysis of radiation effects on people lived in radioactively contaminated settlements in the Kaluga and Bryansk regions. The method was also used in radiation epidemiology case-control studies within frames of international pilot projects. The ob-tained data demonstrated reliable dose-response relationship for thyroid cancer in patients with diag-nosed thyroid cancer, who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident and resided in radi-oactively contaminated areas in the Bryansk region. The dose-response relationship for diagnosed inva-sive breast cancer was found in women, resided in radioactively contaminated settlements since the acci-dent till the first diagnosis of cancer that was established within the period from October 2008 to February 2013. Their age at diagnosis was under 55 years. At the same time, no dose-response relationship for leu-kaemia was found in children under 5 years old at the time of the accident. The individual retrospective dosimetry method has been updated and used in pilot studies for verifying conservative estimates of radi-ation doses to the population exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, as well as for verifying estimates of external radiation doses to people affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. The method was also used for estimating individual doses from residual radi-oactivity for the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. The long-term collaboration continues under bilateral International Collaboration Agreements between the National Medical Research Radiological Centre and leading research centres in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Japan. Since 2016 researchers and physicians of A. Tsyb MRRC have modi-fied method of stimulated luminescence of natural and synthetic materials and developed innovative technology in vivo dosimetry that has been put into clinical practice for estimating spatial radiation doses distribution in internal organs at risk during the brachytherapy of prostate cancer, gynecologic and recur-rent pelvic tumors, as well as for estimating local radiation dose to the skin of the breast gland with the tumor. The 35-year experience in the development and application of methods for individual retrospective dosimetry after the Chernobyl accident formed the basis for identifying future-pointing trends for the de-velopment of novel applications of stimulated luminescence techniques. Radiation-induced stimulated luminescence dosimetry can be applicable in uncontrolled radiation events; retrospective dosimetry method applicable for neutron beam radiation therapy is under development. The method of in vivo do-simetry is useful in radiation oncology. Now assembled thermoluminiscent micro-sized dosimeters are used for arterial radioembolization. At present, feasibility of using items of clothing and special inserts (buttons, fastenings, etc.), parts of wearable electronic devices as natural dosimeters, as well as the feasi-bility of using luminescent microdosimeters, made of different materials, after exposure to high LET radiation ranged from a fraction of mGy to the dose greater than 60 Gy have been examined. Development of flexible planar microdosimeter assemblies in order to obtain more detailed information about possible discrepancy in distribution of planned and actual radia-tion doses to patients during radiotherapy is considered.

scholarly journals Infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) properties of natural aluminum corrosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Şahiner ◽  
Niyazi Meriç
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Retrospective Dosimetry ◽  
Aluminum Corrosion

Abstract In this paper, the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) property of naturally corroded aluminum and its possible applications in retrospective dosimetry have been briefly studied. Results are interesting, in particular with regard to the efforts of finding new and widely available materials for accident dosimetry. For aluminum corrosion, the dose response was found to be approximately linear between 2–80 Gy and to reach saturation before 300 Gy. The signal also showed good repro-ducibility without significant fading over storage durations of up to four mounts at room temperature. In addition to the luminescence, the corrosion samples were also analysed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), but conclusive identification of the luminescent phase could not be made. It is concluded that the IRSL signals of this material can be favourable for dosimetry research.

scholarly journals Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Milgrom ◽  
K.A. Ly ◽  
M.C. Roberts ◽  
M. Rothen ◽  
G. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva

Xylitol is promoted in caries-preventive strategies, yet its effective dose range is unclear. This study determined the dose-response of mutans streptococci in plaque and unstimulated saliva to xylitol gum. Participants (n = 132) were randomized: controls (G1) (sorbitol/maltitol), or combinations giving xylitol 3.44 g/day (G2), 6.88 g/day (G3), or 10.32 g/day (G4). Groups chewed 3 pellets/4 times/d. Samples were taken at baseline, 5 wks, and 6 mos, and were cultured on modified Mitis Salivarius agar for mutans streptococci and on blood agar for total culturable flora. At 5 wks, mutans streptococci levels in plaque were 10x lower than baseline in G3 and G4 (P = 0.007/0.003). There were no differences in saliva. At 6 mos, mutans streptococci in plaque for G3 and G4 remained 10x lower than baseline (P = 0.007/0.04). Saliva for G3 and G4 was lower than baseline by 8 to 9x (P = 0.011/0.038). Xylitol at 6.44 g/day and 10.32 g/day reduces mutans streptococci in plaque at 5 wks, and in plaque and unstimulated saliva at 6 mos. A plateau effect is suggested between 6.44 g and 10.32 g xylitol/day.

Dissolution and subsequent re-crystallization as zeroing mechanism, thermal properties and component resolved dose response of salt (NaCl) for retrospective dosimetry

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Polymeris ◽  
George Kitis ◽  
Nafiye G. Kiyak ◽  
Ioanna Sfamba ◽  
Bhagawan Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Retrospective Dosimetry

scholarly journals Thermoluminescence Sensitization of Phyllite Natural Rock

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Entesar Almogait ◽  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
Nourah Alhammad ◽  
M. I. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Emit Radiation ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Retrospective Dosimetry ◽  
Regression Test

A sensitization procedure is used to enhance the thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity of phyllite to emit radiation. Phyllite is a type of foliated metamorphic rock made from slate. This study examines naturally grown phyllite rock, which had not been previously studied. Using a Thermo 3500 manual reader, the TL sensitivity of phyllite as a function of dosage was measured. The doses required to perform this study were administered using a 60Co source. The statistical regression test of the data had a significance level of p < 0.05. The study also included thermal and pre-dose effects. Using the sensitization procedure, the nonlinearity in TL dose–response was removed, and the sensitivity was increased 44 times that of its original value. The fading study showed a dependence on the test dose. According to the obtained results, the combination of linear dose–response and high sensitivity to gamma radiation makes phyllite an important rock for dating and retrospective dosimetry.

Dose-Response Relationships to Pancreozymin in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis

1963 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Hanscom ◽  
Armand Littman ◽  
Jack V. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Normal Subjects
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