scholarly journals Policy Inertia, Election Uncertainty, and Incumbency Disadvantage of Political Parties

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2600-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Chatterjee ◽  
Burcu Eyigungor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Incumbency Disadvantage

Abstract We document that postwar U.S. elections show a strong pattern of “incumbency disadvantage”: if a party has held the presidency of the country or the governorship of a state for some time, that party tends to lose popularity in the subsequent election. We show that this fact can be explained by a combination of policy inertia and unpredictability in election outcomes. A quantitative analysis shows that the observed magnitude of incumbency disadvantage can arise in several different models of policy inertia. Normative and positive implications of policy inertia leading to incumbency disadvantage are explored.

How opposition parties sustain single-party dominance

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ziegfeld ◽  
Maya Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Party Dominance ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Opposition Parties

When elections are free and fair, why do some political parties rule for prolonged periods of time? Most explanations for single-party dominance focus on the dominant party’s origins, resources, or strategies. In this article, we show how opposition parties can undermine or sustain single-party dominance. Specifically, opposition parties should be central in explaining single-party dominance in countries with highly disproportional electoral systems and a dominant party whose vote share falls short of a popular majority. Employing a quantitative analysis of Indian legislative elections as well as a paired case study, we show that opposition coordination plays a crucial part in undermining single-party dominance.

scholarly journals Badanie komunikacji partii politycznych na podstawie fotografii publikowanych w Internecie

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jastrzębski
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Empirical Study

Study of political parties’ communication based on photographs published onlineThis article contains a description of an empirical study the aim of which was to analyze the photographs published online by two Polish political parties: Razem and Wolność KORWiN. A corpus containing 253 images and photos published by the two parties in the forth quarter of 2016 was constructed and a quantitative analysis was performed afterwards. Documentary and portrait photos, which appeared most frequently in the corpora were carefully analyzed on the basis of such factors as: the frequency at which particular persons appeared in the photos, the clothes they were wearing, the type of events depicted in the pictures and the kinds of objects which were shown most often.

scholarly journals Live political events on Twitter: The case of the 2015 Election Night in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 123-145
Author(s):  
Silvia Blas ◽  
Elsa Moreno ◽  
Idoia Portilla
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Activity Representation ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Twitter Activity

In contemporary democratic society, Twitter can promote a genuine public debate where the discussion is not limited to established social actors. The goal is studying how media outlets, journalists, political parties, candidates, and citizens behave on Twitter while following the 2015 election night in Spain. A quantitative analysis has been used, specifically focused on the activity generated on Twitter during the period of vote counting (n=201,661 tweets). The data was captured with Tweet Binder, a web tool that allows the live monitoring of the flow of tweets related to an event using specific hashtags and keywords. The results reveal that media outlets are at the centre of Twitter activity (representation), but citizens gain high visibility by using humour in the conversation (participation). Founded on the distinctive characteristics of the Spanish context, this article contributes to the understanding of the role of Twitter during a live political event.

Enforcing Social Control in Rural Myanmar: Identifying the Implementer in the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Ricky Wai-Kay Yue
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
National Organisation

Abstract The Pa-O National Organisation (pno) was the only pro-regime ethnic political party that managed to retain all its seats in the 2015 Myanmar election. Amid accusations of rampant land grabbing and faced strong competitions from political parties at the national, regional and local levels, how did the pno manage to secure the seats? Through quantitative analysis, the paper noted a statistically significant volatility in the turnover of village tract leaders (vtl s) in the township where resistance was strongest. This in turn suggested that the pno relied on the vtl s to enforce social control. There is a clear gap in existing literature on how social control is constructed at the local level. Applying the state-in-society theoretical framework by Migdal, this paper aims to identify the ‘implementer’ in the crucial process of social control in the Pa-O saz, thereby helping to shed light on how local politics work.

scholarly journals Government Formation and Political Discussions in Twitter: An Extended Model for Quantifying Political Distances in Multiparty Democracies

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Guerrero-Solé ◽  
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Influential Users ◽  
Popular Party

The retweet overlap network (RON) method has proved to be successful in quantifying the distances between political parties in multiparty democracies. These distances are frequently used in political science to explain the formation of coalitions and governments. This article explores how data collected from Twitter can be related to ideological similarities between political parties, drawing on an extended development of the RON method that calculates the overlaps between the communities of retweeters of the most influential users in a political discussion. The method is applied to two conversations in Twitter during the last two General Elections in Spain in 2015 and 2016. Our results are consistent with the dynamics and the outcomes of the bargaining processes after both elections and support the Spanish President’s statement on the reasonableness of a government of the Popular Party, the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party, and the Citizens–Party of the Citizenry after the Spanish General Elections in 2016. This work links quantitative analysis of the overlaps of the parties’ communities of retweeters with the theories of coalition and government formation. It contributes to the exploration of Twitter metrics that can be used as new indicators of the support for coalitions in multiparty democracies.

Incumbency, Parties, and Legislatures: Theory and Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-331
Author(s):  
Alexander Lee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Incumbency Disadvantage

Incumbent legislators in some developing countries are often thought to face an electoral disadvantage relative to challengers. This article traces this effect to high levels of centralization within the political parties and governments of these countries. In political systems dominated by party leaders, legislators face substantial formal and informal constraints on their ability to influence policy, stake positions, and control patronage, which in turn reduce their ability to build up personal votes. This theory is tested on a dataset of Indian national elections since 1977, using a regression discontinuity design to measure the effects of incumbency. Candidates less affected by centralization-those from less-centralized political parties and from parties not affected by restrictions on free parliamentary voting - have a low or non-existent incumbency disadvantage.

scholarly journals Why Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Presidential Systems?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Kellam
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Electoral Coalitions ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Government Benefits

Why do political parties join coalitions to support other parties’ presidential candidates if presidents, once elected, are not bound to their pre-electoral pledges? This article argues that policy agreements made publicly between coalition partners during the campaign help parties pursue policy goals. However, parties cannot use pre-electoral coalitions to secure access to patronage, pork and government benefits under the control of presidents because they cannot hold presidents accountable to these agreements. Quantitative analysis of Latin American electoral coalitions demonstrates that political parties are more likely to form presidential electoral coalitions as the ideological distance between them decreases. Yet presidential electoral coalitions tend not to include non-programmatic political parties, even though such office-oriented parties are unconstrained by ideological considerations.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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