scholarly journals The Posterior Lumbar Epidural Space: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of High-Resolution MRI: Real and Potential Epidural Spaces and Their Content In Vivo

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
André P Boezaart ◽  
Alberto Prats-Galino ◽  
Olga C Nin ◽  
Anna Carrera ◽  
José Barberán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
High Definition ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Fibrous Body ◽  
Dural Sac

Abstract Objective Our aim was to study the posterior lumbar epidural space with 3D reconstructions of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and to compare and validate the findings with targeted anatomic microdissections. Design We performed 3D reconstructions of high-resolution MRIs from seven patients and normal-resolution MRIs commonly used in clinical practice from 196 other random patients. We then dissected and photographed the lumbar spine areas of four fresh cadavers. Results From the 3D reconstructions of the MRIs, we verified that the distribution of the posterior fat pad had an irregular shape that resembled a truncated pyramid. It spanned between the superior margin of the lamina of the caudad vertebra and beyond the inferior margin to almost halfway underneath the cephalad lamina of the cranial vertebra, and it was not longitudinally or circumferentially continuous. The 3D reconstructions of the high-definition MRI also consistently revealed a prelaminar fibrous body that was not seen in most of the usually used low-definition MRI reconstructions. Targeted microdissections confirmed the 3D reconstruction findings and also showed the prelaminar tissue body to be fibrous, crossing from side to side anterior to the cephalad half of each lamina, and spanning from the dural sac to the laminae. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstructions and targeted microdissection revealed the unique appearance of posterior fat pads and a prelaminar fibrous body. The exact consistency, presence, prevalence with age, presence in other regions, and function of this body are unknown and require further research.

Nonuniform strain of human soleus aponeurosis-tendon complex during submaximal voluntary contractions in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taija Finni ◽  
John A. Hodgson ◽  
Alex M. Lai ◽  
V. Reggie Edgerton ◽  
Shantanu Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Nonuniform Strain

The distribution of strain along the soleus aponeurosis tendon was examined during voluntary contractions in vivo. Eight subjects performed cyclic isometric contractions (20 and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction). Displacement and strain in the apparent Achilles tendon and in the aponeurosis were calculated from cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance images acquired with a field of view of 32 cm. The apparent Achilles tendon lengthened 2.8 and 4.7% in 20 and 40% maximal voluntary contraction, respectively. The midregion of the aponeurosis, below the gastrocnemius insertion, lengthened 1.2 and 2.2%, but the distal aponeurosis shortened 2.1 and 2.5%, respectively. There was considerable variation in the three-dimensional anatomy of the aponeurosis and muscle-tendon junction. We suggest that the nonuniformity in aponeurosis strain within an individual was due to the presence of active and passive motor units along the length of the muscle, causing variable force along the measurement site. Force transmission along intrasoleus connective tissue may also be a significant source of nonuniform strain in the aponeurosis.

High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging of Human Skin In Vivo by Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1833-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Kumagai ◽  
Hideyuki Koike ◽  
Ryo Nagaoka ◽  
Shingo Sakai ◽  
Kazuto Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrasound Microscopy

scholarly journals In vivo, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of port wine stain microvasculature in human skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangjun Liu ◽  
Wangcun Jia ◽  
J. Stuart Nelson ◽  
Zhongping Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Port Wine Stain ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging

scholarly journals High-resolution three-dimensional in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaque

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard T. Luk-Pat ◽  
Garry E. Gold ◽  
Eric W. Olcott ◽  
Bob S. Hu ◽  
Dwight G. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Cho Jun ◽  
Sun-Wha Song ◽  
Ju-Eun Cho ◽  
Chan-Soon Park ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon’s understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

In-vivo high resolution three-dimensional MRI studies of rat joints at 7 T

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Faure ◽  
B.-T. Doan ◽  
J.-C. Beloeil
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mri Studies

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Brain Mapping Using Stereo Microfocal X-ray Imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2966-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Cox ◽  
Alexander M. Papanastassiou ◽  
Daniel Oreper ◽  
Benjamin B. Andken ◽  
James J. DiCarlo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Microelectrode Recording ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Median Error

Much of our knowledge of brain function has been gleaned from studies using microelectrodes to characterize the response properties of individual neurons in vivo. However, because it is difficult to accurately determine the location of a microelectrode tip within the brain, it is impossible to systematically map the fine three-dimensional spatial organization of many brain areas, especially in deep structures. Here, we present a practical method based on digital stereo microfocal X-ray imaging that makes it possible to estimate the three-dimensional position of each and every microelectrode recording site in “real time” during experimental sessions. We determined the system's ex vivo localization accuracy to be better than 50 μm, and we show how we have used this method to coregister hundreds of deep-brain microelectrode recordings in monkeys to a common frame of reference with median error of <150 μm. We further show how we can coregister those sites with magnetic resonance images (MRIs), allowing for comparison with anatomy, and laying the groundwork for more detailed electrophysiology/functional MRI comparison. Minimally, this method allows one to marry the single-cell specificity of microelectrode recording with the spatial mapping abilities of imaging techniques; furthermore, it has the potential of yielding fundamentally new kinds of high-resolution maps of brain function.

scholarly journals In vivo three-dimensional evaluation of tumour hypoxia in nasopharyngeal carcinomas using FMT-CT and MSOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1038
Author(s):  
Wenhui Huang ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Yu An ◽  
Hui Meng ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Tumour Hypoxia ◽  
Imaging Strategy

Abstract Purpose Accurate evaluation of hypoxia is particularly important in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to propose a novel imaging strategy for quantitative three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of hypoxia in a small animal model of NPC. Methods A carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-specific molecular probe (CAIX-800) was developed for imaging of hypoxia. Mouse models of subcutaneous, orthotopic, and spontaneous lymph node metastasis from NPC (5 mice per group) were established to assess the imaging strategy. A multi-modality imaging method that consisted of a hybrid combination of fluorescence molecular tomography-computed tomography (FMT-CT) and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) was used for 3D quantitative evaluation of tumour hypoxia. Magnetic resonance imaging, histological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis were used as references for comparison and validation. Results In the early stage of NPC (2 weeks after implantation), FMT-CT enabled precise 3D localisation of the hypoxia biomarker with high sensitivity. At the advanced stage (6 weeks after implantation), MSOT allowed multispectral analysis of the biomarker and haemoglobin molecules with high resolution. The combination of high sensitivity and high resolution from FMT-CT and MSOT could not only detect hypoxia in small-sized NPCs but also visualise the heterogeneity of hypoxia in 3D. Conclusions Integration of FMT-CT and MSOT could allow comprehensive and quantifiable evaluation of hypoxia in NPC. These findings may potentially benefit patients with NPC undergoing radiotherapy in the future.

In Vivo Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Imaging of Rodent Retina with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ruggeri ◽  
Hassan Wehbe ◽  
Shuliang Jiao ◽  
Giovanni Gregori ◽  
Maria E. Jockovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Resolution Imaging
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