scholarly journals The Arabidopsis MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST45 protein modulates maternal auxin biosynthesis and controls seed size by inducingAINTEGUMENTA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ju Li ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiuying Liu ◽  
Xian Sheng Zhang ◽  
Ying Hua Su
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Maternal Tissue ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Downstream Control

AbstractSeed size is a major factor determining crop yields that is controlled through the coordinated development of maternal and zygotic tissues. Here, we identified Arabidopsis MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST45 (MEE45) as a B3 transcription factor that controls cell proliferation and maternally regulates seed size through its transcriptional activation of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and its downstream control of auxin biosynthesis in the ovule integument. After characterizing reduced seed and organ size phenotypes in mee45 mutants and finding that overexpression of MEE45 causes oversized seeds, we discovered that the MEE45 protein can bind to the promoter region of the ANT locus and positively regulate its transcription. ANT in-turn activates the expression of auxin biosynthetic genes (e.g. YUCCA4) in the ovule integument. Our results thus illustrate mechanisms underlying maternal tissue-mediated regulation of seed size and suggest that MEE45 and its downstream components can be harnessed to develop higher-yielding crop varieties.

scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induces GSDME Transcriptional Activation for Inflammatory Pyroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenqiang Jia ◽  
Zhuqing Zhang ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Mei-Chun Cai ◽  
Jingyu Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

GSDME is a newly recognized executor of cellular pyroptosis, and has been recently implicated in tumor growth and immunity. However, knowledge about the molecular regulators underlying GSDME abundance remains limited. Here, we performed integrative bioinformatics analyses and identified that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signatures exhibited positive correlation with GSDME levels across human cancers. A causal role was supported by the observation that EMT dictated GSDME reversible upregulation in multiple experimental models. Mechanistically, transcriptional activation of GSDME was directly driven by core EMT-activating transcription factors ZEB1/2, which bound to the GSDME promoter region. Of functional importance, elevated GSDME in mesenchymally transdifferentiated derivatives underwent proteolytic cleavage upon antineoplastic drug exposure, leading to pyroptotic cell death and consequent cytokine release. Taken together, our findings pinpointed a key transcriptional machinery controlling GSDME expression and indicated potential therapeutic avenues to exploit GSDME-mediated inflammatory pyroptosis for the treatment of mesenchymal malignancies.

scholarly journals SELEKSI GALUR DARI POPULASI F4 KEDELAI YANG TAHAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT MOSAIK (Soybean mosaic virus) DAN BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie ◽  
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
High Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Selection Of

Soybean lines selection of F4 population resistant  to soybean mosaic disease (Soybean mosaic virus) with high yield.  The soybean breeding program is usually not purposedly done for resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) but rather for crop yields. The experiment was aimed to obtain soybean lines of F4 population resistant to soybean mosaic disease with high yield.  F2-F4 plants that have been inoculated with the T isolate of SMV one week after planting were selected by the pedigree  in the screen house. The result indicated eight  F4 populations (Wilis x L. Temanggung; Wilis x L. Jombang; Wilis x Pangrango; Wilis x PI 200485;  Gepak Kuning x L. Jombang; Gepak Kuning x L. Temanggung; Gepak Kuning x Malabar; Gepak Kuning x PI 200485) produced medium seed size (from 9.84-10.26 g 100/seeds).  Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288  showed more resistant than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485. The seed produced by Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 was 1.97 ton/ha. There were no F4 populations that had higher yield and bigger seed size than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 even though they were  moderately resistant to SMV. Therefore, these lines of Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288 and Gepak  Kuning x  PI 200485 might provide exellent sources to develop a new variety that resistant to SMV and of high yield.

scholarly journals RbsR Activates Capsule but Represses therbsUDKOperon in Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (23) ◽  
pp. 3666-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei G. Lei ◽  
Chia Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Regulation ◽  
Important Virulence Factor ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureuscapsule is an important virulence factor that is regulated by a large number of regulators. Capsule genes are expressed from a major promoter upstream of thecapoperon. A 10-bp inverted repeat (IR) located 13 bp upstream of the −35 region of the promoter was previously shown to affect capsule gene transcription. However, little is known about transcriptional activation of thecappromoter. To search for potential proteins which directly interact with thecappromoter region (Pcap), we directly analyzed the proteins interacting with the PcapDNA fragment from shifted gel bands identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. One of these regulators, RbsR, was further characterized and found to positively regulatecapgene expression by specifically binding to thecappromoter region. Footprinting analyses showed that RbsR protected a DNA region encompassing the 10-bp IR. Our results further showed thatrbsRwas directly controlled by SigB and that RbsR was a repressor of therbsUDKoperon, involved in ribose uptake and phosphorylation. The repression ofrbsUDKby RbsR could be derepressed byd-ribose. However,d-ribose did not affect RbsR activation of capsule.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureusis an important human pathogen which produces a large number of virulence factors. We have been using capsule as a model virulence factor to study virulence regulation. Although many capsule regulators have been identified, the mechanism of regulation of most of these regulators is unknown. We show here that RbsR activates capsule by direct promoter binding and that SigB is required for the expression ofrbsR. These results define a new pathway wherein SigB activates capsule through RbsR. Our results further demonstrate that RbsR inhibits therbsoperon involved in ribose utilization, thereby providing an example of coregulation of metabolism and virulence inS. aureus. Thus, this study further advances our understanding of staphylococcal virulence regulation.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Antagonizes LOX-1-Mediated Endothelial Injury by Transcriptional Activation of miR-590-5p

PPAR Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Shijun Wang ◽  
Aijun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is one of the major receptors expressed on the endothelium of arterial wall with a key role in endothelial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggested that LOX-1 is upregulated under the condition of insulin resistance and could be suppressed by the antidiabetic drugs. We previously also confirmed that Thiazolidinedione (TZD) has the inhibitory effect on LOX-1 in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we showed that Rosiglitazone treatment significantly attenuated the expressions of LOX-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p47phox, and the atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet. In vitro, we revealed that Rosiglitazone inhibited LOX-1 by regulating miR-590-5p. Ox-LDL-mediated ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and p47phox were significantly reduced by Rosiglitazone, but all reversed after pretreating the cells with antagomiR-590-5p. Induction with Rosiglitazone activated PPAR-γ and promoted its nuclear translocation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The nuclear PPAR-γ upregulated the miR-590-5p level through binding to its transcriptional promoter region. Retaining PPAR-γ in cytoplasm by transfecting with PPAR-γ⊿NLS plasmid in HUVECs failed to activate miR-590-5p. Mutation of the promoter region of PPAR-γ also reduced the miR-590-5p promoter luciferase activity. Collectively, these data indicated that PPAR-γ may have the therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis via the transcriptional regulation of miR-590-5p in endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Variation in Expression of the HECT E3 Ligase UPL3 Modulates LEC2 Levels, Seed Size, and Crop Yields in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2370-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Miller ◽  
Rachel Wells ◽  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
Martin Trick ◽  
Joshua Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
E3 Ligase

Fucose-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of the fcs Operon by FcsR in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Manzoor ◽  
Sulman Shafeeq ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Oscar P. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Regulatory Site ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we explore the impact of fucose on the transcriptome of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> D39. The expression of various genes and operons, including the fucose uptake PTS and utilization operon (<i>fcs</i> operon) was altered in the presence of fucose. By means of quantitative RT-PCR and β-galactosidase analysis, we demonstrate the role of the transcriptional regulator FcsR, present upstream of the <i>fcs</i> operon, as a transcriptional activator of the <i>fcs</i> operon. We also predict a 19-bp putative FcsR regulatory site (5′-ATTTGAACATTATTCAAGT-3′) in the promoter region of the <i>fcs</i> operon. The functionality of this predicted FcsR regulatory site was further confirmed by promoter-truncation experiments, where deletion of half of the FscR regulatory site or full deletion led to the abolition of expression of the <i>fcs</i> operon.

scholarly journals Radiation Desiccation Response Motif-Like Sequences Are Involved in Transcriptional Activation of the Deinococcal ssb Gene by Ionizing Radiation but Not by Desiccation

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (21) ◽  
pp. 5637-5644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Kumar Ujaoney ◽  
Akhilesh A. Potnis ◽  
Pratiksha Kane ◽  
Rita Mukhopadhyaya ◽  
Shree Kumar Apte
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
Similar Sequence ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcriptional Induction ◽  
Transcriptional Fusions

ABSTRACT Single-stranded-DNA binding protein (SSB) levels during poststress recovery of Deinococcus radiodurans were significantly enhanced by 60Co gamma rays or mitomycin C treatment but not by exposure to UV rays, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or desiccation. Addition of rifampin prior to postirradiation recovery blocked such induction. In silico analysis of the ssb promoter region revealed a 17-bp palindromic radiation/desiccation response motif (RDRM1) at bp −114 to −98 and a somewhat similar sequence (RDRM2) at bp −213 to −197, upstream of the ssb open reading frame. Involvement of these cis elements in radiation-responsive ssb gene expression was assessed by constructing transcriptional fusions of edited versions of the ssb promoter region with a nonspecific acid phosphatase encoding reporter gene, phoN. Recombinant D. radiodurans strains carrying such constructs clearly revealed (i) transcriptional induction of the ssb promoter upon irradiation and mitomycin C treatment but not upon UV or H2O2 treatment and (ii) involvement of both RDRM-like sequences in such activation of SSB expression, in an additive manner.

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