Sensitive to Proton Rhizotoxicity1 Regulates Salt and Drought Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana through Transcriptional Regulation of CIPK23

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2113-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Sadhukhan ◽  
Takuo Enomoto ◽  
Yuriko Kobayashi ◽  
Toshihiro Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Iuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Insertion Mutants

Abstract The transcription factor sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 (STOP1) regulates multiple stress tolerances. In this study, we confirmed its involvement in NaCl and drought tolerance. The root growth of the T-DNA insertion mutant of STOP1 (stop1) was sensitive to NaCl-containing solidified MS media. Transcriptome analysis of stop1 under NaCl stress revealed that STOP1 regulates several genes related to salt tolerance, including CIPK23. Among all available homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants of the genes suppressed in stop1, only cipk23 showed a NaCl-sensitive root growth phenotype comparable to stop1. The CIPK23 promoter had a functional STOP1-binding site, suggesting a strong CIPK23 suppression led to NaCl sensitivity of stop1. This possibility was supported by in planta complementation of CIPK23 in the stop1 background, which rescued the short root phenotype under NaCl. Both stop1 and cipk23 exhibited a drought tolerant phenotype and increased abscisic acid-regulated stomatal closure, while the complementation of CIPK23 in stop1 reversed these traits. Our findings uncover additional pleiotropic roles of STOP1 mediated by CIPK23, which regulates various ion transporters including those regulating K+-homeostasis, which may induce a trade-off between drought tolerance and other traits.

scholarly journals Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Sumi Sarkar ◽  
Farzana Mustafa Era ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins and for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, the morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical and molecular levels of drought stress in legumes are described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as the morphological, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of legumes, are also reviewed. Moreover, various management approaches for mitigating the drought stress effects in grain legumes are assessed. Reduced leaf area, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, CO2 influx, nutrient uptake and translocation, and water-use efficiency (WUE) ultimately affect legume yields. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. The biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most detrimental effect of drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture (RSA), reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, antioxidant defense system, solute accumulation (e.g., proline) and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Several agronomic, breeding both conventional and molecular, biotechnological approaches are used as management practices for developing a drought-tolerant legume without affecting crop yield. Exogenous application of plant-growth regulators (PGRs), osmoprotectants and inoculation by Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes drought tolerance in legumes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), OMICS-based technology and CRISPR/Cas9 make the breeding work easy and save time in the developmental cycle to get resistant legumes. Several drought-resistant grain legumes, such as the chickpea, faba bean, common bean and pigeon pea, were developed by different institutions. Drought-tolerant transgenic legumes, for example, chickpeas, are developed by introgressing desired genes through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate genes occupying drought-tolerant traits, are identified from a variety of grain legumes, but not all are under proper implementation. Hence, more research should be conducted to improve the drought-tolerant traits of grain legumes for avoiding losses during drought.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Amendment With Wood Ash on Transpiration, Growth, and Metal Uptake in Two Contrasting Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Leonard Barnabas Ebinezer ◽  
Anna Panozzo ◽  
Giuseppe Barion ◽  
Cristian Dal Cortivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Top Soil

Wood ash as a soil amendment has gained wide spread acceptance in the recent years as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, although information regarding the effects of its application on maize growth and yield in the context of climate change and increasing drought severity is lacking till date. In the present study, field and pot trials were carried out at the experimental farm of the University of Padova at Legnaro (NE Italy) in a silty-loam soil in order to investigate the effects of soil amendment with wood ash (0.1% w/w, incorporated into the 0.2-m top soil) on the bioavailability of mineral elements and their uptake by maize. Characteristics analyzed included plant growth, leaf transpiration dynamics, and productivity in two contrasting hybrids, P1921 (drought sensitive) and D24 (drought tolerant). Wood ash contained relevant amounts of Ca, K, Mg, P, and S, and hazardous levels of Zn (732 mg kg−1), Pb (527 mg kg−1), and Cu (129 mg kg−1), although no significant changes in total soil element concentration, pH, and electrical conductivity were detected in open field. Ash application led to a general increasing trend of diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)-extractable of various elements, bringing to higher grain P in D24 hybrid, and Zn and Ni reductions in P1921 hybrid. Here, the results demonstrated that ash amendment enhanced shoot growth and the number of leaves, causing a reduction of harvest index, without affecting grain yield in both hybrids. The most relevant result was a retarded inhibition of leaf transpiration under artificial progressive water stress, particularly in the drought-tolerant D24 hybrid that could be sustained by root growth improvements in the field across the whole 0–1.5 m soil profile in D24, and in the amended top soil in P1921. It is concluded that woody ash can be profitably exploited in maize fertilization for enhancing shoot and root growth and drought tolerance, thanks to morphological and physiological improvements, although major benefits are expected to be achieved in drought tolerant hybrids. Attention should be payed when using ash derived by metal contaminated wood stocks to avoid any health risk in food uses.

scholarly journals Regulation of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis involves PLATZ4-mediated transcriptional suppression of PIP2;8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Zhen Ji ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Chunlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transcriptional Suppression ◽  
Aba Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Development

PLATZ transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, how PLATZ regulates plant drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that PLATZ4 increases drought tolerance and ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana by suppressing the expression of PIP2;8, while upregulating expression of ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5. PLATZ4 directly binds A/T-rich sequences within the PIP2;8 promoter. Consistent with this, PIP2;8 acts epistatically to PLATZ4. Furthermore, the aquaporin activity of PIP2;8 was confirmed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in response to osmotic stress. Analysis of water loss of seedlings overexpressing PIP2;8 or lacking PIP2;8 function indicated that PIP2;8-mediated water flow is particularly active in response to drought stress in planta. In platz4 mutant and PLATZ4-overexpressing plants, water loss and stomatal closure changed oppositely to those in pip2;8 mutants and PIP2;8-overexpressing plants, respectively. In addition, the interaction between PLATZ4 and AITR6 was confirmed by several assays, and the binding of PIP2;8 promoter by PLATZ4 was strengthened by an interaction with AITR6. Collectively, our findings reveal that PLATZ4 interacts with AITR6 to increase ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance by upregulating expression of ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5 while inhibiting the expression of PIP2;8 and associated genes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Seaweed Extract-induced Transcriptome Leads to Identification of a Negative Regulator of Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mundaya N. Jithesh ◽  
Owen S.D. Wally ◽  
Iain Manfield ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
David Hiltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Dna Insertion

Successful development of plants resistant to salinity stress is problematic as a result of the complex polygenic natures of salt tolerance. Previously, alkaline extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum have shown promise in enhancing plant tolerance toward abiotic stresses. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, the whole genome transcriptome of Arabidopsis undergoing salt stress was analyzed by microarray analysis after treatment with the chemical components of A. nodosum extracts (ANE). Treatment with ANE induced many positive regulators of salt tolerance in addition to downregulating numerous other genes. Using T-DNA insertion mutants within these downregulated genes, we examined the potential for a novel source of enhanced NaCl tolerance through removal of negative regulators of NaCl stress responses within Arabidopsis. Several potential target mutations were identified with enhanced salt-tolerant phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion within the promoter of a putative Pectin Methyl Esterase Inhibitor (PMEI) gene (At1g62760) was found to be resistant to salinity stress and was further characterized. This T-DNA insertion mutant was designated as pmei1-1. The phenotype of pmei1-1 seedlings included increased primary root growth in vitro and improved biomass accumulation under NaCl stress. Additionally, modified transcript levels of dehydration-responsive genes, including RD29A, were observed in pmei1-1 plants. Taken together, these results suggest a role for PMEI as a negative regulator of NaCl resistance and that chemical stress-induced transcriptome analysis may lead to identification of additional novel regulators of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the use of which would have significant implications for agriculture globally.

scholarly journals Use of thermographic imaging to screen for drought-tolerant genotypes in Brachypodium distachyon

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ruíz ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
Rosa M. García ◽  
José M. Carrillo ◽  
Elena Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Thermal imaging has been used to evaluate the response to drought and warm temperatures in a collection of Brachypodium distachyon lines adapted to varied environmental conditions. Thermographic records were able to separate lines from contrasting rainfall regimes. Genotypes from dryer environments showed warmer leaves under water deficit, which suggested that decreased evapotranspiration was related to a more intense stomatal closure. When irrigated and under high temperature conditions, drought-adapted lines showed cooler leaves than lines from wetter zones. The consistent, inverse thermographic response of lines to water stress and heat validates the reliability of this method to assess drought tolerance in this model cereal. It additionally supports the hypothesis that stomatal-based mechanisms are involved in natural variation for drought tolerance in Brachypodium. The study further suggests that these mechanisms are not constitutive but likely related to a more efficient closing response to avoid dehydration in adapted genotypes. Higher leaf temperature under water deficit seems a dependable criterion of drought tolerance, not only in B. distachyon but also in the main cereal crops and related grasses where thermography can facilitate high-throughput preliminary screening of tolerant materials.

Root Growth of Four Common Bean Cultivars in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Environments with Contrasting Soil Types

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Sponchiado ◽  
J. W. White ◽  
J. A. Castillo ◽  
P. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYRoot growth of two drought tolerant and two drought sensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) lines was compared at two locations in Colombia differing primarily in soil conditions. At Palmira, roots of drought tolerant lines reached a depth of 1.3 m, while drought sensitive lines only reached 0.8 m. These differences were associated with differences in seed yield, crop growth, canopy temperature and soil moisture extraction. Under acid soil conditions at Quili-chao, seed yields of supposedly drought tolerant genotypes were similar to those of the drought sensitive lines, and root growth of all four lines was restricted to less than 0.8 m. Drought avoidance through greater root growth and extraction of soil moisture appears to be an important drought tolerance mechanism in common beans, but its usefulness is limited where soil conditions restrict root growth.

scholarly journals Long-Chain Polyisoprenoids Are Synthesized by AtCPT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Surowiecki ◽  
Agnieszka Onysk ◽  
Katarzyna Manko ◽  
Ewa Swiezewska ◽  
Liliana Surmacz
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Functional Complementation ◽  
Arabidopsis Genome ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Long Chain

Arabidopsis roots accumulate a complex mixture of dolichols composed of three families, (i.e., short-, medium- and long-chain dolichols), but until now none of the cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs) predicted in the Arabidopsis genome has been considered responsible for their synthesis. In this report, using homo- and heterologous (yeast and tobacco) models, we have characterized the AtCPT1 gene (At2g23410) which encodes a CPT responsible for the formation of long-chain dolichols, Dol-18 to -23, with Dol-21 dominating, in Arabidopsis. The content of these dolichols was significantly reduced in AtCPT1 T-DNA insertion mutant lines and highly increased in AtCPT1-overexpressing plants. Similar to the majority of eukaryotic CPTs, AtCPT1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Functional complementation tests using yeast rer2Δ or srt1Δ mutants devoid of medium- or long-chain dolichols, respectively, confirmed that this enzyme synthesizes long-chain dolichols, although the dolichol chains thus formed are somewhat shorter than those synthesized in planta. Moreover, AtCPT1 acts as a homomeric CPT and does not need LEW1 for its activity. AtCPT1 is the first plant CPT producing long-chain polyisoprenoids that does not form a complex with the NgBR/NUS1 homologue.

Some physiological and morphological responses of Quercusmacrocarpa seedlings to flooding

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Tang ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Morphological Responses

Flooding for 30 days induced several changes in Quercusmacrocarpa Michx. seedlings, with stomatal closure among the earliest responses. Stomata remained more closed in flooded than in unflooded plants during the entire experimental period. Leaf water potential was consistently higher in flooded than in unflooded plants. Other responses to flooding included acceleration of ethylene production by stems; formation of hypertrophied lenticels on submerged portions of stems; growth inhibition, with greatest reduction in roots; and formation of a few adventitious roots on submerged portions of the stem above the soil line. Some of the morphological responses to flooding, especially formation of hypertrophied lenticels, appeared to be associated with increased ethylene production. Quercusmacrocarpa seedlings adapted poorly to flooding as shown by failure of stomata to reopen after an early period of flooding and low capacity for production of adventitious roots. The much greater inhibition of root growth than shoot growth by flooding will reduce drought tolerance after floodwaters recede.

scholarly journals Growth and Drought Tolerance of Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' in Pine Bark-amended Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton B. Wood ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
David E. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum Thunb. var. tomentosum (Thunb.) Miq. `Mariesii' were planted in unamended planting holes, tilled plots, and tilled plots amended with aged pine bark. A 36-day drought was initiated 108 days after planting. Amending induced N deficiencies, reduced shoot growth, and increased root growth. Plants harvested from tilled and planting-hole plots at drought initiation had 63% and 68% more dry weight, respectively, than plants from amended plots. Between 8 and 19 days after drought (DAD) initiation, plants from tilled plots maintained higher relative leaf water content (RLWC) than plants from planting holes. Plants in amended plots maintained higher RLWC than both other treatments between 7 and 33 DAD. Amended and tilled treatments had higher relative leaf expansion rates (RLERs) than the planting-hole treatment 8, 11, 13, and 15 DAD. As the drought lengthened, plants in amended plots maintained higher RLERs than plants in tilled plots. While plants in pine bark-amended plots were more drought tolerant than those in tilled plots, it is unclear if increased drought tolerance was caused by the improved rooting environment or N deficiency.

Evaluation of drought tolerance and screening for drought-tolerant indicators in sweetpotato cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan ZHANG ◽  
Bei-Tao XIE ◽  
Bao-Qing WANG ◽  
Shun-Xu DONG ◽  
Wen-Xue DUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant
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