scholarly journals Hormonal Diterpenoids Distinct to Gibberellins Regulate Protonema Differentiation in the Moss Physcomitrium patens

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakajima ◽  
Sho Miyazaki ◽  
Hiroshi Kawaide
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract Plants synthesize gibberellin (GA), a diterpenoid hormone, via ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) oxidation. GA has not been detected in the moss Physcomitrium patens despite its ability to synthesize KA. It was recently shown that a KA metabolite, 3OH-KA, was identified as an active regulator of protonema differentiation in P. patens. An inactive KA metabolite, 2OH-KA, was also identified in the moss, as was KA2ox, which is responsible for converting KA to 2OH-KA. In this review, we mainly discuss the GA biosynthetic gene homologs identified and characterized in bryophytes. We show the similarities and differences between the OH-KA control of moss and GA control of flowering plants. We also discuss using recent genomic studies; mosses do not contain KAO, even though other bryophytes do. This absence of KAO in mosses corresponds to the presence of KA2ox, which is absent in other vascular plants. Thus, given that 2OH-KA and 3OH-KA were isolated from ferns and flowering plants, respectively, vascular plants may have evolved from ancestral bryophytes that originally produced 3OH-KA and GA.

Individuality, self and sociality of vascular plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1821) ◽  
pp. 20190760 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Baluška ◽  
Stefano Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
And Control

Vascular plants are integrated into coherent bodies via plant-specific synaptic adhesion domains, action potentials (APs) and other means of long-distance signalling running throughout the plant bodies. Plant-specific synapses and APs are proposed to allow plants to generate their self identities having unique ways of sensing and acting as agents with their own goals guiding their future activities. Plants move their organs with a purpose and with obvious awareness of their surroundings and require APs to perform and control these movements. Self-identities allow vascular plants to act as individuals enjoying sociality via their self/non-self-recognition and kin recognition. Flowering plants emerge as cognitive and intelligent organisms when the major strategy is to attract and control their animal pollinators as well as seed dispersers by providing them with food enriched with nutritive and manipulative/addictive compounds. Their goal in interactions with animals is manipulation for reproduction, dispersal and defence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens’.

scholarly journals SPESIES TUMBUHAN ASLI, INTRODUKSI DAN INVASIF DI PULAU BARRANGCADDI SULAWESI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
South China ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Check List ◽  
Field Guide

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of K+ Transporters in Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Flowering Plants Indicates a Specialization of Vascular Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras ◽  
Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón ◽  
Begoña Benito ◽  
Rosario Haro ◽  
Kamil Sklodowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants

scholarly journals The Heavy Links between Geological Events and Vascular Plants Evolution: A Brief Outline

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Piombino
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Plant Origin

Since the rise of photosynthesis, life has influenced terrestrial atmosphere, particularly the O2 and the CO2 content (the latter being originally more than 95%), changing the chemistry of waters, atmosphere, and soils. Billions of years after, a far offspring of these first unicellular forms conquered emerging lands, not only completely changing landscape, but also modifying geological cycles of deposition and erosion, many chemical and physical characteristics of soils and fresh waters, and, more, the cycle of various elements. So, there are no doubts that vascular plants modified geology; but it is true that also geology has affected (and, more, has driven) plant evolution. New software, PyRate, has determined vascular plant origin and diversification through a Bayesian analysis of fossil record from Silurian to today, particularly observing their origination and extinction rate. A comparison between PyRate data and geological history suggests that geological events massively influenced plant evolution and that also the rise of nonflowering seed plants and the fast diffusion of flowering plants can be explained, almost partly, with the environmental condition changes induced by geological phenomena.

scholarly journals Los Géneros de plantas vasculares de la flora de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Villaseñor
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Richness Patterns

An updated account of the generic richness of Mexican vascular plants records 2,804 native genera, distributed in 304 families. The flowering plants include the largest number (2,663 genera), 2,117 of them dicotyledons (Magnoliophyta) and 546 monocotyledons (Liliopsida). In addition, 127 genera of ferns and fern allies and 14 of gymnosperms are recorded. A list of generic names is provided, as well as a brief discussion about their richness patterns and their geographical and ecological distribution. Of the total generic richness of Mexico, 7.8% (219 genera) is considered to be endemic to this country.

The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 2. Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families

Taxon ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
P. F. Stevens ◽  
K. Kubitzki ◽  
J. G. Rohwer ◽  
V. Bittrich
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants

scholarly journals The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAARTEN J.M. CHRISTENHUSZ ◽  
JAMES W. BYNG
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Natural History Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

We have counted the currently known, described and accepted number of plant species as ca 374,000, of which approximately 308,312 are vascular plants, with 295,383 flowering plants (angiosperms; monocots: 74,273; eudicots: 210,008). Global numbers of smaller plant groups are as follows: algae ca 44,000, liverworts ca 9,000, hornworts ca 225, mosses 12,700, lycopods 1,290, ferns 10,560 and gymnosperms 1,079. Phytotaxa is currently contributing more than a quarter of the ca 2000 species that are described every year, showing that it has become a major contributor to the dissemination of new species discovery. However, the rate of discovery is slowing down, due to reduction in financial and scientific support for fundamental natural history studies.

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