Brown, Thomas (1778–1820)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bryant
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
The Mind

Thomas Brown was the last prominent figure in the Scottish philosophical tradition deriving from David Hume and Thomas Reid. Like Reid, he took the mind’s knowledge about itself to be a datum it is pointless to challenge or try to justify, since no other grounds can be more certain for us. But he defended Hume’s account of causation as nothing more than invariable succession. The mind, therefore, is a simple substance, whose successive states are affected by and affect the states of physical objects: the laws according to which these changes take place are no harder to grasp than the effects of gravitation. Brown’s lectures, published as delivered daily to Edinburgh students, seek to classify the laws of the mind so that we can conveniently understand ourselves, and direct our lives accordingly; the last quarter of his course draws conclusions for ethics and natural religion.

scholarly journals Conhecimento testemunhal – A visão não reducionista

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe De Mattos Müller
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Reid

Neste ensaio, consideramos a possibilidade de o conhe- cimento ser transmitido ou transferido via testemunho. Apresentamos inicialmente uma introdução à epistemologia do testemunho, indicando a sua origem em uma tradição que tem John Locke, David Hume e Thomas Reid como seus representantes. Apresentamos uma versão da tese não-reducionista. Mmostramos que o não-reducionista acerca do conhecimento testemunhal deve requerer um desempenho epistêmico conducente à verdade por parte do falante e a integridade intelectual do ouvinte.

Commerce, Virtue, and Politics: Adam Ferguson's Constitutionalism

1983 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Francis Hutcheson ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Philosophers

Adam Ferguson was one of several moral philosophers who contributed to the Scottish Enlightenment, a period aptly described as one of “remarkable efflorescence.” The works of Ferguson and his fellow Scotsmen — Adam Smith, David Hume, Dugald Stewart, Lord Kames, Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid — were widely distributed, seriously read, and vigorously debated during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. The greatest contribution of this Scottish school to the history of political thinking was the refinement of the idea of commercial republicanism, the synthesis of modern notions of polity and economy.

scholarly journals JUSTICIA Y PROPIEDAD SEGÚN THOMAS REID

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
José Hernández Prado
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Thomas Reid

Este artículo propone que, de acuerdo con el escocés Thomas Reid (1710-1796), la justicia debe ser entendida como una virtud moral de carácter natural entre los seres humanos, o bien como una cuestión de especie con respecto a ellos, y no como una virtud de tipo artificial o convencional, a manera de una creación de sus colectividades sociales y acaso como cuestión de sociabilidad entre dichos seres humanos. Sin embargo, propone también que en sus reflexiones sobre la justicia, Reid suscribiría una concepción objetable de la noción de propiedad, en cuanto patrimonio de riqueza básicamente repartible o distribuible, pero no de bienes que ante todo se generan o producen, como llegaron a plantearlo sus contemporáneos David Hume y Adam Smith.

scholarly journals Niilismo e crença no diálogo David Hume de Jacobi

Discurso ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Barrére Martin
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Thomas Reid

Podemos afirmar de modo fundamental que a crítica de Jacobi à filosofia deriva de seu afastamento do sensível em direção à constituição de verdades cada vez mais abstratas e passíveis de demonstração. Com isso a filosofia apenas conseguiu gerar disputas a respeito do que ela seja, sem conseguir demonstrar qual posição filosófica deu conta da tarefa e que terminam por levar à perda de confiança no empreendimento, ou em outras palavras, levar ao ceticismo. Trata-se aqui de, sem desconsiderar a influência da filosofia do senso comum de Thomas Reid, além em certa medida também da influência de Hume, como Jacobi procura sair desse impasse a partir do modo como compreende a noção de crença.

Gerard, Alexander (1728–95)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabney Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Principal Influence ◽  
King's College ◽  
The Subject

Alexander Gerard was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic (1752) and Professor of Divinity (1759) at Marischal College, and Professor of Divinity (1773) at King’s College, Aberdeen. A leading member of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society, he wrote a new plan of education for Marischal College as well as works on divinity. He is best known, however, for his Essay on Taste (1759). In 1774, he returned to the subject with An Essay on Genius. Gerard was associated with Thomas Reid (1710–96) in the Philosophical Society until Reid’s transfer to Glasgow in 1764. The work of David Hume (1711–76) was a principal influence.

Powers in Britain, 1689–1827

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-242
Author(s):  
Antonia LoLordo
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
The Many

Scholastic physics and metaphysics emphasized both the notion of power in general and the notions of the many particular powers of creatures. But during the 17th and 18th centuries, powers came to be seen as suspect. This trend culminated in Hume’s denial that we have the idea of power his predecessors assumed we have. This chapter tells the story of the decline, fall, and eventual resurrection of the concept of power in Britain in the long 18th century. It focuses on differing accounts of the idea of power, the scope of power, and the metaphysical basis of power, as found in four figures: John Locke, David Hume, Thomas Reid, and Mary Shepherd.

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