scholarly journals Influence of Tattoo Ink on Hepatitis C Virus Infectiousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Behrendt ◽  
Janina Brüning ◽  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Eike Steinmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abuse ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Hcv Transmission

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus and is most frequently transmitted through large or repeated direct percutaneous exposures to infected blood. The 2 most common exposures associated with transmission of HCV are blood transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. The association between HCV transmission and other suspected risk factors such as tattooing is more controversial. Although HCV can survive for days to weeks in suspension or on inanimate surfaces, its stability in tattooing supplies remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the influence of tattoo ink on HCV infectiousness.

scholarly journals A prospective study of demographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus positive pregnant women in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Arti Sharma ◽  
Shubhra Agarwal ◽  
Garima Bajpai ◽  
Anupriya Singh ◽  
Nikita Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abuse ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease in pregnancy and is also the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in tropical countries. Risk factors for transmission are intravenous drug abuse, surgical and dental procedures done without adequate sterilization of instruments, sexual route etc. Early diagnosis and management can prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was done to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive antenatal women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to June 2018 on total 2511 pregnant women. The serum samples were checked for presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of IgG antibodies to HCV. Analysis of sociodemographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome were done in all HBV and HCV positive women.Results: Out of 2511 pregnant women, 292 were tested positive for hepatitis. Maximum number of women were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of the seropositive women were multipara. Frequency of positivity was maximum for HCV (67.1%). The risk factors for transmission in study population were intravenous drug abuse, blood transfusion, history of surgery and tattooing.Conclusions: Hepatitis infection rate is increasing. Universal screening for HBV and HCV can be recommended in pregnant women in developing countries. Education and awareness of public and health care workers can reduce the risk of transmission. 

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: TESTING ANTIBODIES, RNA AND GENOTYPES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Al-Kubaisy ◽  
Nor Aini Mohd Noor ◽  
Nik Shamsidah Nik Ibrahim ◽  
Usama Al-Nasirie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Seropositive Rate ◽  
Hcv Transmission

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important global public health problem affecting approximately 180 million people. Multiple risk factors are associated with HCV transmission among haemodialysis (HD) patients leading to an increased risk for liver-related mortality. Patients undergoing HD may show a decreased humoral and cellular immunity, which lowers the sensitivity of the HCV antibodies (Abs) test resulting in false negative antibody test, thus requiring HCV RNA testing. Our study is to determine the prevalence of HCV markers (antibody RNA and genotype) and risk factors of HCV infection among patients in HD unit in Baghdad. A sample of 54 patients were interviewed. HCV Abs (anti-HCV) was tested using third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) and immunoblot assay (Lia-Tek III) as screening and confirmatory test respectively. Sera of 46 patients (irrespective to anti-HCV results) were subjected to molecular analysis, using the most developed RT-PCR and DNA Enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method. Seropositive rate of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA were (66.6%) and (60.9%) respectively. Anti-HCV seropositive rate was significantly higher in males (77.1%), and history of blood transfusion (85%). Blood transfusion acts as a significant risk for acquiring HCV (OR 44.2, 95% CI 7.6-256.9). Genotype 4 was the most prevalent (33.3%), followed by genotype 1a (25.9%) and genotype 1b (22.2%). We concluded that, the prevalence of HCV among the haemodialysis patients is high. It is significantly related to gender, duration of dialysis and number of blood transfusion. Blood transfusion acts as a significant risk factor. Molecular test for detection for HCV RNA is necessary and proper nosocomial prevention program should be implemented to prevent HCV transmission.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. A case-control study of blood donors in the Trent Region (UK)

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Neal ◽  
D. A. Jones ◽  
D. Killey ◽  
V. James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the National Blood Transfusion Service identified donors who had acquired HCV infection. We undertook a case-control study amongst blood donors in the Trent Region to determine risks for HCV infection. A total of 74 blood donors confirmed positive for hepatitis C infection and 150 age, sex and donor venue matched controls were included in the study. Fifty-three percent of hepatitis C infected blood donors reported previous use of injected drugs compared to no controls; relative risk (RR) not estimatable (lower limit 95% CI = 20). Other risk factors were a history of: receipt of a blood transfusion or blood products RR = 3·6 (95% CI 1·5–8·3), having been a ‘health care worker’ RR = 2·8 (95% CI 1·1–7·6), tattooing RR = 3·3 (95% CI 1·2–8·7), and an association with having been born abroad RR = 3·2 (95% CI 1·1–9·5). No risk was shown for a history of multiple sexual partners, ear piercing or acupuncture. Injecting drug use explains more than 50% of hepatitis C infections in blood donors, a group who are less likely to have injected drugs than the general population.

scholarly journals Viral Hepatitis C (HCV) in Hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Seba Atmane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Early Virologic Response ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Transmission

The aim of the study is to show the prevalence and risk factors of HCV at our hemodialysis (HD) center , in a study carried out on chronic hemodialysis patients during the year 2019, we identified eight cases out of 87 patients infected with HCV, or 9%. The average age in this population is 48 years, dialysed for an average of 15 years. Viral infection was discovered on average 12.5 years after the start of hemodialysis, during a routine screening examination. In this series, the genotype 1b was found in 2 cases (25%). Seven patients were treated out of the eight HCV hemodialysis patients, received dual therapy with sofosbuvir 400mg and daclar 60 mg for three months, with an early virologic response. A study done during a previous period, between 2015 and 2018, in the same center, looking at the risk factors for HCV transmission: 11 cases out of 134 hemodialysis patients infected with HCV. Among these cases, we noted the following factors; Blood transfusion: 3 cases (27.2%), surgery: 4 cases (45.4%), dental care: 2 cases (18%), no obvious cause: 2 cases (9%). Serologically ; HCV antibodies positive: 11/134, i.e. an 8.2% seroprevalence, PCR-viral RNA was positive in 10 out of 11 patients, i.e. a prevalence of 7.4% by PCR, number of copies: Above 1.03x 1, 000,000 (100%), number of Logs: Sup to 3.32 (100%), negative PCR: 01 patient.

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