scholarly journals CNS Melioidosis in a Traveler Returning from Cabo, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Donahue ◽  
Geoffrey Newcomb ◽  
Sara Spinella ◽  
Paritosh Prasad ◽  
Jane Liesveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus

Abstract Melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia. We present a patient who traveled to Mexico, returned to the United States, and developed progressive manifestations of melioidosis, culminating as central nervous system disease. Standard therapy was contraindicated, and a prolonged intensive phase was employed.

scholarly journals Meningitis Caused by Salmonella Newport in a Five-Year-Old Child

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ana De Malet ◽  
Sheila Ingerto ◽  
Israel Gañán
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Salmonella Newport is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteria family and the nontyphi Salmonella (NTS), usually related to gastroenteritis. Main difference between NTS and Salmonella typhi is that the last one evolves to an invasive disease easier than NTS. These can progress to bacteremias in around 5% of cases and secondary focuses can appear occasionally, as in meningitis. An infection of the central nervous system is uncommon, considering its incidence in 0.6–8% of the cases; most of them are described in developing countries and mainly in childhood, especially neonates. Bacterial meningitis by NTS mostly affects immunosuppressed people in Europe. Prognosis is adverse, with a 50% mortality rate, mainly due to complications of infection: hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, abscesses, subdural empyema, or stroke. Choice antibiotic treatments are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. The aim of this paper is to present a case of meningitis caused by Salmonella Newport diagnosed in a five-year-old girl living in a rural area of the province of Ourense (Spain), with favorable evolution and without neurological disorders.

Melioidosis and glanders

2010 ◽  
pp. 768-772
Author(s):  
S.J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
North East ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
Sixth Decade

Melioidosis is a serious infection caused by the soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is most commonly reported in north-east Thailand and northern Australia, but is increasingly recognized around the world. Infection is predominantly acquired through bacterial inoculation, often related to occupation, and mostly affects adults between the fourth and sixth decade who have risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and renal impairment....

scholarly journals Melioidosis with Septic Shock and Disseminated Infection in a Neutropenic Patient Receiving Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sitthi Sukauichai ◽  
Chantana Pattarowas
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Neutropenic Patient ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia

Melioidosis is a bacterial infection, caused by Gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei, widespread in Southeast Asia and the northern part of Australia, resulting in a high mortality rate in severe infection. However, it has rarely been reported in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The authors described a case of melioidosis in a neutropenic patient presenting with septic shock after receiving chemotherapy. Blood and urine cultures were positive for Burkholderia pseudomallei, and CT scan showed multiple pulmonary nodules and hepatosplenic abscesses. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics for the infection and with combined modalities for a malignancy.

scholarly journals Lesser Sac Haematoma – Meliodosis: A Surgical Surprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijith V ◽  
Anuraj Appukuttan ◽  
Sherin Shaji ◽  
Gowri Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysm ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Eventual Death

ABSTRACT Meliodosis, a potentially fatal disease endemic in south east asia and northern Australia is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a motile ,aerobic , non spore forming gram negative bacillus. It can present with asymptomatic infections to localized abscesses to fulminating diseases with multi organ involvement and eventual death. Mycotic aneurysm is a very rare presentation of meliodosis. Although isolation of

scholarly journals Role of the virology laboratory in diagnosis and management of patients with central nervous system disease.

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Chonmaitree ◽  
C D Baldwin ◽  
H L Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Young Infants

A number of viruses cause acute central nervous system disease. The two major clinical presentations are aseptic meningitis and the less common meningoencephalitis. Clinical virology laboratories are now more widely available than a decade ago; they can be operated on a modest scale and can be tailored to the needs of the patients they serve. Most laboratories can provide diagnostic information on diseases caused by enteroviruses, herpesviruses, and human immunodeficiency virus. Antiviral therapy for herpes simplex virus is now available. By providing a rapid diagnostic test or isolation of the virus or both, the virology laboratory plays a direct role in guiding antiviral therapy for patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Although there is no specific drug available for enteroviruses, attention needs to be paid to these viruses since they are the most common cause of nonbacterial meningitis and the most common pathogens causing hospitalization for suspected sepsis in young infants in the United States during the warm months of the year. When the virology laboratory maximizes the speed of viral detection or isolation, it can make a significant impact on management of these patients. Early viral diagnosis benefits patients with enteroviral meningitis, most of whom are hospitalized and treated for bacterial sepsis or meningitis or both; these patients have the advantage of early withdrawal of antibiotics and intravenous therapy, early hospital discharge, and avoidance of the risks and costs of unnecessary tests and treatment. Enteroviral infection in young infants also is a risk factor for possible long-term sequelae. For compromised patients, the diagnostic information helps in selecting specific immunoglobulin therapy. Good communication between the physician and the laboratory will result in the most benefit to patients with central nervous system viral infection.

scholarly journals Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Queensland carry diverse bimABm genes that are associated with central nervous system disease and are phylogenomically distinct from other Australian strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delaney Burnard ◽  
Michelle J Bauer ◽  
Caitlin Falconer ◽  
Ian Gassiep ◽  
Robert E Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
System Disease

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis and is endemic in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, the mortality rate remains high at approximately 10%. The bacterium is almost exclusively found in the endemic region, which spans the Northern Territory, Western Australia and North Queensland. However, Queensland infections remain understudied compared to those of the Northern Territory. This pilot study aimed to assess the prevalence of central nervous system disease associated variant bimABm, identify circulating antimicrobial resistance mutations and genetically distinct strains from Queensland, via comparative genomics. From 76 clinical isolates, we identified the bimABm variant in 20 (26.3%) isolates and in 9 (45%) of the isolates with documented central nervous system infection (n=18). Explorative analysis suggests a significant association between isolates carrying the bimABm variant and central nervous system disease (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.0, P=0.009) compared with isolates carrying the wildtype bimABp, with the possibility of additional driving factors. Furthermore, 50% of isolates were identified as novel multi-locus sequence types (STs), while the bimABm variant was more commonly identified in isolates with novel sequence STs, compared to those of previously described STs. Additionally, mutations associated with acquired antimicrobial resistance were only identified in 14.5% of all genomes. The findings of this research have provided clinically relevant genomic data of B. pseudomallei in Queensland and suggest that the bimABm variant may enable risk stratification for the development CNS complications and be a potential therapeutic target.

Melioidosis and glanders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1076-1080
Author(s):  
Sharon J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
North East ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
Sixth Decade

Melioidosis is a serious infection caused by the soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is most commonly reported in north-east Thailand and northern Australia, but is increasingly recognized around the world. Infection is predominantly acquired through bacterial inoculation, often related to occupation, and mostly affects adults between the fourth and sixth decade who have risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and renal impairment. Clinical features are very varied, ranging from a septicaemic illness (the most common presentation), often associated with concomitant pneumonia (50%) and other features including hepatic and splenic abscesses, to a chronic illness characterized by fever, weight loss, and wasting. Aside from supportive care and drainage of collections of pus, treatment requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy, with a parenteral phase of 10 to 14 days (ceftazidime or a carbapenem) followed by oral therapy for 12 to 20 weeks (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).

scholarly journals Bacterial Endocarditis Caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis: A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Kara Rognrud ◽  
Andrew M. Diaz ◽  
Collin Hill ◽  
Melissa A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus

A 47-year-old male with no significant medical history was hospitalized for bacteremia and diagnosed with endocarditis. The organism isolated was a Gram-negative bacillus—Sphingomonas paucimobilis. There are only a few reported cases of endocarditis caused by S. paucimobilis, and to our knowledge, this is the first in the United States.

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