scholarly journals Setting a course for preventing hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review of burden and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybüke Koyuncu ◽  
Daniel Mapemba ◽  
Iza Ciglenecki ◽  
Emily S Gurley ◽  
Andrew S Azman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Risk Factor Data ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus is responsible for outbreaks of acute jaundice in Africa and Asia, many of which occur among displaced people or in crisis settings. While an efficacious vaccine for HEV has been developed, we lack key epidemiologic data needed to understand how best to use the vaccine for hepatitis E control in endemic countries. Methods We conducted a systematic review of articles published on hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) in Africa and Asia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify articles with data on anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence, outbreaks of HEV, or risk factors for HEV infection, disease, or death, and all relevant data were extracted. Using these data we describe the evidence around temporal and geographical distribution of HEV transmission and burden. We estimated pooled age-specific seroprevalence and assessed the consistency in risk factor estimates. Results We extracted data from 148 studies. Studies assessing anti-HEV IgG antibodies used 18 different commercial assays. Most cases of hepatitis E during outbreaks were not confirmed. Risk factor data suggested an increased likelihood of current or recent HEV infection and disease associated with fecal-oral transmission of HEV, as well as exposures to blood and animals. Conclusion Heterogeneity in diagnostic assays used and exposure and outcome assessment methods hinder public health efforts to quantify burden of disease and evaluate interventions over time and space. Prevention tools such as vaccines are available, but require a unified global strategy for hepatitis E control to justify widespread use.

scholarly journals Setting a course for preventing hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review of burden and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybüke Koyuncu ◽  
Daniel Mapemba ◽  
Iza Ciglenecki ◽  
Emily S. Gurley ◽  
Andrew S. Azman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Risk Factor Data ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus is responsible for outbreaks of acute jaundice in Africa and Asia, many of which occur among displaced people or in crisis settings. While an efficacious vaccine for HEV has been developed, we lack key epidemiologic data needed to understand how best to use the vaccine for hepatitis E control in endemic countries.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of articles published on hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) in Africa and Asia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify articles with data on anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence, outbreaks of HEV, or risk factors for HEV infection, disease, or death, and all relevant data were extracted. Using these data we describe the evidence around temporal and geographical distribution of HEV transmission and burden. We estimated pooled age-specific seroprevalence and assessed the consistency in risk factor estimates.ResultsWe extracted data from 148 studies. Studies assessing anti-HEV IgG antibodies used 18 different commercial assays. Most cases of hepatitis E during outbreaks were not confirmed. Risk factor data suggested an increased likelihood of current or recent HEV infection and disease associated with fecal-oral transmission of HEV, as well as exposures to blood and animals.ConclusionHeterogeneity in diagnostic assays used and exposure and outcome assessment methods hinder public health efforts to quantify burden of disease and evaluate interventions over time and space. Prevention tools such as vaccines are available, but require a unified global strategy for hepatitis E control to justify widespread use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among cotton textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naureen Ali ◽  
Anam Feroz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Cotton workers are exposed to various hazards in the textile industry that might result in different ailments including hypertension (HTN). However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among cotton textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this study will be to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among adult cotton textile workers in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of descriptive epidemiology data. We will include observational studies (e.g. cross-sectional, cohort, surveys) on the epidemiology of hypertension among adult cotton textile workers in low- and middle-income countries. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of hypertension. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of risk factors of hypertension. Literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases (from January 2000 onwards), including PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Grey literature will be identified through searching conference abstracts, thesis dissertations and public repositories. Two investigators will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. age, gender, years of service, textile department). Discussion: This review will highlight the proportion of hypertension along with its risk factor among cotton textile workers in LMICs. Given that, some of the factors can be prevented in this high-risk population, we will call on health, experts to prioritize policies and commission and conduct programs to support the improvement in their health. This systematic review will identify, evaluate and integrate evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adult cotton textile workers in low- and middle-income countries. Our findings will be made publicly available in a repository and published in a peer-reviewed journalSystematic Review Registration: The present protocol has been registered within the PROSPERO database (registration ID: CRD42020167175)

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in Low and Middle-Income Countries and risk classification in the context of rolling out vaccine candidate across these countries : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ackah ◽  
Louise Ameyaw ◽  
Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo ◽  
Cynthia Osei Yeboah ◽  
Nana Esi Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Seroprevalence of SARS Cov-2 provides a good indication of the extent of exposure and spread in the population, as well as those likely to benefit from a vaccine candidate. To date, there is no published or ongoing systematic review on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis will estimate SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence and the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in LMICs.Methods We will search PubMed, EMBASE, WHO COVID-19 Global research database, Google Scholar, the African Journals Online, LILAC, HINARI, medRxiv, bioRxiv and Cochrane Library for potentially useful studies on seroprevalence of COVID-19 in LMICs from December 2019 to December 2020 without language restriction. Two authors will independently screen all the articles, select studies based on pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data using a pre-tested data extraction form. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the authors. The pooled seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 for people from LMICs will be calculated. Random effects model will be used in case of substantial heterogeneity in the included studies, otherwise fixed-effect model will be used. A planned subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses will be performed. For comparative studies, the analyses will be performed using Review Manager v 5.4; otherwise, STATA 16 will be used. All effect estimates will be presented with their confidence intervals.Discussion The study will explore and systematically review empirical evidence on SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence in LMICs, and to assess the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in Low Middle Income Countries in the context of rolling out vaccines in these countries. Finally, explore risk classifications to help with the rolling out of vaccines in LMICs.Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD422020221548).

scholarly journals Effect of rural-to-urban within-country migration on cardiovascular risk factors in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Heart ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián V Hernández ◽  
Vinay Pasupuleti ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
J Jaime Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Yulia Shenderovich ◽  
Frances Gardner ◽  
Christopher Mikton ◽  
James H. Derzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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